迄今,外科手术仍为胃癌的首选治疗手段,随着对既往外科治疗经验教训的不断分析与总结,同时,对肿瘤基础研究的深入以及其他综合治疗方法的进步,胃癌外科治疗已从原来单纯依赖解剖学为手术基础而逐渐发展为以肿瘤生物学行为为基本依据的新理念,使得胃癌的外科手术更趋合理,更符合“个体化”的要求。现谨就目前胃癌外科治疗中常遇见的有关问题进行探讨。
Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of congenital choledochal cysts(CCC) in children. MethodsThe manifestation, auxiliary examination, mode of operation and effect of 42 patients with CCC in children from Jan., 1980 to June, 1999 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The patients with the triad of jaundice, an abdominal mass, and pain was 38.1% among the 42 patients. B-ultrasonic diagnosis was made with a correct diagnostic rate of 95.2%. The effective rate of internal drainage was significantly lower than that of resection of the cyst(χ2=19.36, P＜0.001) while the reoperation rate and incidence of carcinoma of internal drainage were higher than those of resection of the cyst(χ2=11.59, P＜0.001 and χ2=4.97, P＜0.05). Conclusion B-ultrasonic diagnosis is recommended as the first examination method. Internal drainage should be abandoned. Resection of the cyst with Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy is recommended as the treatment of choice on extrahepatic cholangiectasis. Liver transplantation is a reasonable choice to treat the diffuse intrahepatic cholangiectasis.
Fifty three patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis were performed operation, treated surgically, including incision of the pancreatic capsule to release the pancreatic presure, removal of necrotic tissue, and placement of drainage tube around pancreas. Twenty two patients (41.5%) developed postoperative peripancreatic abscess. The average hospitalized days (83.3±25.1 days) of the patients with peripancreatic abscess was longer than those without (22.7±14.7 days) peripancreatic abscess (Ｐ＜0.01). Six cases of 28 (21.4%) patients who had localized or scattered pancreatic necrosis developed peripancreatic abscess, 16 cases of 25 (64.0%) patients who had subtotal or total pancreatic necrosis developed peripancreatic abscess which showed significant difference between two groups (Ｐ＜0.01). Among 21 patients in whom 2 to 4 doublelumened tubes for negative presure drainage were placed,5 cases (23.8%) had peripancreatic abscess but 32 patients with only one tube placed, 17 patients (53.1%) had peripancreatic abscess, the difference between two groups were significant (Ｐ＜0.05). At least 6 patients whose drainage tubes worked badly produced postoperative peripancreatic abscess. These results indicate that the peripancreatic abscess is closely related with the severity of the disease, surgical treatment, and proper postoperative care of the drainage tubes.
目的 探讨创伤性十二指肠三、四段破裂的外科治疗。 方法 回顾性总结分析我院1992～2002年收治的12例创伤性十二指肠三、四段破裂患者的临床资料。 结果 单纯性损伤3例，合并伤9例。行十二指肠单纯修补1例； 行修补或吻合加下移鼻胃管至十二指肠及空肠造口逆行置管引流减压、空肠造瘘(简称三管减压)8例； 行十二指肠空肠Roux-en-Y吻合2例，11例均治愈； 1例合并糖尿病者，因术后并发肠瘘、电解质紊乱及酮症酸中毒死亡。 结论 小肠系膜根部及横结肠系膜根部血肿的探查是发现十二指肠三、四段破裂的关键。十二指肠修补或吻合加三管减压和十二指肠空肠Roux-en-Y 吻合是治疗十二指肠三、四段破裂有效的手术方法。根据伤情选择合理、安全的术式是提高疗效的关键。