ObjectiveTo conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. MethodsWe performed two-sample bidirectional MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The primary analysis method used was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with MR-Egger weighted median as a supplementary analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. ResultsIVW, weighted median, and weighted mode all supported a causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (OR=1.07, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.13, P=0.018), while no association was found between multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the study results were not affected by pleiotropy. ConclusionGenetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis is associated with an elevated risk of developing ulcerative colitis but not Crohn’s disease.
【摘要】 目的 分析合并免疫指标异常的视神经脊髓炎临床特点。 方法 回顾性分析2009年5月-2010年11月收治的62例视神经脊髓炎患者中24例合并免疫指标异常患者的临床资料。24例均为女性，发病年龄14~53岁。对其临床表现、视觉诱发电位、影像学检查结果、免疫检查结果进行分析。 结果 所有患者均有脊髓和视神经同时或先后受累的表现。24例视觉诱发电位检查23例异常。脊髓MRI显示病变集中于颈段、上胸段脊髓。颈段和胸段脊髓同时受累17例，单纯颈段脊髓受损6例，单纯胸段脊髓受损1例。所有患者抗核抗体滴度均≥1∶100，合并抗SSA抗体阳性14例（55.5％），同时合并抗SSB抗体阳性11例（45.8％），合并抗Rib抗体阳性1例，合并抗SCL-70抗体阳性1例，合并抗dsDNA抗体1例。 结论 视神经脊髓炎合并免疫指标异常的患者以女性较为多见，易复发，青壮年患者发病率最高。脊髓MRI示病变集中于颈段、上胸段脊髓，表现为长节段脊髓损害。视神经脊髓炎患者合并结缔组织病的病例较多。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the clinical features of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) combined with abnormal immune parameters. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 24 patients with NMO and abnormal immune parameters among the 62 NMO patients who were admitted into our department between May 2009 and November 2010. All patients were female, aged from 14 to 53 years. We analyzed their clinical manifestations, visual evoked potentials, imaging results, and immunological examinations. Results All patients had simultaneous or successive spinal cord and optic nerve involvement. Twenty-three patients had abnormal visual evoked potential. MRI showed that the lesions focused on the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord. Both cervical and thoracic spinal cord were involved in 17 cases; there were 6 cases of simple cervical spinal cord injury and 1 case of simple thoracic spinal cord damage. Antinuclear antibody titer of all the patients was ≥1∶100. Combined positive anti-SSA antibody occurred in 14 patients (55.5%); Concomitant positive anti-SSB antibodies occurred in 11 patients (45.8%); Combined positive anti-Rib antibodies occurred in 1 patient; Combined positive anti-SCL-70 antibody occurred in 1 patient; and combined positive anti-dsDNA antibodies occurred in 1 patient. Conclusions NMO combined with abnormal immune parameters mainly occurs in female patients, especially in young people. Recurrence rate is high. MRI shows that the lesions focus mainly on the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord, manifesting the characteristic of long segment damage. And NMO is frequently combined with connective tissue disease.
Objective To study the regulations of visual evoked potential(VEP) changes in 30 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods VEP were performed in 30 MS patients,and the results were compared with normal subjects. Results The abnormality rate of VEP were 76.7%. 82.6% of patients with abnormal VEP showed clinical visual symptoms; 17.4% among those patients have no clinical visual symptoms. Conclusion The rate of VEP abnormal in MS patients is more high. It may help more in the diagnosis of MS.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for the design of clinical trials. Because of some practical difficulties, more and more researchers think that the appropriate use of non-randomized controlled trials may make up for the weakness of RCT and will achieve the same research purpose. Therefore, non-RCTs are also very important. Taking studies on multiple sclerosis for example, this article briefly introduces the significance of non-randomized contolled trials.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for improving mental health and social functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2016), CBM and CNKI from inception to May 2016, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) about CBT on mental health and social function in patients with MS. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 11 RCTs involving 1 102 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the HADS scores (depression: MD=-1.28, 95%CI-2.07 to-0.48, P=0.002; anxiety: MD=-1.52, 95%CI-2.99 to-0.06, P=0.04), BDI scores (MD=-9.11, 95% CI-15.82 to-2.40, P=0.008), HRDS scores (MD=-7.23, 95% CI-13.65 to-0.82, P=0.03), Chalder scores (MD=-4.88, 95% CI-6.61 to-3.16, P < 0.000 01), MFIS scores (MD=-2.98, 95% CI-4.52 to-1.44, P=0.000 2) and GHQ-12 scores (MD=-3.61, 95%CI-5.20 to-2.02, P < 0.000 01) in the CBT group were lower than that in the control group. No significant difference was found in WSAS scores (MD=-1.98, 95%CI-4.88 to 0.93, P=0.18) between two groups. ConclusionCBT may be effective for improving the negative mental experience, fatigue and quality of life in MS. No evidence to support CBT has benefits in social functions. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion needs to be verified by more high quality studies.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations, pathological and clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with new lesion in medulla oblongata (MO).MethodsPubMed, EBSCO, and Springer databases between January 1st, 2000 and May 1st, 2018 were searched with the combined keywords of " multiple sclerosis” and " medulla oblongata”. Furthermore, the MS patients’ MRI manifestations, pathological and clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were summarized.ResultsA total of 18 papers were involved, in which 26 patients were included. The lesions in MO were mainly showed by wedge-shape (9/20), and round or oval-shape (9/20) in axial head MRI. Inflammatory cells infiltration and acute demyelination in the new lesions of MO had been displayed by autopsy reports of two MS patients. The new lesions in MO mainly referred to various types of nystagmus (9/26), left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome (LVABS) (8/26), neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) (6/26), and acute heart failure (6/26). Nucleus tracts solitaries (NTS), along with dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and medial reticular formation (MRF), was related to LVABS and NPE. Intercalatus nucleus, Roller nucleus and/or autonomic nerve structure were related to various types of nystagmus.ConclusionsIn axial head MRI, the new MS lesions in MO were mainly wedge-shape and round or oval-shape. Beyond that, the new MS lesions in MO could involve NTS, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, MRF, intercalatus nucleus, Roller nucleus and/or autonomic nerve structure, resulting in special clinical features, such as, nystagmus, LVABS, NPE, and acute heart failure. Corticosteroid is still the main treatment to relieve the clinical manifestations caused by new MS lesions in MO.
ObjectiveTo observe the features of the manifestations of fundus fluorescein angiography （FFA） in multiple sclerosis （MS） and their value in clinical diagnosis.MethodsThe clinical data of 42 patients (84 eyes) with MS diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data included visual acuity, ocular fundus examined by direct ophthalmoscope after mydriasis, FFA, visual field, CSF，visual evoked potential (VEP) and MRI examination.ResultsIn 42 patients (84 eyes),the positive detectable rate of examination of direct ophthalmoscope, CSF, visual field, VEP, and MRI was 36.9%, 21.4%, 71.4%, and 83.3% respectively. Abnormal results of FFA were found in 44 eyes (52.38%), including papillitis in 4 eyes（4.76%）at the early stage with extended physiological scotoma and central scotoma; neuroretinitis in 7 eyes （8.33%）at the medium stage with central or para-central scotoma; optic atrophy in 33 eyes（39.29%） at the late stage with centripetal constriction and even tubular visual field. ConclusionThe main angiographic features of MS are papillitis, neuroretinitis and optic atrophy. The manifestations of FFA combined with the results of examination of CSF，visual field, VEP and MRI is helpful for comprehensive and exact diagnosis of MS.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:300-302)
ObjectiveTo study whether the pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) under different spatial frequency in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is different from normal people. MethodsP-VEP examination under high (15') and low (60') spatial frequency was performed on 18 MS patients (36 eyes) treated in our department from September 2011 to April 2012 and 20 normal volunteers (40 eyes). Then, we analyzed the difference between the two groups under the above-mentioned two kinds of spatial frequency. ResultsThe latency of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency in MS patients was (120.50±13.04) ms which was significantly different from (109.21±5.38) ms of normal volunteers (P < 0.05). The latency of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency in MS patients was (109.57±12.87) ms, which was also significantly different from (103.31±5.45) ms of normal volunteers (P < 0.05). The amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency in MS patients was (9.17±5.69)μV and it was significantly lower than that[(15.69±8.45)μv] of normal volunteers (P < 0.05). The amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency in MS patients was (11.93±16.75)μV and it was not significantly different from normal volunteers[(13.47±9.24μV)]. Based on different corrected vision, the MS patients were divided into two groups (vision≥1.0 and vision < 1.0). For patients with vision≥1.0, the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency was (113.43±8.28) ms and (12.94±5.46)μV; the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency was (111.13±11.50) ms and (11.57±5.60)μV. For patients with vision < 1.0, the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under high spatial frequency was (126.69±13.49) ms and (5.87±3.43)μV; the latency of P100 and the amplitude of P100 of P-VEP under low spatial frequency was (108.26±14.11) ms and (12.24±5.82)μV. There was no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of P100 under low spatial frequency between the two groups with different corrected vision (P > 0.05), but the latency and amplitude of P100 under high spatial frequency were both significantly different between those two groups (P < 0.05). ConclusionsCompared with normal people, MS patients feature latency delay and amplitude reduction of the P-VEP, which was more severe under high spatial frequency. P-VEP under high spatial frequency may become an important evidence to evaluate visual function of MS patients.