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Experience of Laparoscopic-Assisted Radical Resection of Low Rectal Cancer in 21 Cases

目的　探讨腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除(TME)治疗低位直肠癌的临床应用价值。方法　回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2008年3月期间21例行腹腔镜低位直肠癌手术患者的临床资料。结果　21例手术均成功,无中转开腹，平均手术时间160 min (110～260 min),术中平均失血50 ml (15～150 ml),术后平均住院时间9 d，发生吻合口漏1例，肠梗阻1例，排尿困难1例，术后随访1～14个月(平均9个月)，随访率100%，无其他并发症和肿瘤复发表现。结论　腹腔镜辅助下TME治疗低位直肠癌安全、可行，且创伤小，疼痛轻，恢复快，掌握手术适应证及良好的腹腔镜手术技术和开腹直肠手术经验是手术成功的保证。

Clinical Analysis of Preserving External Sphincter of Anus for 32 Cases of Anus Preservation Operation on Low Position Rectal Cancer

目的:探讨保留肛门外括约肌低位直肠癌保肛手术的应用。方法: 在全直肠系膜切除的基础上,应用国产一次性管状吻合器,对32例低位直肠癌行保留肛门外括约肌超低位结肛吻合,随访12～36个月。回顾性分析其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症、局部复发率。结果: 全组病例术后病理检查无切端癌残留,无大便失禁,无吻合口漏;全组无手术死亡;肿瘤局部复发率9.4%(3/32)。结论: 低位直肠癌保留肛门外括约肌保肛手术,遵循肿瘤根治的原则下,能保留患者正常的肛门排便功能,明显改善该类患者的生活质量。

Comparison and Analysis of Abdominal-Perineal Resection and Sphincter Preservation Operation on Middle to Low Third Rectal Cancer

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore selective criteria of sphincter preservation operation (SPO) for middle to low third rectal cancer, and analyze clinicopathologic parameters resulting in the selective criteria. MethodsTwo hundred and seventynine cases of middle to low third rectal cancer who accepted operative treatment from 1996 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. One hundred and eightyseven rectal tumours were located in 5-10 cm from anus, 92 rectal tumours in below 5 cm from anus. Among them 127 cases were treated by abdominalperineal resection (APR), and 152 cases were treated by SPO in which there were 130 Dixon operations, 12 Bacon operations, and 10 Parks operations. Clinicopathologic parameters and survival rate in APR and SPO groups were compared statistically. ResultsGender, age, size, tumor types, site of tumor, degree of differentiation, infiltrated circumference of intestine, and lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and Dukes stages were not significantly different between APR and SPO groups. SPO performed rate was 54.48% in all. SPO was performed in 48 lower third rectal cancer cases (52.17%, 48/92). Regional recurrence rate was 6.81% （19/279）.Middle survival time was （65.00±6.87）months and 5year survival rate was 63.51% in SPO group. Middle survival time was （52.23±5.63） months and 5year survival rate was 52.50% in APR group. ChiSuqare was 18.14 by Logrank test (P=0.054 1). ConclusionThere is no statistically difference in survival rate between APR and SPO groups.

Double Stapling Technique with Pulling out Through Anal Canal for Anus-Conserving Therapy in Low Rectal Cancer (Report of 23 Cases）

目的　 探讨肛管拖出式双吻合器在超低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法　回顾性总结我院23例超低位直肠癌保肛手术的经验。结果　本组病例利用肛管拖出和双吻合器技术行超低位保肛术均获成功，术后发生吻合口漏1例（4.3%），切口感染2例（8.7%），术后局部复发2例（8.7%），无手术死亡。结论　肛管拖出式双吻合器技术行超低位保肛术是安全可靠的，它可以大大提高超低位直肠癌保肛手术的成功率。

Short Term Efficacy of Total Mesorectal Resection and Intersphincter Resection for Ultra-Low Rectal Cancer and Anorectal Cancer

Objective　To investigate the safety and feasibility of the total mesorectal excision （TME） and intersphincteric resection （ISR） for ultra-low rectal cancer and anal sphincter preservation surgery for anorectal cancer， and to evaluate the short term efficacy and postoperative anal function. Methods　A retrospective analysis of clinical and follow-up data of 86 cases with TME＋ISR for ultra-low rectal cancer and anorectal cancer from January 2009 to December 2010 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were performed. Results　Eighty-six patients were successfully performed the operation， the lower edge of tumor from the anus was 1-5 cm （average 1.63cm）； tumor diameter was 2-7 cm （average 3.4cm）. The tumors were high differentiation in 4 cases， moderately differentiation in 60 cases，and poorly differentiation in 22 cases. The pTNM stages were stageⅠin 12 cases， stageⅡA in 11 cases， stage ⅡB in 15 cases， stage ⅢA in 2 cases， stage ⅢB in 23 cases， stage ⅢC in 16 cases， and stage Ⅳ in 7 cases. There were postoperative anastomotic leakage in 3 cases， perianal infection in 2 cases （1 case received reoperation with permanent colostomy because of pelvic peritoneal infection caused by perianal severe infections）. Anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic stenosis were of 2 cases respectively. Rectovaginal fistula， inflammatory ileus， urinary retention， and abdominal infection were of 1 case respectively. Eighty-six patients were followed-up for 12-24 months， the mean time was 18 months. Liver metastases was found in 1 case in 7 months after operation， 2 cases dead in the 7th month and 12th month after operation respectively. Local recurrence were found in 3 cases （3.5%） in 1 year after operation. The survival rate of 1-year was 97.7% （84/86）. The times of defecation was 1-5 times a day. The Kirwan’s score level on function of control defecation was 1-2 grade. Conclusions　TME＋ISR for low rectal cancer and anorectal cancer is a viable， safe， and radical operation type for preservation of anus. The short term efficacy is satisfactory.

Present Status and Progress of Extralevator Abdominoperineal Excision for Low Rectal Cancer

Cause analysis of colo-anal anastomosis stenosis in patients with low rectal cancer after prophylactic ileostomy under complete laparoscopy

ObjectiveTo explore the causes of colon-anal anastomotic stenosis in patients with low rectal cancer after prophylactic ileostomy under complete laparoscopy. MethodsA total of 194 patients with low rectal cancer who received complete laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer combined with preventive ileostomy in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the study objects, and were divided into non-stenosis group (n=136) and stenosis group (n=58) according to postoperative colon-anal anastomosis stenosis. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the factors affecting postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis, and stepwise regression was used to evaluate the importance of each factor. The risk prediction model of postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis was constructed and evaluated. ResultsIn the stenosis group, the proportion of males, tumor diameter ＞3 cm, NRS2002 score >3 points, manual anastomosis, left colic artery not preserved, anastomotic leakage, pelvic infection and patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were higher than those in the non-stenosis group (P<0.05). The results of univariate logistic analysis showed that female and preserving the left colonic artery were the protective factors for postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis (P<0.05), and the tumor diameter >3 cm, NRS2002 score >3 points, manual anastomosis, anastomotic leakage, pelvic infection, neoadjuvant radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were the risk factors for postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, tumor diameter, NRS 2002 score, anastomotic mode, anastomotic leakage, and pelvic infection were independent influencing factors for postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis (P<0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the top three factors affecting postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis were NRS 2002 score, gender and anastomotic leakage. Multivariate Cox risk proportional model analysis showed that the multivariate model composed of NRS 2002 score, gender and anastomotic leakage had a good consistency in the risk assessment of postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis. Based on this, a risk prediction model for postoperative colon-anal anastomotic stenosis was constructed. The results of strong influence point analysis show that there are no data points in the modeling data that have a strong influence on the model parameter estimation (Cook distance <1). Receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the model had good differentiation ability, the area under curve was 0.917, 95%CI was (0.891, 0.942). The calibration curve was approximately a diagonal line, showing that the model has good predictive power (Brier value was 0.097). The results of the clinical decision curve showed that better clinical benefits can be obtained by using the predictive model to identify the corresponding risk population and implement clinical intervention. ConclusionThe prediction model based on NRS 2002 score, gender and anastomotic fistula can effectively evaluate the risk of colon-anal anastomotic stenosis after preventive ileostomy in patients with low rectal cancer under complete laparoscopy.

凯途双吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的　探讨凯途（CONTOUR）双吻合器在低位直肠癌前切除术中的应用价值。方法　对我院2007年3月至2012年2月期间46例低位直肠癌患者应用凯途双吻合器保肛的治疗经过进行回顾性分析。结果　本组46例患者均一次吻合成功，平均手术时间180min，术中平均出血315mL，吻合口距齿状线距离平均为2.5cm。术后发生吻合口出血1例（2.17%），吻合口漏2例（4.35%），术后直肠阴道瘘1例（2.17%），均经相应治疗而治愈。无吻合口狭窄及死亡病例。术后平均住院时间17.7d。术后平均随访1年均无局部复发及吻合口狭窄，无死亡病例。结论　凯途弧形切割缝合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中有着较大的优势。

Role of Curved-Cutter-Stapler in Anus-Preserving for Low Rectal Cancer

Objective　To evaluate the role of curved-cutter-stapler in anus-preserving for low rectal cancer. Methods　The clinical data of 32 patients with low rectal cancer from June 2007 to December 2008 who received low anterior resection and ultra low anterior resection by using curved-cutter-stapler were reviewed retrospectively. Results　No operation death case, complete cutting and safe closure in all cases, one case was complicated with anastomotic leakage, and one case of rectovaginal fistula. Thirty patients were followed up 4 to 22 months after the operation, with an average time of 12.6 months, no hemorrhea of pelvic cavity and anastomotic stoma or anastomotic stenosis cases. Conclusion　Curved-cutter-stapler has the advantages of complete cutting, safe closure and low complications, and easy being used in anus-preserving operation for low rectal cancer, which can increase the rate of anus-preserving.

Effect of Autonomic Nerve Preservation on Sexual and Urinary Functions in Patients Undergoing Total Mesorectal Excision for Lower Rectal Cancer

Objective　To study the relationship between autonomic nerve preservation and sexual and urinary functions after total mesorectal excision in patients with cancer of the lower rectum, and to explore improved nursing methods for these patients. Methods　Eligible patients with cancer of the lower rectum were non-randomly assigned to either a control group (n=278)or an autonomic nerve-preserving group （n=263）. The recovery time of micturition desire, catherization time, lower urinary tract infection rate, residual urine, severity of urinary disorders and sexual disorders were observed. Results　The recovery time of micturition desire, catherization time, lower urinary tract infection rate, residual urine, severity of urinary disorders and sexual disorders were lower in the autonomic nerve-preserving group than in the control group. (Plt;0.05) . Conclusion　Autonomic nerve preservation radical resection leads to better maintenance of urinary and sexual functions for patients with cancer of the lower rectum. Nursing should be focused on the prevention of urinary tract complications and the rehabilitation of sexual and urinary functions.