Interpretation of research progress on EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Xuxu ^1,2 , LI Jiahe ^1,2 , ZHANG Jipeng ² , LI Wei ² , LIU Wen ² , BAO Bo ² ,  LU Qiang ²

1. Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, P. R. China;
2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LU Qiang, Email: luqiang@fmmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

EGFR-mutant; non-small cell lung cancer; immune therapy; targeted therapy; interpretation

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202508039

Video：

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The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting was held in Chicago. At the annual conference, research on the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) once again took the spotlight. Combination therapy strategies have demonstrated the potential to overcome resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and prolong survival. Meanwhile, progress has also been made in individualized treatment strategies for young patients and those with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. However, the complexity of resistance mechanisms, special treatment considerations for different populations, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on treatment accessibility remain challenges in the field of EGFR-mutant NSCLC treatment. In the future, it is necessary to further explore more effective treatment regimens and expand the accessibility of precision medicine to maximize patient benefits.

1.	Zhou F, Guo H, Xia Y, et al. The changing treatment landscape of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2025, 22(2): 95-116.
2.	Zhao S, Cheng Y, Wang Q, et al. Sacituzumab tirumotecan in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with or without EGFR mutations: phase 1/2 and phase 2 trials. Nat Med, 2025, 31(6): 1976-1986.
3.	Sun H, Li M, Huang W, et al. Thoracic radiotherapy improves the survival in patients with EGFR-mutated oligo-organ metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, phase Ⅲ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(4): 412-421.
4.	Michels SYF, Frank J, Chen Z, et al. EATON: a phase I trial of nazartinib (EGF816) and trametinib in EGFR-mutant (EGFRmut) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8619.
5.	Zhou Q, Yu Y, Xing L, et al. First-line zorifertinib for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with central nervous system metastases: the phase 3 EVEREST trial. Med, 2025, 6(1): 100513.
6.	Wang SY, Jiang H, Ou W, et al. Adjuvant icotinib of 12 months versus observation as adjuvant therapy for completely resected EGFR-mutated stage ⅠB non-small-cell lung cancer: 5-year update from CORIN (GASTO1003). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16): 8021.
7.	Le X, Patel JD, Shum E, et al. A multicenter open-label randomized phase Ⅱ study of osimertinib with and without ramucirumab in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naïve EGFR-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (RAMOSE trial). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(4): 403-411.
8.	Miura S, Tanaka H, Misumi T, et al. Pragmatic randomized study of afatinib versus chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: ACHILLES/TORG1834. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(18): 2049-2058.
9.	Herbst RS, John T, Grohé C, et al. Molecular residual disease analysis of adjuvant osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated stage ⅠB-ⅢA non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Med, 2025, 31(6): 1958-1968.
10.	Lu S, Provencio M, Lisberg A, et al. TROPION-Lung14: a phase 3 study of osimertinib; datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) as first-line (1L) treatment for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic (LA/M) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): TPS8647.
11.	Li N, Ou W, Cheng C, et al. Adjuvant icotinib for resected EGFR-mutated stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (ICTAN, GASTO1002): a randomized comparison study. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1): 273.
12.	Samuel V, Gibson AW, Dean ML, et al. Real-world survival outcomes and adverse events with adjuvant osimertinib in resected EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e20003.
13.	Chen HJ, Tu HY, Hu Y, et al. A phase Ⅱ trial of anlotinib plus EGFR-TKIs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with gradual, oligo, or potential progression after EGFR-TKIs treatment (CTONG-1803/ALTER-L001). J Hematol Oncol, 2025, 18(1): 3.
14.	Bian D, Ji S, Liu Y, et al. Neoadjuvant aumolertinib for unresectable stage Ⅲ EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a single-arm phase Ⅱtrial. Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1): 3143.
15.	Jiang G, Yang X, Xie J, et al. Osimertinib plus anlotinib in patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with concurrent gene alterations: a single-arm, prospective, multicenter phase Ⅱstudy. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8627.
16.	Kanda S, Niho S, Kurata T, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ study of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and intercalated platinum-doublet chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation. Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 31(12): 2317-2326.
17.	Oh SY, Park S, Lee S, et al. The potential of lazertinib and amivantamab combination therapy as a treatment strategy for uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(2): 101929.
18.	Popat S, Januszewski A, O'Brien M, et al. Long term efficacy of first-line afatinib and the clinical utility of ctDNA monitoring in patients with suspected or confirmed EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer who were unsuitable for chemotherapy. Br J Cancer, 2025, 132(3): 245-252.
19.	Lim SM, Schalm SS, Lee EJ, et al. BLU-945, a potent and selective next-generation EGFR TKI, has antitumor activity in models of osimertinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol, 2024, 6: 17588359241280689.
20.	Tian Z, Cen L, Wei F, et al. EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: classification, characteristics and resistance to third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Review). Oncol Lett, 2025, 30(2): 375.
21.	de Marinis F, Kim TM, Bonanno L, et al. Savolitinib plus osimertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer with MET overexpression and/or amplification following disease progression on osimertinib: primary results from the phase ⅡSAVANNAH study. Ann Oncol, 2025, 36(8): 920-933.
22.	Addagalla SSKR, Shah A, Menon NS, et al. Pattern of resistance on first-line EGFR-directed therapy in EGFR-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e20660.
23.	Saavedra O, Kim HR, Shim BY, et al. Combination of bispecific innate cell engager (ICE) AFM24 with atezolizumab in patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR kinase domain mutations (EGFR-mut): initial results from a phase 2a study. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 2610.
24.	Lin J, He Z, Li M, et al. SMET12 and toripalimab combined chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who are treatment-naive or have developed resistance to standard therapy. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8570.
25.	Fang W, Li X, Wang Q, et al. Sacituzumab tirumotecan versus docetaxel for previously treated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 2025, 389: e085680.
26.	Lu K, Zhang M, Wang Q, et al. Nimotuzumab plus chemotherapy in the posterior-line treatment for lung adenocarcinoma with third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e20636.
27.	Zhou C, Zhou F, Wang H, et al. A retrospective study of anlotinib plus third-generation EGFR-TKIs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with gradual or oligo progression after EGFR-TKIs treatment (ALTER-L058). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8600.
28.	Nakagawa K, Garon EB, Seto T, et al. RELAY: final overall survival for erlotinib plus ramucirumab or placebo in untreated, EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol, 2025, 20(4): 487-499.
29.	Hussain A, Aboaid H, Hattin R, et al. Risk of pulmonary toxicities in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with amivantamab: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e24035.
30.	Besse B, Goto K, Wang Y, et al. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC after progression on osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy: results from CHRYSALIS-2 cohort A. J Thorac Oncol, 2025, 20(5): 651-664.
31.	Fang W, Zhao Y, et al. Ivonescimab plus chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR variant: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2024, 332(7): 561-570.
32.	Aboaid H, Hussain A, Hattin R, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with amivantamab: a systematic review and combined meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 12042.
33.	Larijani FA, Bozkurt S, Barnett R, et al. Genomic and circulating tumor DNA landscape in young-onset non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8528.
34.	Lee JB, Choi SJ, Shim HS, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant osimertinib in stage IA to IIIA, EGFR-mutant NSCLC (NORA). J Thorac Oncol, 2025, 20(5): 641-650.
35.	Park S, Kim TM, Han JY, et al. Phase III, randomized study of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with EGFR- or ALK-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (ATTLAS, KCSG-LU19-04). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(11): 1241-1251.
36.	Leighl NB, Akamatsu H, Lim SM, et al. Subcutaneous versus intravenous amivantamab, both in combination with lazertinib, in refractory epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: primary results from the phase Ⅲ PALOMA-3 study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(30): 3593-3605.
37.	Mok T, Nakagawa K, Park K, et al. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: final results of CheckMate 722. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(11): 1252-1264.
38.	Wu YL, Guarneri V, Voon PJ, et al. Tepotinib plus osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer with MET amplification following progression on first-line osimertinib (INSIGHT 2): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2024, 25(8): 989-1002.
39.	Wakelee HA, Felip E, Zhou C, et al. IMpower010: genomic profiling and clinical outcomes with adjuvant atezolizumab in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (eNSCLC). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8022.
40.	Sands J, Ahn MJ, Lisberg A, et al. Datopotamab deruxtecan in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with actionable genomic alterations: results from the phase ⅡTROPION-Lung05 study. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(10): 1254-1265.
41.	Zhang JT, Liu SY, Gao X, et al. Follow-up analysis enhances understanding of molecular residual disease in localized non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 31(7): 1305-1314.
42.	Zhang J, Cai J, Wang H, et al. A randomized phase 3 study of ivonescimab plus chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of metastatic non–small cell lung cancer: HARMONi-3. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): TPS8664.
43.	Wang L, Luo Y, Ren S, et al. A phase 1b study of ivonescimab, a programmed cell death protein-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor bispecific antibody, as first- or second-line therapy for advanced or metastatic immunotherapy-naive NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol, 2024, 19(3): 465-475.
44.	Zhou HQ, Zhang YX, Chen G, et al. Gefitinib (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plus anlotinib (an multikinase inhibitor) for untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (FL-ALTER): a multicenter phase Ⅲ trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1): 215.
45.	Blakely CM, Urisman A, Gubens MA, et al. Neoadjuvant osimertinib for the treatment of stage Ⅰ-ⅢA epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a phase Ⅱ multicenter study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(26): 3105-3114.
46.	Shafi G, Ramesh A, Bhosale B, et al. EGFR missense mutations to predict skeletal metastasis in lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e14541.
47.	Cho BC, Kim DW, Spira AI, et al. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in osimertinib-relapsed EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med, 2023, 29(10): 2577-2585.
48.	Cho BC, Ahn MJ, Kang JH, et al. Lazertinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from LASER301. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(26): 4208-4217.
49.	Weinfeld MS, Liu LC, Boyd AD, et al. Area deprivation index and EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8595.
50.	Lu S, Zhou J, Jian H, et al. Befotertinib (D-0316) versus icotinib as first-line therapy for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Respir Med, 2023, 11(10): 905-915.
51.	Michalski J, Neal JW. Unique mutational landscape and therapeutic implications in non-small cell lung cancer with comorbid fibrotic interstitial lung disease. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8061.

1. Zhou F, Guo H, Xia Y, et al. The changing treatment landscape of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2025, 22(2): 95-116.
2. Zhao S, Cheng Y, Wang Q, et al. Sacituzumab tirumotecan in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with or without EGFR mutations: phase 1/2 and phase 2 trials. Nat Med, 2025, 31(6): 1976-1986.
3. Sun H, Li M, Huang W, et al. Thoracic radiotherapy improves the survival in patients with EGFR-mutated oligo-organ metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, phase Ⅲ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(4): 412-421.
4. Michels SYF, Frank J, Chen Z, et al. EATON: a phase I trial of nazartinib (EGF816) and trametinib in EGFR-mutant (EGFRmut) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8619.
5. Zhou Q, Yu Y, Xing L, et al. First-line zorifertinib for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with central nervous system metastases: the phase 3 EVEREST trial. Med, 2025, 6(1): 100513.
6. Wang SY, Jiang H, Ou W, et al. Adjuvant icotinib of 12 months versus observation as adjuvant therapy for completely resected EGFR-mutated stage ⅠB non-small-cell lung cancer: 5-year update from CORIN (GASTO1003). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16): 8021.
7. Le X, Patel JD, Shum E, et al. A multicenter open-label randomized phase Ⅱ study of osimertinib with and without ramucirumab in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naïve EGFR-mutant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (RAMOSE trial). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(4): 403-411.
8. Miura S, Tanaka H, Misumi T, et al. Pragmatic randomized study of afatinib versus chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutations: ACHILLES/TORG1834. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(18): 2049-2058.
9. Herbst RS, John T, Grohé C, et al. Molecular residual disease analysis of adjuvant osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated stage ⅠB-ⅢA non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Med, 2025, 31(6): 1958-1968.
10. Lu S, Provencio M, Lisberg A, et al. TROPION-Lung14: a phase 3 study of osimertinib; datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) as first-line (1L) treatment for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic (LA/M) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): TPS8647.
11. Li N, Ou W, Cheng C, et al. Adjuvant icotinib for resected EGFR-mutated stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (ICTAN, GASTO1002): a randomized comparison study. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2025, 10(1): 273.
12. Samuel V, Gibson AW, Dean ML, et al. Real-world survival outcomes and adverse events with adjuvant osimertinib in resected EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e20003.
13. Chen HJ, Tu HY, Hu Y, et al. A phase Ⅱ trial of anlotinib plus EGFR-TKIs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with gradual, oligo, or potential progression after EGFR-TKIs treatment (CTONG-1803/ALTER-L001). J Hematol Oncol, 2025, 18(1): 3.
14. Bian D, Ji S, Liu Y, et al. Neoadjuvant aumolertinib for unresectable stage Ⅲ EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a single-arm phase Ⅱtrial. Nat Commun, 2025, 16(1): 3143.
15. Jiang G, Yang X, Xie J, et al. Osimertinib plus anlotinib in patients with untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with concurrent gene alterations: a single-arm, prospective, multicenter phase Ⅱstudy. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8627.
16. Kanda S, Niho S, Kurata T, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ study of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and intercalated platinum-doublet chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation. Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 31(12): 2317-2326.
17. Oh SY, Park S, Lee S, et al. The potential of lazertinib and amivantamab combination therapy as a treatment strategy for uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Cell Rep Med, 2025, 6(2): 101929.
18. Popat S, Januszewski A, O'Brien M, et al. Long term efficacy of first-line afatinib and the clinical utility of ctDNA monitoring in patients with suspected or confirmed EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer who were unsuitable for chemotherapy. Br J Cancer, 2025, 132(3): 245-252.
19. Lim SM, Schalm SS, Lee EJ, et al. BLU-945, a potent and selective next-generation EGFR TKI, has antitumor activity in models of osimertinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol, 2024, 6: 17588359241280689.
20. Tian Z, Cen L, Wei F, et al. EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: classification, characteristics and resistance to third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Review). Oncol Lett, 2025, 30(2): 375.
21. de Marinis F, Kim TM, Bonanno L, et al. Savolitinib plus osimertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer with MET overexpression and/or amplification following disease progression on osimertinib: primary results from the phase ⅡSAVANNAH study. Ann Oncol, 2025, 36(8): 920-933.
22. Addagalla SSKR, Shah A, Menon NS, et al. Pattern of resistance on first-line EGFR-directed therapy in EGFR-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e20660.
23. Saavedra O, Kim HR, Shim BY, et al. Combination of bispecific innate cell engager (ICE) AFM24 with atezolizumab in patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR kinase domain mutations (EGFR-mut): initial results from a phase 2a study. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 2610.
24. Lin J, He Z, Li M, et al. SMET12 and toripalimab combined chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who are treatment-naive or have developed resistance to standard therapy. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8570.
25. Fang W, Li X, Wang Q, et al. Sacituzumab tirumotecan versus docetaxel for previously treated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 2025, 389: e085680.
26. Lu K, Zhang M, Wang Q, et al. Nimotuzumab plus chemotherapy in the posterior-line treatment for lung adenocarcinoma with third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e20636.
27. Zhou C, Zhou F, Wang H, et al. A retrospective study of anlotinib plus third-generation EGFR-TKIs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with gradual or oligo progression after EGFR-TKIs treatment (ALTER-L058). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8600.
28. Nakagawa K, Garon EB, Seto T, et al. RELAY: final overall survival for erlotinib plus ramucirumab or placebo in untreated, EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol, 2025, 20(4): 487-499.
29. Hussain A, Aboaid H, Hattin R, et al. Risk of pulmonary toxicities in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with amivantamab: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e24035.
30. Besse B, Goto K, Wang Y, et al. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC after progression on osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy: results from CHRYSALIS-2 cohort A. J Thorac Oncol, 2025, 20(5): 651-664.
31. Fang W, Zhao Y, et al. Ivonescimab plus chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR variant: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2024, 332(7): 561-570.
32. Aboaid H, Hussain A, Hattin R, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with amivantamab: a systematic review and combined meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 12042.
33. Larijani FA, Bozkurt S, Barnett R, et al. Genomic and circulating tumor DNA landscape in young-onset non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8528.
34. Lee JB, Choi SJ, Shim HS, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant osimertinib in stage IA to IIIA, EGFR-mutant NSCLC (NORA). J Thorac Oncol, 2025, 20(5): 641-650.
35. Park S, Kim TM, Han JY, et al. Phase III, randomized study of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with EGFR- or ALK-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (ATTLAS, KCSG-LU19-04). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(11): 1241-1251.
36. Leighl NB, Akamatsu H, Lim SM, et al. Subcutaneous versus intravenous amivantamab, both in combination with lazertinib, in refractory epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: primary results from the phase Ⅲ PALOMA-3 study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(30): 3593-3605.
37. Mok T, Nakagawa K, Park K, et al. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: final results of CheckMate 722. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(11): 1252-1264.
38. Wu YL, Guarneri V, Voon PJ, et al. Tepotinib plus osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer with MET amplification following progression on first-line osimertinib (INSIGHT 2): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2024, 25(8): 989-1002.
39. Wakelee HA, Felip E, Zhou C, et al. IMpower010: genomic profiling and clinical outcomes with adjuvant atezolizumab in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (eNSCLC). J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8022.
40. Sands J, Ahn MJ, Lisberg A, et al. Datopotamab deruxtecan in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with actionable genomic alterations: results from the phase ⅡTROPION-Lung05 study. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(10): 1254-1265.
41. Zhang JT, Liu SY, Gao X, et al. Follow-up analysis enhances understanding of molecular residual disease in localized non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 2025, 31(7): 1305-1314.
42. Zhang J, Cai J, Wang H, et al. A randomized phase 3 study of ivonescimab plus chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of metastatic non–small cell lung cancer: HARMONi-3. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): TPS8664.
43. Wang L, Luo Y, Ren S, et al. A phase 1b study of ivonescimab, a programmed cell death protein-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor bispecific antibody, as first- or second-line therapy for advanced or metastatic immunotherapy-naive NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol, 2024, 19(3): 465-475.
44. Zhou HQ, Zhang YX, Chen G, et al. Gefitinib (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) plus anlotinib (an multikinase inhibitor) for untreated, EGFR-mutated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (FL-ALTER): a multicenter phase Ⅲ trial. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1): 215.
45. Blakely CM, Urisman A, Gubens MA, et al. Neoadjuvant osimertinib for the treatment of stage Ⅰ-ⅢA epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a phase Ⅱ multicenter study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42(26): 3105-3114.
46. Shafi G, Ramesh A, Bhosale B, et al. EGFR missense mutations to predict skeletal metastasis in lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): e14541.
47. Cho BC, Kim DW, Spira AI, et al. Amivantamab plus lazertinib in osimertinib-relapsed EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 1 trial. Nat Med, 2023, 29(10): 2577-2585.
48. Cho BC, Ahn MJ, Kang JH, et al. Lazertinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results from LASER301. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(26): 4208-4217.
49. Weinfeld MS, Liu LC, Boyd AD, et al. Area deprivation index and EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8595.
50. Lu S, Zhou J, Jian H, et al. Befotertinib (D-0316) versus icotinib as first-line therapy for patients with EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Respir Med, 2023, 11(10): 905-915.
51. Michalski J, Neal JW. Unique mutational landscape and therapeutic implications in non-small cell lung cancer with comorbid fibrotic interstitial lung disease. J Clin Oncol, 2025, 43(16_suppl): 8061.

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