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加强胸外科围手术期气道管理，降低肺癌合并慢性阻塞性肺病患者并发症

One-stop management of lung nodules and lung cancer: From multidisciplinary team to multidisciplinary doctor

In recent years, with the improvement of CT resolution, the reduction of radiation dose, the popularization of lung cancer screening and the enhancement of people's health awareness, the detection rate of lung nodules is higher and higher. Due to the close relationship between lung nodules and lung cancer, more and more attention has been paid to them. Although patients with early and middle stage lung cancer receive complete resection, all postoperative patients are at risk of recurrence and metastasis. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy can improve the survival and reduce the recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the multidisciplinary team, as the best model, provides a standardized and individualized plan for the diagnosis and treatment of lung nodules and lung cancer patients. However, in the clinical practice, the work efficiency of the multidisciplinary team is not high, and the participation rate of patients is low; therefore the multidisciplinary doctor model with thoracic surgeons as the mainstay is a reasonable alternative.

胸外科围手术期气道管理专家共识（2012年版）

Expert Consensus for Image-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Tumors

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，我国每年大约有60万人死于肺癌，因此愈发引起关注。由中华医学会胸心血管外科学会肺癌学组组织，首都医科大学宣武医院胸外科刘宝东起草，支修益组织国内相关专家在2014年10月至2014年11月通过讨论、电子邮件等形式，反复征求参审专家的意见，达成了影像引导射频消融治疗肺部肿瘤的专家共识现已公布，旨在规范操作技术、进行疗效评估、减少并发症和提高治疗效果。

肺叶切除术患者术后肋间神经冷冻止痛与静脉自控镇痛效果的比较

Thulium laser wedge resection under uniportal thoracoscopy in the treatment of small pulmonary nodules: A retrospective cohort study

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of thulium laser wedge resection of the lung under uniportal thoracoscopy with the other two traditional surgical methods (mechanical cutting stapler wedge resection and segmentectomy) in the treatment of small pulmonary nodules.MethodsClinical data of 125 patients with small pulmonary nodules receiving uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery from December 2017 to December 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 33 patients had thulium laser wedge resection (a thulium laser group), including 10 males and 23 females, with an average age of 59.21±11.31 years; 48 patients had mechanical stapling pulmonary wedge resection (a mechanical stapling pulmonary wedge resection group), including 17 males and 31 females, with an average age of 57.27±11.30 years; and 44 patients had pulmonary segmentectomy (a pulmonary segmentectomy group), including 21 males and 23 females, with an average age of 63.00±9.68 years. The surgical margin air leakage, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, drainage days, average daily drainage volume, fever, pain and hospitalization expenses were compared among the three groups. ResultsThe body mass index, gender, smoking history, benign and malignant pathological results, average maximum diameter of lesions and lesion location distribution were not statistically different among the three groups (P>0.05). The average age and the proportion of pleural adhesions in the thulium laser group were not statistically different from those of the other two groups (P>0.05). In the distribution of the number of lesions, the proportion of multiple lesions in the mechanical stapling pulmonary wedge resection group was higher than that of the other two groups, and there was no statistical difference between the other two groups. The intraoperative blood loss in the thulium laser group was less than that of the other two groups (P≤0.05). There was no statistical difference in the classification of surgical margin air leakage or the operation time among the three groups (P>0.05). The proportion of postoperative fever and hospitalization expenses in the thulium laser group were lower or less than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). The length of hospitalization stay and postoperative chest tube placement in the thulium laser group was significantly shorter than that of the pulmonary segmentectomy group (P<0.05), which was not statistically different from the mechanical stapling pulmonary wedge resection group (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the average daily drainage volume or the proportion of pain among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The thulium laser wedge resection under uniportal thoracoscopy is a safe, effective and economical method for the treatment of small pulmonary nodules.

多学科协作促进共识更新——中国胸外科气道管理协作组筹备会议亮点

Distribution and Drugresistance of Pathogens from Lower Respiratory Infections after Thoracotomy

Objective To study the distribution and drugresistance of pathogens isolated from patients who suffered from lower respiratory infections after thoracotomy and provide basis for rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice. Methods A total of 118 patients suffered from lower respiratory infections after thoracotomy in Beijing Lung Cancer Center and the Thoracic Surgery Department of Xuanwu Hospital between January 1,2006 and December 31, 2009. We performed a retrospective study on pathogens from their lower respiratory tract. Of these patients, 89 are male and 29 are female with a mean age of 64.6 years. Sputum specimens were obtained by sterile sputum collectors or bronchofibroscopes, and then were sent to microorganism laboratory immediately. Cytological screening was carried out before specimen inoculation. Bacterial culture, identification and drug sensitivity test were performed with routine methods. Results A total of 201 strains of pathogens from the lower respiratory tract were identified. There were 126(62.7%) strains of gramnegative bacilli, 66(32.8%) strains of grampositive cocci, and 9(4.5%) strains fungi. The four prevalent gramnegative bacilli strains with the highest isolating rate between 2006 and 2009 included 34(27.0%) strains of acinetobacters, 28(22.2%) strains of verdigris Pseudomonas, 19(15.1%) strains of Klebsiellas and 19(15.1%) strains of Escherichia coli. Verdigris Pseudomonas ranked first in isolating rate among prevalent gramnegative bacilli strains from 2006 to 2008, but it was replaced by cinetobacters (9 strains, 40.9%) in 2009. The most prevalent strains of grampositive cocci were staphylococcus aureus (35 strains, 53%) from 2006 to 2009. Gramnegative bacilli were most sensitive to imipenem and no grampositive cocci were resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion Gramnegative bacilli are the most common pathogens in lower respiratory infections after thoracotomy and show extremely high drugresistance rate. Drugresistance monitoring of pathogens should be promoted. It may contribute to rational antimicrobial therapy and effective control of infections.　

Analysis of influencing factors for complications during percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor

ObjectiveTo explore and analyze the related influencing factors for common intraoperative complications during CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019, and analyzed the influencing factors for complications. ResultsA total of 106 patients were enrolled. There were 58 (54.7%) males and 48 (45.3%) females aged 46-81 (68.05±8.05) years. All patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 47.67±16.47 min, and the hospital stay time was 2.45±1.35 d. The main intraoperative complications were pneumothorax (16.0%, 17/106) and intrapulmonary hemorrhage (22.6%, 24/106). Univariate analysis showed that the number of pleural punctures had an impact on the occurrence of pneumothorax (P=0.00). The length of the puncture path (P=0.00), ablation range (P=0.03) and ablation time (P=0.00) had an impact on the occurrence of intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the size of the lesion (OR=17.85, 95%CI 3.41-93.28, P=0.00) and the number of pleural punctures (OR=0.02, 95%CI 0.00-0.11, P=0.00) were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of pneumothorax. The length of the puncture path (OR=15.76, 95%CI 5.34-46.57, P=0.00) was the independent influencing factor for the occurrence of intrapulmonary hemorrhage. ConclusionPercutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumor is safe and with a high success rate, but intraoperative complications are affected by many factors, so the surgeons should be proficient in operating skills to avoid complications.

电视胸腔镜下扩大胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜下扩大胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的特点及围术期管理，总结治疗经验。 方法 重症肌无力患者30例，根据改良Osserman分型，Ⅰ型15例，Ⅱa型10例, Ⅱb型5例。在全身麻醉下施行电视胸腔镜下扩大胸腺切除术，术中打开前上纵隔胸膜，暴露胸腺组织，用锐性和钝性方法游离完整切除胸腺左右叶及心包前脂肪。 结果 全组无手术死亡患者，手术时间60～100min，术中失血量60±20ml，无术中中转开胸止血。术后留置胸腔引流管时间为1～4d。术后病理:单纯胸腺增生19例,合并胸腺瘤11例。术后随访30例，随访时间2个月～3年；术后临床疗效评价:完全缓解8例(26.7%),明显改善9例(30.0%),部分改善8例(26.7%),无变化5例(16.7%),总有效率83.3%(25/30),大部分患者肌无力症状均有不同程度的改善。 结论 重症肌无力合并胸腺增生或胸腺瘤越早期手术治疗效果相对越好，且长期预后也较佳。且创伤小，对患者整体呼吸循环生理功能影响小,但远期疗效还待进一步随访。