Objective To investigate the role of T cell factor-4 (TCF-4) in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Methods Relevant references about TCF-4 and the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, which were published recently domestic and abroad, were collected and reviewed. Results For TCF-4 gene, multiple isoforms are generated by way of alternative splicing, which encode different proteins. TCF-4 protein is sequence-specific DNA binding protein and is incapable of activating or repressing transcription independently, but it can interact with distinct partners to lead to different effects through multiple domains. Conclusion TCF-4 might be viewed as nuclear vehicles targeting other auxiliary proteins to a specific set of promoters and functions as molecular switch during the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Objective To study the relationship between gastrin and c-myc, c-fos expression in colorectal cancerous tissue and the mechanism of gastrin effect on colorectal cancer.Methods The gastrin and c-myc, c-fos expression in 48 cases of colorectal cancerous tissue and canceradjacent mucosa were detected with immunohistochemistry techniques.Results The positive rate of gastrin in colorectal cancerous tissue was 39.58%. The rate of the well differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than that of the poorly differentiated and mucinous adenocarcinoma(P＜0.05). The positive rates of c-myc and c-fos in colorectal cancerous tissue were higher than those in canceradjacent and normal mucosa. The positive rate of c-myc and c-fos in the group with gastrin positive expression were 78.94% and 73.68%, higher than those in the group with negative gastrin expression(37.93% and 31.04%). Conclusion Some of colorectal cancer cells formed and secreted gastrin through autocrine. The increase of cmyc, c-fos etc oncogene expression probably stimulate the cancer cells proliferation.
Objective To investigate the influence of cationic liposomemediated endostatin gene on colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Methods Animal model for colorectal carcinoma liver metastasis were established. The plasmid expressing endostatin genelipofectAMINE were injected in vein. Results After cationic liposomemediated endostatin gene were injected in vein, the incidence of liver metastasis and mean numbers of liver tumors were decreased, survival time of animal was significantly longer. Conclusion Intravenous injection of cationic liposomemediated endostatin gene can control the development of colorectal cancer liver metastasis effectively.
Objective To establish rabbit models of mixture-infectious endophthalmitis induced by exogenous Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methods A total of 84 eyes of 42 New Zealand white albino rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. There were 21 eyes in each group. Rabbit eyes in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml of mix bacterium (2times;104 CFU/ ml, including 103 S. aureus and 103 E. coli), S. aureus (104 CFU/ ml), E. coli (104 CFU/ml), and sterilized saline respectively. The eyes were examined by slit-lamp microscopy, ophthalmoscopy, A/B scan, electroretinography (ERG) and bacterial culture of vitreous humors at the timepoints of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, and 4, 7, 10, 14 days after intravitreal injection. All eyeballs were then enucleated for histopathological examination. Results Various degrees of inflammatory reactions were presented in the 3 experimental groups after the injection, and the development trend of the disease was nearly the same. In group 1 active intraocular inflammation like anterior chamber exudates, started at 12 hours after injection (which was early than that in group 2 and 3), aggravated between 48 and 72 hours, alleviated slowly from 4 to 7 days, and was obviously better after 10 to 14 days while the corneal neovascularization and vitreous gray opacity begun to form. The bacterial culture was positive in group 1 (100％, 6 hours to 14 days after injection), group 2 (100%, 6 hours to 3 days after injection) and group 3 (100% from 6 hours to 7 days, and 67.67% at 14 days after injection). It was negative for group 2 (7 to 14 days after injection) and group 4 (6 hours to 14 days after injection). The amplitude of ERG b wave dissapeard in group 1 to 3, and decreased less than 30% in group 4 from the 48th hour after injection. Histopathological examination revealed that all intraocular structures infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Conclusion Complicated endophthalmitis rabbit models can be successfully established by intravitreal injection with S. aureus and E. coli.
Objective To analyse the causes of missed diagnosis in colorectal cancers and improve the early diagnosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was made to investigate the cause of missed diagnosis in 380 cases suffering from colorectal cancers.Results Of the 1 020 patients treated in our hospital in the past ten years (1984-1993), 380 patients were missed diagnosed, with the missed diagnosis rate of 37.3%. The main causes included: ①lacking attention to the early symptoms of colorectal cancers, neglecting the need to conduct certain tests such digital rectal examination and stool occult blood examination, ②delaying of seeking medical advice on the part of the patients, ③being satisfied with the diagnosis and treatment of benign disease, and ④neglecting certain special tests such as enteroscopy and barium enema examination of colon.Conclusion Routine use of rectal touch, occult blood examination and necessary use of special tests such as enteroscopy, barium enema examination of colon in patients suffering from stool change will increase the rate of accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) in colorectal carcinoma, cancer-adjacent mucosa （2 cm from the nether edge of tumor）, cancerdistant mucosa （5 cm from the nether edge of tumor） and normal colorectal mucosa, and to elucidate their effects on the development of colorectal carcinoma. MethodsThe expressions of MMP2 and CA50 were detected immunohistochemically in 40 cases of colorectal carcinoma, cancer-adjacent mucosa, cancer-distant mucosa and 10 cases of normal colorectal mucosa. Results①The expression intensity and positive rates of MMP-2 and CA50 increased significantly in turn by normal mucosa, cancer-distant mucosa, cancer-adjacent mucosa and colorectal carcinoma. ②The expression of MMP2 was correlated with CA50 in colorectal carcinoma. ③The expression of CA50 in colorectal carcinoma was closely associated with tumor differentiation, and the expression of MMP2 in colorectal carcinoma was closely associated with differentiation and Dukes stages as well. ConclusionOver expression of MMP2 facilitates the malignant progress of colorectal carcinoma; CA50 is a reliable marker of malignance in colorectal carcinoma; CA50 and MMP2 may have synergetic effects on the development of colorectal carcinoma.
目的:探讨青年人大肠癌临床表现、病理特点。方法:回顾性分析四川省成都市第五人民医院普外科1997年7月至2007年12月收治的23例35岁以下青年大肠癌患者临床资料。结果:23例青年大肠癌患者平均年龄24.5岁,男女比例为2.8∶1;病变部位以直肠多见,组织学分型以低分化腺癌与印戒细胞癌最多;Dukes分期:A期1例,B期3例,C期13例,D期6例。结论:青年大肠癌表现为病理分化程度低、Dukes分期晚,更具进展性。提高认识及早期行肠镜检查有助于早期诊断。
目的 总结成人大肠套叠治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析我院1969～1998年收治的83例成人大肠套叠患者的临床资料。结果 经钡灌肠复位6例，手术治疗77例。肿瘤性大肠套叠60.2%，其中恶性肿瘤性套叠占64.0%。恶性肿瘤套叠手术切除5年生存率43.8%。结论 对成人大肠套叠治疗首选手术切除，慎用手术复位，不主张钡灌肠复位。