众所周知，机体存在免疫监视和抗肿瘤免疫功能，是防止肿瘤发生、发展的天然屏障，乳腺癌的发生说明机体免疫系统的监视作用已经失效，乳腺癌的发展提示机体自身的抗肿瘤免疫已不足以阻止肿瘤的生长，这一事实提示人们，在机体发生恶性肿瘤时，自身的防御机能减弱或受到抑制。因此，临床工作者一直不懈努力，探索各种用免疫学原理和技术治疗乳腺癌的方法，以提高临床治疗效果。随着科学技术的发展和进步，有关乳腺癌免疫治疗的基础和临床应用研究发展很快，成为基础研究和临床结合紧密的成功范例之一。各种新的理论、新的技术不断涌现，最新的实验研究成果快速引入临床实践，在很多方面已有明显的突破。目前，乳腺癌的免疫治疗已成为继手术治疗、放射治疗、化疗和内分泌治疗以外的新的有效治疗手段，并将随着研究的深入而起到越来越重要的作用。
Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo review the status and controversy on skinsparing mastectomy (SSM) for breast cancer. MethodsThe pertinent literatures about SSM published recently to comprehend its relevant techniques and improvements in comparison with nonskinsparing mastectomy (NSSM) were analyzed and also the safety of SSM by analyzing the relationships between SSM and ductal carcinoma in situ, restrict nippleareola complex reservation, and postmastectomy radiotherapy were discussed. ResultsSkinsparing mastectomy combined with immediate breast reconstruction is a safe operative modality for T1/T2 tumor without skin adhesion, multicentric tumors, and ductal carcinoma in situ. What is more, it does not defer adjuvant therapy. However, it may be prudent to reserve the nippleareola complex only for peripherally located T1/T2 tumors and some other less serious invasion degree. Since the effect of SSM and immediate breast reconstruction on postmastectomy radiotherapy is confusing, there are still controversies on whether the patients who have already been operated should take radiotherapy. ConclusionSSM is a safe operative modality for selected patients with breast cancer, and delayed reconstruction may be a good choice for patients who would take postmastectomy radiotherapy.