Mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of common central nervous system diseases via AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

ZHAO Tingting ¹ , JIANG Tongtong ¹ , ZHANG Xuanning ¹ , LI Xiuqiong ¹ , LI Hongyu ² ,  TANG Qiang ²

1. Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P. R. China;
2. Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

TANG Qiang, Email: tangqiang1963@163.com

Keywords：

AMP-activated protein kinase; acupuncture; central nervous system diseases; ischemic stroke; spinal cord injury; Alzheimer disease

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202406158

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

This article investigates the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream signaling targets in mediating cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation, offering insights into how acupuncture may treat common central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. AMPK and its downstream effectors are pivotal in the signaling pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of CNS diseases. These pathways are implicated in a variety of cellular responses that contribute to the progression of neurological disorders. During CNS injury, AMPK can be activated through phosphorylation, triggering the regulation of downstream molecules and exerting protective effects on neuronal function. Acupuncture has been shown to promote neuroprotection and enhance recovery in CNS diseases through multiple mechanisms, one of which involves the activation of AMPK-related signaling pathways. Nevertheless, numerous unresolved challenges remain in this research field.

Citation： ZHAO Tingting, JIANG Tongtong, ZHANG Xuanning, LI Xiuqiong, LI Hongyu, TANG Qiang. Mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of common central nervous system diseases via AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. West China Medical Journal, 2025, 40(1): 119-124. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202406158 Copy

1.	秦文秀, 许军峰, 高莹, 等. 中药干预腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶相关信号通路防治缺血性脑卒中的研究进展. 中药新药与临床药理, 2023, 34(8): 1156-1163.
2.	Tarasiuk O, Miceli M, Di Domizio A, et al. AMPK and diseases: state of the Art regulation by AMPK-targeting molecules. Biology (Basel), 2022, 11(7): 1041.
3.	Saito M, Saito M, Das BC. Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult and developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2019, 77: 48-59.
4.	姚嘉永, 邹伟. 针刺治疗缺血性脑卒中机制的研究进展. 针刺研究, 2022, 47(4): 354-361, 368.
5.	Guo X, Ma T. Effects of acupuncture on neurological disease in clinical- and animal-based research. Front Integr Neurosci, 2019, 13: 47.
6.	Afinanisa Q, Cho MK, Seong HA. AMPK localization: a key to differential energy regulation. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(20): 10921.
7.	Chun Y, Kim J. AMPK-mTOR signaling and cellular adaptations in hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(18): 9765.
8.	Omidkhoda N, Mahdiani S, Hayes AW, et al. Natural compounds against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a review on the involvement of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Phytother Res, 2023, 37(12): 5769-5786.
9.	Chen WW, Kang K, Lv J, et al. Galactose-NlGr11 inhibits AMPK phosphorylation by activating the PI3K-AKT-PKF-ATP signaling cascade via insulin receptor and Gβγ. Insect Sci, 2021, 28(3): 735-745.
10.	Akbarzadeh M, Mihanfar A, Akbarzadeh S, et al. Crosstalk between miRNA and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer. Life Sci, 2021, 285: 119984.
11.	Zhang F, Feng J, Zhang J, et al. Quercetin modulates AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling to inhibit inflammatory/oxidative stress responses in diabetic high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in the rat carotid artery. Exp Ther Med, 2020, 20(6): 280.
12.	Ibrahim WW, Kamel AS, Wahid A, et al. Dapagliflozin as an autophagic enhancer via LKB1/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in ovariectomized/D-galactose Alzheimer’s rat model. Inflammopharmacology, 2022, 30(6): 2505-2520.
13.	Xu W, Yan J, Ocak U, et al. Melanocortin 1 receptor attenuates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage by controlling mitochondrial metabolism via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway in rats. Theranostics, 2021, 11(2): 522-539.
14.	Tang J, Chen Y, Li J, et al. 14, 15-EET alleviates neurological impairment through maintaining mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium via AMPK/SIRT1/FoxO1 signal pathways in mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2023, 29(9): 2583-2596.
15.	Lu XH, Zhang J, Xiong Q. Suppressive effect erythropoietin on oxidative stress by targeting AMPK/Nox4/ROS pathway in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Transpl Immunol, 2022, 72: 101537.
16.	史丽伟, 布天杰, 史佩玉, 等. 金芪降糖片调控 AMPK/NOX4/IRS1 信号通路改善 2 型糖尿病大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗机制研究. 环球中医药, 2023, 16(10): 1935-1944.
17.	Pan T, Chang Y, He M, et al. β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin regulates macrophage polarization via the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway and ameliorates sepsis in mice. Pharm Biol, 2022, 60(1): 729-742.
18.	Huo K, Xu J, Wei M, et al. Solasonine ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and activating AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol, 2023, 124(Pt A): 110862.
19.	Waz S, Heeba GH, Hassanin SO, et al. Nephroprotective effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity is mediated by Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci, 2021, 264: 118630.
20.	Wu WY, Cui YK, Hong YX, et al. Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy is ameliorated by acacetin via Sirt1-mediated activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signal molecules. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(20): 12141-12153.
21.	Gao J, Qian T, Wang W. CTRP3 activates the AMPK/SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway to protect mitochondrial biogenesis and functions in cerebral ischemic stroke. Neurochem Res, 2020, 45(12): 3045-3058.
22.	Guo Y, Jiang H, Wang M, et al. Metformin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury aggravated by hyperglycemia via regulating AMPK/ULK1/PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact, 2023, 384: 110723.
23.	Guo K, Lu Y. Acupuncture modulates the AMPK/PGC-1 signaling pathway to facilitate mitochondrial biogenesis and neural recovery in ischemic stroke rats. Front Mol Neurosci, 2024, 17: 1388759.
24.	秦思茹, 唐慧玲, 李威, 等. 基于 AMPK 及下游靶点的黄连素防治缺血性脑卒中的研究进展. 中国现代应用药学, 2021, 38(4): 489-494.
25.	杨晶, 杨畅, 王翠, 等. 针刺通过调节自噬反应对脑卒中大鼠的神经元损伤的影响. 中华老年心脑血管病杂志, 2023, 25(2): 188-191.
26.	胡梦艺. 从 AMPK/PGC-1ɑ/NRF-1 途径探讨巨刺法改善 MCAO 大鼠神经损伤的作用机制. 福州: 福建中医药大学, 2022.
27.	Anjum A, Yazid MD, Fauzi Daud M, et al. Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(20): 7533.
28.	Yuan W, He X, Morin D, et al. Autophagy induction contributes to the neuroprotective impact of intermittent fasting on the acutely injured spinal cord. J Neurotrauma, 2021, 38(3): 373-384.
29.	Hu H, Xia N, Lin J, et al. Zinc regulates glucose metabolism of the spinal cord and neurons and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through the AMPK signaling pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 4331625.
30.	Kong G, Zhou L, Serger E, et al. AMPK controls the axonal regenerative ability of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons after spinal cord injury. Nature metabolism, 2020, 2(9): 918-933.
31.	孙忠人, 李佳诺, 尹洪娜, 等. 针刺促进脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复及相关信号通路作用机制研究进展. 中华中医药杂志, 2019, 34(11): 5291-5295.
32.	王镌, 李玥, 蒋伟, 等. 夹脊电针对脊髓损伤大鼠 AMPKα-HDAC5-HIF-1α 信号级联的调控作用研究. 吉林中医药, 2022, 42(11): 1319-1324.
33.	李正飞, 张任, 赵国瑞, 等. 电针通过增强 AMPK/mTOR 通路介导的自噬治疗神经源性尿潴留. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2022, 47(4): 488-496.
34.	Tolosa E, Garrido A, Scholz SW, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol, 2021, 20(5): 385-397.
35.	高怡江. MA-5 激活 AMPK 信号通路增强线粒体自噬治疗帕金森病. 衡阳: 南华大学, 2021.
36.	张申, 陈坤, 赵丹鹏, 等. 和厚朴酚通过调节自噬对帕金森病模型小鼠多巴胺能神经元的影响及机制. 中国病理生理杂志, 2022, 38(10): 1812-1819.
37.	Su J, Zhang J, Bao R, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are attenuated through activation of AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Pharmacol, 2021, 907: 174202.
38.	Tamtaji OR, Naderi Taheri M, Notghi F, et al. The effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on Parkinson’s disease: current status and future perspectives for molecular mechanisms. J Cell Biochem, 2019, 120(8): 12156-12166.
39.	蔡伟彬. 头穴透刺经由线粒体自噬途径对帕金森病模型小鼠的影响及其作用机制研究. 广州: 广州中医药大学, 2020.
40.	Geng X, Zou Y, Huang T, et al. Electroacupuncture improves neuronal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction through the TRPC1 and SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathways to alleviate Parkinson’s disease in mice. J Mol Neurosci, 2024, 74(1): 5.
41.	Ke C, Shan S, Tan Y, et al. Signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with acupuncture: a narrative review. Acupunct Med, 2024, 42(4): 216-230.
42.	Sun BL, Li WW, Zhu C, et al. Clinical research on Alzheimer’s disease: progress and perspectives. Neurosci Bull, 2018, 34(6): 1111-1118.
43.	Abd El-Fatah IM, Abdelrazek HMA, Ibrahim SM, et al. Dimethyl fumarate abridged tauo-/amyloidopathy in a D-Galactose/ovariectomy-induced Alzheimer’s-like disease: modulation of AMPK/SIRT-1, AKT/CREB/BDNF, AKT/GSK-3β, adiponectin/Adipo1R, and NF-κB/IL-1β/ROS trajectories. Neurochem Int, 2021, 148: 105082.
44.	陈涛, 周颖君, 王传玲, 等. AMPK 在阿尔茨海默病中的作用机制. 广东医学院学报, 2015, 33(6): 621-626.
45.	王婧, 郝婷, 赵晓峰. 针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的机制研究概况. 针灸临床杂志, 2020, 36(12): 87-91.
46.	Dong W, Yang W, Li F, et al. Electroacupuncture improves synaptic function in SAMP8 mice probably via inhibition of the AMPK/eEF2K/eEF2 signaling pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2019, 2019: 8260815.
47.	Liu W, Zhuo P, Li L, et al. Activation of brain glucose metabolism ameliorating cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by electroacupuncture. Free Radic Biol Med, 2017, 112: 174-190.
48.	Jia WW, Lin HW, Yang MG, et al. Electroacupuncture activates AMPKα1 to improve learning and memory in the APP/PS1 mouse model of early Alzheimer’s disease by regulating hippocampal mitochondrial dynamics. J Integr Med, 2024, 22(5): 588-599.
49.	Narine M, Azmi MA, Umali M, et al. The AMPK activator metformin improves recovery from demyelination by shifting oligodendrocyte bioenergetics and accelerating OPC differentiation. Front Cell Neurosci, 2023, 17: 1254303.
50.	Muraleedharan R, Dasgupta B. AMPK in the brain: its roles in glucose and neural metabolism. FEBS J, 2022, 289(8): 2247-2262.
51.	Song S, Guo R, Mehmood A, et al. Liraglutide attenuate central nervous inflammation and demyelination through AMPK and pyroptosis-related NLRP3 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2022, 28(3): 422-434.

1. 秦文秀, 许军峰, 高莹, 等. 中药干预腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶相关信号通路防治缺血性脑卒中的研究进展. 中药新药与临床药理, 2023, 34(8): 1156-1163.
2. Tarasiuk O, Miceli M, Di Domizio A, et al. AMPK and diseases: state of the Art regulation by AMPK-targeting molecules. Biology (Basel), 2022, 11(7): 1041.
3. Saito M, Saito M, Das BC. Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the adult and developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2019, 77: 48-59.
4. 姚嘉永, 邹伟. 针刺治疗缺血性脑卒中机制的研究进展. 针刺研究, 2022, 47(4): 354-361, 368.
5. Guo X, Ma T. Effects of acupuncture on neurological disease in clinical- and animal-based research. Front Integr Neurosci, 2019, 13: 47.
6. Afinanisa Q, Cho MK, Seong HA. AMPK localization: a key to differential energy regulation. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(20): 10921.
7. Chun Y, Kim J. AMPK-mTOR signaling and cellular adaptations in hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(18): 9765.
8. Omidkhoda N, Mahdiani S, Hayes AW, et al. Natural compounds against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a review on the involvement of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Phytother Res, 2023, 37(12): 5769-5786.
9. Chen WW, Kang K, Lv J, et al. Galactose-NlGr11 inhibits AMPK phosphorylation by activating the PI3K-AKT-PKF-ATP signaling cascade via insulin receptor and Gβγ. Insect Sci, 2021, 28(3): 735-745.
10. Akbarzadeh M, Mihanfar A, Akbarzadeh S, et al. Crosstalk between miRNA and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer. Life Sci, 2021, 285: 119984.
11. Zhang F, Feng J, Zhang J, et al. Quercetin modulates AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling to inhibit inflammatory/oxidative stress responses in diabetic high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in the rat carotid artery. Exp Ther Med, 2020, 20(6): 280.
12. Ibrahim WW, Kamel AS, Wahid A, et al. Dapagliflozin as an autophagic enhancer via LKB1/AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in ovariectomized/D-galactose Alzheimer’s rat model. Inflammopharmacology, 2022, 30(6): 2505-2520.
13. Xu W, Yan J, Ocak U, et al. Melanocortin 1 receptor attenuates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage by controlling mitochondrial metabolism via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway in rats. Theranostics, 2021, 11(2): 522-539.
14. Tang J, Chen Y, Li J, et al. 14, 15-EET alleviates neurological impairment through maintaining mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium via AMPK/SIRT1/FoxO1 signal pathways in mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2023, 29(9): 2583-2596.
15. Lu XH, Zhang J, Xiong Q. Suppressive effect erythropoietin on oxidative stress by targeting AMPK/Nox4/ROS pathway in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Transpl Immunol, 2022, 72: 101537.
16. 史丽伟, 布天杰, 史佩玉, 等. 金芪降糖片调控 AMPK/NOX4/IRS1 信号通路改善 2 型糖尿病大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗机制研究. 环球中医药, 2023, 16(10): 1935-1944.
17. Pan T, Chang Y, He M, et al. β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin regulates macrophage polarization via the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway and ameliorates sepsis in mice. Pharm Biol, 2022, 60(1): 729-742.
18. Huo K, Xu J, Wei M, et al. Solasonine ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and activating AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol, 2023, 124(Pt A): 110862.
19. Waz S, Heeba GH, Hassanin SO, et al. Nephroprotective effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity is mediated by Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci, 2021, 264: 118630.
20. Wu WY, Cui YK, Hong YX, et al. Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy is ameliorated by acacetin via Sirt1-mediated activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signal molecules. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(20): 12141-12153.
21. Gao J, Qian T, Wang W. CTRP3 activates the AMPK/SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway to protect mitochondrial biogenesis and functions in cerebral ischemic stroke. Neurochem Res, 2020, 45(12): 3045-3058.
22. Guo Y, Jiang H, Wang M, et al. Metformin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury aggravated by hyperglycemia via regulating AMPK/ULK1/PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact, 2023, 384: 110723.
23. Guo K, Lu Y. Acupuncture modulates the AMPK/PGC-1 signaling pathway to facilitate mitochondrial biogenesis and neural recovery in ischemic stroke rats. Front Mol Neurosci, 2024, 17: 1388759.
24. 秦思茹, 唐慧玲, 李威, 等. 基于 AMPK 及下游靶点的黄连素防治缺血性脑卒中的研究进展. 中国现代应用药学, 2021, 38(4): 489-494.
25. 杨晶, 杨畅, 王翠, 等. 针刺通过调节自噬反应对脑卒中大鼠的神经元损伤的影响. 中华老年心脑血管病杂志, 2023, 25(2): 188-191.
26. 胡梦艺. 从 AMPK/PGC-1ɑ/NRF-1 途径探讨巨刺法改善 MCAO 大鼠神经损伤的作用机制. 福州: 福建中医药大学, 2022.
27. Anjum A, Yazid MD, Fauzi Daud M, et al. Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(20): 7533.
28. Yuan W, He X, Morin D, et al. Autophagy induction contributes to the neuroprotective impact of intermittent fasting on the acutely injured spinal cord. J Neurotrauma, 2021, 38(3): 373-384.
29. Hu H, Xia N, Lin J, et al. Zinc regulates glucose metabolism of the spinal cord and neurons and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury through the AMPK signaling pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021, 4331625.
30. Kong G, Zhou L, Serger E, et al. AMPK controls the axonal regenerative ability of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons after spinal cord injury. Nature metabolism, 2020, 2(9): 918-933.
31. 孙忠人, 李佳诺, 尹洪娜, 等. 针刺促进脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复及相关信号通路作用机制研究进展. 中华中医药杂志, 2019, 34(11): 5291-5295.
32. 王镌, 李玥, 蒋伟, 等. 夹脊电针对脊髓损伤大鼠 AMPKα-HDAC5-HIF-1α 信号级联的调控作用研究. 吉林中医药, 2022, 42(11): 1319-1324.
33. 李正飞, 张任, 赵国瑞, 等. 电针通过增强 AMPK/mTOR 通路介导的自噬治疗神经源性尿潴留. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2022, 47(4): 488-496.
34. Tolosa E, Garrido A, Scholz SW, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol, 2021, 20(5): 385-397.
35. 高怡江. MA-5 激活 AMPK 信号通路增强线粒体自噬治疗帕金森病. 衡阳: 南华大学, 2021.
36. 张申, 陈坤, 赵丹鹏, 等. 和厚朴酚通过调节自噬对帕金森病模型小鼠多巴胺能神经元的影响及机制. 中国病理生理杂志, 2022, 38(10): 1812-1819.
37. Su J, Zhang J, Bao R, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are attenuated through activation of AMPK/GSK-3β/PP2A pathway in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Pharmacol, 2021, 907: 174202.
38. Tamtaji OR, Naderi Taheri M, Notghi F, et al. The effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on Parkinson’s disease: current status and future perspectives for molecular mechanisms. J Cell Biochem, 2019, 120(8): 12156-12166.
39. 蔡伟彬. 头穴透刺经由线粒体自噬途径对帕金森病模型小鼠的影响及其作用机制研究. 广州: 广州中医药大学, 2020.
40. Geng X, Zou Y, Huang T, et al. Electroacupuncture improves neuronal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction through the TRPC1 and SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathways to alleviate Parkinson’s disease in mice. J Mol Neurosci, 2024, 74(1): 5.
41. Ke C, Shan S, Tan Y, et al. Signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with acupuncture: a narrative review. Acupunct Med, 2024, 42(4): 216-230.
42. Sun BL, Li WW, Zhu C, et al. Clinical research on Alzheimer’s disease: progress and perspectives. Neurosci Bull, 2018, 34(6): 1111-1118.
43. Abd El-Fatah IM, Abdelrazek HMA, Ibrahim SM, et al. Dimethyl fumarate abridged tauo-/amyloidopathy in a D-Galactose/ovariectomy-induced Alzheimer’s-like disease: modulation of AMPK/SIRT-1, AKT/CREB/BDNF, AKT/GSK-3β, adiponectin/Adipo1R, and NF-κB/IL-1β/ROS trajectories. Neurochem Int, 2021, 148: 105082.
44. 陈涛, 周颖君, 王传玲, 等. AMPK 在阿尔茨海默病中的作用机制. 广东医学院学报, 2015, 33(6): 621-626.
45. 王婧, 郝婷, 赵晓峰. 针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的机制研究概况. 针灸临床杂志, 2020, 36(12): 87-91.
46. Dong W, Yang W, Li F, et al. Electroacupuncture improves synaptic function in SAMP8 mice probably via inhibition of the AMPK/eEF2K/eEF2 signaling pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2019, 2019: 8260815.
47. Liu W, Zhuo P, Li L, et al. Activation of brain glucose metabolism ameliorating cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by electroacupuncture. Free Radic Biol Med, 2017, 112: 174-190.
48. Jia WW, Lin HW, Yang MG, et al. Electroacupuncture activates AMPKα1 to improve learning and memory in the APP/PS1 mouse model of early Alzheimer’s disease by regulating hippocampal mitochondrial dynamics. J Integr Med, 2024, 22(5): 588-599.
49. Narine M, Azmi MA, Umali M, et al. The AMPK activator metformin improves recovery from demyelination by shifting oligodendrocyte bioenergetics and accelerating OPC differentiation. Front Cell Neurosci, 2023, 17: 1254303.
50. Muraleedharan R, Dasgupta B. AMPK in the brain: its roles in glucose and neural metabolism. FEBS J, 2022, 289(8): 2247-2262.
51. Song S, Guo R, Mehmood A, et al. Liraglutide attenuate central nervous inflammation and demyelination through AMPK and pyroptosis-related NLRP3 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2022, 28(3): 422-434.

Previous Article
Role of non-invasive biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy
Next Article
Research progress on the role of programmed cell death in the mechanism of neuropathic pain

West China Medical Journal

Mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of common central nervous system diseases via AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content