目的 总结颈动脉损伤患者救治的临床经验。 方法 2003年1月-2006年6月,抢救5例颈动脉损伤患者。男3例,女2例;年龄21~35岁。其中左右颈总动脉各1例,左锁骨下动脉2例,左椎动脉1例。合并损伤:左颈内静脉贯通伤1例,左胸导管及交感神经损伤1例,食道损伤1例,左锁骨骨折1例。受伤至入院时间20 min~3个月。受伤原因:刀刺伤3例,误食缝衣针伴感染1例,车祸伤1例。采用血管吻合修复颈总动脉及椎动脉3根、侧壁修补修复左锁骨下动脉1根、左颈内静脉1根及自体血管移植术修复左锁骨下动脉1根。术中输血量1 000~11 000 mL,平均3 800 mL。 结果 所有患者均抢救成功,伤口Ⅰ期愈合,经1~3年随访,无神经功能障碍。 结论 颈动脉损伤救治成功的关键在于尽早做出诊断,快速有效的急救及选择正确的治疗方法。
ObjectiveTo explore the rescue value of emergency bronchoscopic interventional therapy in patients with malignant airway stenosis and to share the treatment experience. MethodsThe critical patients with malignant airway stenosis who needed urgent bronchoscopic interventional therapy from January, 2007 to January, 2022 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected. The demographic and clinical data of intra-and-post the operation were collected. The rescue value and safety of emergency bronchoscopic intervention in the critical patients with malignant airway stenosis were evaluated, and the rescue process was summarized. ResultsForty-three patients were enrolled in the study, including 26 males and 17 females, with an average age of (61.6±11.4) years, including 20 cases of primary lung cancer and 23 cases of other malignant tumors; The main type of stenosis was endogenous (26 cases, 61.90%), followed by external pressure (12 cases, 28.57%) and mixed (4 cases, 9.52%) type. The stenosis site was almost the central airway (41 cases, 95.35%), and the main anesthesia method was general anesthesia (37 cases, 86.05%); Emergency bronchoscopic interventional therapy included local resection in 27 cases (62.79%), stent implantation in 12 cases (27.91%), exploration in 2 cases (4.65%), tumor biopsy in 1 case (2.33%), and adjustment of stent position in 1 case (2.33%); The dyspnea score and the degree of airway stenosis decreased significantly after interventional therapy (P<0.01); intraoperative complications occured in 21 cases and bleeding (19 cases) was the commonest one, short term postoperative complications occurred in 3 cases, including respiratory depression, glottic edema and airway spasm, respectively. ConclusionsEmergency bronchoscopic interventional therapy can quickly and effectively alleviate the severe airway obstruction caused by malignant tumor, and win time for the follow-up comprehensive treatment of tumor, but it needs close team cooperation and standardized rescue process.