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微创玻璃体切割手术后眼内炎

微创玻璃体切割手术后眼内炎是发生在微创玻璃体视网膜手术后早期出现的感染性眼内炎。巩膜穿刺裂口不闭、低眼压、无眼内填充物、免疫抑制、手术后局部糖皮质激素使用、玻璃体束综合征、手术前准备不足、手术中辅助用药和手术时间长等为其相关的危险因素。致病菌以表皮葡萄球菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌为主。药物治疗目前多选万古霉素和头孢他啶联合用药; 但这两种药物将有可能被利奈唑胺和替考拉宁逐渐取代。再次行玻璃体切割手术是其主要治疗手段。聚维酮碘、眼内灌注液手术前和手术中的合理使用在预防其发生方面有一定作用。

微创玻璃体手术的研究进展

微创玻璃体切割手术（MIV）具有手术损伤小、手术后反应轻、恢复快等优点。但由于手术器械限制、手术并发症等问题，其优势和安全性评价等方面均尚存在争论。随着对MIV实验和临床研究的不断深入，仪器设备的不断改进，25G斜行巩膜穿刺技术、25G和23G联合经结膜免缝合的玻璃体切割手术等新的操作技术已在临床开展，其手术安全性得到一定提高，MIV必将日益成熟。

胸腔镜辅助下主动脉瓣置换术临床分析

目的总结经右胸骨旁第2肋上缘至第3肋下缘斜切口行胸腔镜辅助下主动脉瓣置换术的临床经验。 方法回顾性分析2012年9月至2014年2月上海远大心胸医院腔镜科施行手术治疗38例单纯主动脉瓣病变患者的临床资料，其中男25例、女13例，年龄32～58（46±13）岁。先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形12例，风湿性病变22例，退行性病变4例，均采用全身麻醉双腔气管内插管，股动、静脉插管建立体外循环，经右胸骨旁第2肋上缘至第3肋下缘斜切口行胸腔镜辅助下主动脉瓣置换术。 结果全组患者术后恢复良好，均治愈出院。全组平均手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间分别为（184±28）min、（83±21）min、（58±16）min。术后平均机械通气时间为（8±4）h。术后住ICU时间和住院时间分别为（26±12）h和（8±5）d。术后24 h平均胸腔引流量为（350±296）ml。本组2例患者因主动脉瓣环偏小需延长手术切口以改善手术术野；1例患者术后引流量较多再次开胸止血；术中无中转开胸患者。其他并发症包括切口愈合不良2例（5.3%），胸腔积液及气胸各1例（2.6%）。 结论经右胸骨旁第2肋上缘至第3肋下缘斜切口完成胸腔镜辅助下主动脉瓣置换术术野显露良好，美容效果好，患者术后恢复快，临床可选择性应用。

25G微创玻璃体手术与20G玻璃体手术的临床对比研究

23G微创玻璃体切割手术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的临床观察

Curative effect of mini-incision common vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation on thoracoclumbar fractures without neurological injury

Objective To explore the short-term therapeutic effect of mini-incision common vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation on thoracoclumbar fractures without neurological injury. Methods The data of 61 patients with thoracolumbar fractures without neurological injury treated with mini-incision common vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation (the mini-incision group, n=32) or percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (the percutaneous group, n=29) from February 2014 to January 2016 was retrospectively collected and analyzed. Total incision length, operation time, blood loss, fluoroscopy times, postoperative bed rest time, hospitalization costs, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), vertebral Cobb angle of correction, and accuracy rate of screw placement were compared between the two groups. Results All the patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months with a mean of 13.4 months. There were no complications such as incision infection and neurovascular injury except for 2 screws breakage in one patient in the percutaneous group. In the mini-incision group, the average total incision length was longer than that in the percutaneous group [(7.33±0.53) vs. (6.38±0.44) cm], while the average operation time was shorter than that in the percutaneous group [(62.66±4.75) vs. (72.93±5.09) minutes]; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). In the mini-incision group, the average frequency of fluoroscopy was fewer [(5.63±0.61)vs. (19.07±1.60) times] and the average hospitalization costs was lower [(23.3±1.5) thousand yuan vs. (39.5±1.6) thousand yuan] than those in the than that in the percutaneous group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). No significant difference was found in blood loss, postoperative bed rest time, VAS score, ODI, vertebral Cobb angle of correction, and accuracy rate of screw placement between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Mini-incision common vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation for thoracoclumbar fractures without neurological injury has the advantages of short operation time, less fluoroscopy times, low hospitalization costs and high fixation strength. It may obtain a good short-term effectiveness.

单纯外路睫状体肿瘤切除二例

Suturing pattern of the scleral incision affect the postoperative intraocular pressure after 23G vitrectomy

Objective To observe the relationship between the suturing patterns to close the scleral incision and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy. Methods Eighty eyes of 80 patients with vitreoretinal diseases, who were treated with primary 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy, were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. Patients with poor closed scleral incision which need suturing were excluded from this study. The corrected visual acuity ranged from hand movement to 0.2. The IOP ranged from 7.9 to 19.8 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), with the mean of (13.9plusmn;1.8) mm Hg. The eyes were randomly divided into three groups: group A (20 eyes), suturing all three scleral puncture after vitrectomy; group B (20 eyes), suturing only two upper scleral puncture, but not the lower infusion puncture after vitrectomy; group C (40 eyes), no suturing for all 3 scleral puncture after vitrectomy. All patients underwent 23G vitrectomy only. The corrected visual acuity and IOP were observed after surgery. Results The corrected visual acuity were 0.1 -0.3, 0.2- 0.5, 0.3 -0.8 in one, seven and 14 days after surgery, respectively. No one in group A, B experienced hypotony in one, three, seven and 14 days after surgery. Thirteen (32.5%), five (12.5 %), two eyes (5.0%) in group C experienced hypotony in one, three and seven days after surgery. Seven eyes (17.5%) experienced severe hypotony (＜5 mm Hg) in 14 day after surgery in group C. The difference was statistically significant compared the incidence of hypotony in group C with group A, B respectively at different time points after surgery (chi;2= 16.82,P=0.007). The difference was statistically significant compared the incidence of hypotony in group C at different time points after surgery (chi;2=11.64,P=0.003). The difference was no significant compared the IOP between group A and B at different time points after surgery (F=1.618,P=0.205). Compared the IOP of group C to group A and B, the difference was statistically significant in one and three days after vitrectomy (F=9.351,P=0.000); but not statistically significant in seven and 14 days after vitrectomy(F=0.460,P=0.633). Conclusions Whether or not suturing the scleral punctures is closely related to postoperative hypotony in 23G vitrectomy. Suturing only the two upper scleral punctures can reduce the occurrence of postoperative hypotony.

Effect of Early Minimally Invasive peritoneal Lavage on Inflammation Response in Severe Acute pancreatitis

【摘要】 目的 探讨早期微创腹腔置管灌洗在重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis，SAP）治疗中，对减轻炎性反应的作用。 方法 选择2007年1月-2009年6月收治的SAP患者56例，随机分为早期微创腹腔置管灌洗组（灌洗组，n=28）和常规治疗组（对照组，n=28）；两组同时给予生长抑素，抑酸，抗感染，保持水、电解质及酸碱平衡等综合治疗，灌洗组在常规治疗基础上早期予以微创腹腔置管灌洗。检测两组治疗前及治疗后2、5、7 d C反应蛋白（C-reactrve protein，CRP）、血清肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor α，TNF-α）、 白细胞介素6（interleukin，IL-6）、IL-8水平。 结果 两组治疗前CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05），治疗后2、5、7 d比较差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。 结论 早期微创腹腔置管灌洗操作简便易行、创伤小、疗效佳，对减轻SAP所致的全身炎性反应具有较好效果，是治疗SAP有效方法之一。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of the early minimally invasive peritoneal lavage in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) from Januany 2007 to June 2009. Methods A total of 56 cases of SAP were randomly divided into early minimally invasive peritoneal lavage group (lavage group, n=28) and conventional treatment group (control group, n=28). The patients were given comprehensive treatment, including somatostatin, acid suppression, anti-infection, and maintaining water, electrolyte, and acid alkali balance.In lavage group, the patients were treated with early minimally invasive peritoneal lavage in addition.The levels of C reactive protein(CRP), serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8(IL-8)were detected before and 2, 5, 7 days after tretment. Results There was no significant difference in CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-8 before treament between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). There were significant differences in CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 after treatment between the two groups (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Early minimally invasive peritoneal lavage is a simple, minially invasive, and effective techinique in treating SAP.

New insight into application and function of air or gas for vitreoretinal surgery

At present, tamponade agent which being used in retinal surgery is mainly sterile air, gas and silicone oil. Sterile air is mostly used in the treatment of simple retinal detachment. Gas or silicone oil as tamponade is greatly applied for complicated retinal detachment. In recent years, with the application of micro-invasive vitrectomy under a wide-angle viewing system and perioperative anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, application of intraocular filling materials also has changed. The application of silicone oil is significantly reduced. Percentage rate of gas as tamponade for retinal detachment is reduced. The application of sterile air as tamponade is rising. With selecting indication carefully and picking up the suitable air or gas, doctor will reduce the workload. It will also reduce the social burden and benefit patients.