In the expert consensus published by the Pediatrics in 2013, it was first proposed that anti-VEGF drugs can be considered for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with stage 3, zone Ⅰ with plus disease. However, there are many problems worth the attention of ophthalmologists, including the advantages and disadvantages of anti-VEGF therapy compared with traditional laser therapy, systemic and ocular complications after anti-VEGF therapy, and what indicators are the end points of anti-VEGF therapy. Combined with this consensus and numerous research findings, we recommend that the first treatment for anti-VEGF or laser therapy should be considered from disease control effects. For the threshold and pre-threshold lesions, the effect of anti-VEGF therapy for zoneⅡ lesions is better than that for zone Ⅰ lesions and the single-time effective rate is high. So, it is suggested that anti-VEGF therapy should be preferred for the first treatment. The choice of repeat treatment should be considered from the final retinal structure and functional prognosis. Laser therapy is advisable for the abnormal vascular regression slower and abnormalities in the posterior pole. It can reduce the number of reexaminations and prolong the interval between re-examinations. However, the premature use of laser has an inevitable effect on peripheral vision field. Excluding the above problems, supplemental therapy can still choose anti-VEGF therapy again. Most of the children with twice anti-VEGF therapy are sufficient to control the disease. Anti-VEGF therapy should be terminated when there are signs such as plus regression, threshold or pre-threshold lesions controlled without recurrence, peripheral vascularization, etc.
Objective To evaluate the effect of the treatment of diode laser for retinopathy of prematuriy (ROP).Methods Six-eight premature infants, with the gestation lt;32 weeks and birth weight lt;1500 g,were examined 6-7 weeks after birth. The infants suffering from threshold ROP were treated by diode laser through a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope within 48 hours after the confirmation of diagnosis, and with the follow-up of 4～6 moths. Retinal detachment was found in 1 eye 1 month after laser treatment, and scleral encircling operation was performed on the eye which was followed up for 3 months after the operation. Cycloplegic refractive examination was performed on the eyes with threshold ROP 4 months postnatally to determine the presence of refractive errors.Results Six infants (1) eyes were diagnosed as with threshold ROP. The average age of the occurrence of threshold ROP were (10±2.89) (ranging from 6 to 14 weeks) weeks postnatally. The successful rate of diode laser treatment was 91.67%. Retina was flat in one eye treated by scleral encircling operation. Refractive errors of the eye treated by scleral encircling operation was -14.5 D, and the median spherical equivalent errors in other 11 eyes was ( -2.89±-1.86) D. Conclusion The treatment of diode laser is effective for threshhold ROP. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：96-98)
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of breastfeeding on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From June 2017 to December 2019, 1256 eyes of 628 premature infants who were born in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital and were screened for ROP were included in the study. Among them, there were in 325 males (650 eyes) and 303 females (606 eyes). According to the feeding situation, premature infants were divided into breastfeeding (research) group and formula feeding (control) group, with 390 cases of 780 eyes and 238 cases of 476 eyes, respectively. The changes in the retina of the fundus of the two groups of premature infants during the observation period were compared. The qualitative data comparison between groups was performed by the χ2 test; the quantitative data comparison was performed by the two independent sample t test.ResultsThe sex ratio of premature infants in the study group and control group (χ2=0.217), birth weight (t=0.728), gestational age at birth (t=0.351), Apgar score at birth (t=0.816), oxygen inhalation time (t=0.427), were compared with the length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (t=1.580), the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Among the 390 cases in the study group, 108 cases (27.7%, 108/390) and 282 cases (72.3%, 282/390) were with or without ROP, respectively; in the 238 cases in the control group, 86 (36.1%, 86/238) were with ROP, 152 (63.9%, 152/238) cases were without ROP. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of ROP between the two groups (χ2=4.934, P=0.026). Among the 108 cases of ROP in the study group, 50 (12.8%, 50/108), 35 (9.0%, 35/108), 23 (5.9%, 23/108) cases were in stage 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among the 86 ROP cases in the control group, stages 1, 2 and 3 were 25 (10.5%, 25/86), 40 (16.8%, 40/86), and 21 (8.8%, 21/86), respectively. In the comparison of ROP staging between the two groups, the difference in stage 1 was not statistically significant (χ2=0.754, P＞0.05), and the difference in stage 2 and above was statistically significant (χ2=11.400, P＜0.05).ConclusionBreastfeeding may reduce the incidence and severity of ROP.
目的:探讨早产儿呼吸暂停相关高危因素,指导临床防治工作。方法:对90例早产儿呼吸暂停进行回顾性分析。结果:胎龄越小,体重越低的早产儿,原发性呼吸暂停发生率越高,随着胎龄增加继发性呼吸暂停发生率亦增加,继发性呼吸暂停与缺氧、低体温、酸中毒、脑损伤、感染等因素有关,生后2～5d为发病高峰期。结论:呼吸暂停与胎龄、体重、缺氧、低体温、低血糖、酸中毒、感染、颅脑损伤等多因素有关。对有相关高危因素早产儿应足够重视,减少呼吸暂停发生。
ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of 27G micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with early intervention failure.MethodsRetrospective case series was performed. Fourteen eyes (11 infants) with ROP who underwent 27G MIVS combined with IVR were included from March 2016 to January 2018 in Shenzhen Eye Hospital. Among them, there were 5 males with 7 eyes, 6 females with 7 eyes. The average gestational age of the infants was 28.12±0.90 weeks; the average birth weight was 1 023.64±200.96 g. Before the early clinical intervention, 1 infant (2 eyes) had ROP in zone Ⅰstage 3 with plus disease, 8 infants (10 eyes) had ROP in zone Ⅱ stage 3 with plus disease, and 2 infants had ROP in aggressive posterior ROP. Six eyes underwent laser photocoagulation, while 8 eyes received laser therapy combined with IVR. Six eyes of stage 4A ROP and 8 eyes in stage 4B. Retinal detachment was detected with a mean of 10.44±9.21 weeks. At the time of surgery, the average post-conceptional age was 48.02±8.09 weeks. All the affected eyes were treated with standard sclera with three incisions 27G MIVS. During the operation, only local vitrectomy was performed to release and clear fibroascular proliferation in the optic disc, anterior macular area and pericristal area. After surgery, 10 mg/ml of ranibizumab 0.03 ml was injected into the vitreous cavity. The average follow-up time was 23.36±8.34 months. The primary objectives were the condition of retinal reset, ROP progression control and complications.ResultsAll patients had uneventful surgeries with an average duration of 32.86±9.35 mins. Of the 14 eyes, 12 eyes (85.71%) were controlled, 8 eyes (57.14%) had a good rearrangement of macular structure, while 4 eyes with macular traction. Two eyes had ROP progression, recurrence of retinal detachment, posterior synechia. Complicated cataract was in 1 eye. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal detachment was in 1 eye after 7 months the operation.Conclusion27G MIVS combined with IVR is a safe and effective treatment for ROP with early clinical intervention failure.
Objective To determine the incidence of and risk fact ors for retino pathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants in Beijing after implementation of the ROP guidelines. Methods The preterm infants with birth weight le; 2000 g or gestational age le; 3 4 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units in 6 hospitals in Beijing from Jan. 1, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2005 were screened. Ophthalmologic examin ations started 3-4 weeks after birth and ROP was classified by the revised Inte r national Classification. Maternal and perinatal risk factors of occurrence of R OP were analyzed. Results In the 639 infants who had been scre ened in the 6 ho spitals, ROP was detected in 69 (10.8%), in whom 23 infants (39 eyes) (3.6%) had type 1 ROP and underwent photocoagulation. The lower the birth weight and small er the gestational age was, the higher the incidence of ROP was. Logistic regres sion analysis indicated that low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of R O P.Conclusion In Beijing the incidence of ROP is 10.8% after i mplementation of the ROP guidelines. Low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxicischem ic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of ROP.
Objective To investigate the effect of inducible nitric oxide synth ase (iNOS) or cyclooxygenase－2 (COX－2) on retinal neovascularization and its possible mechanism in oxygen－induced retinopathy （OIR） mouse model. Methods Retinal neovascularization was induced by oxygen with different concentration. The expression of iNOS, COX－2, matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP－2) and vascular end othelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retinae of experimental animals were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, realtime polymerase chain reaction and western blotting technologies. Results The inhibition of COX－2 or iNOS obviously attenuated retinal neovascularization and decreased the expression of VEGF and MMP－2. The iNOS inhibition decreased COX－2 expression, and vice versa. Conclusions COX－2 and iNOS may play a role in retinal neovascularization in OIR mouse model, which may act by regulating the expression of VEGF and MMP－2.
Objective To determine the effect of methimazole (MMI) on retinal vascular development in neonatal rats, and to investigate the relationship between the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in serum and the development of normal blood vessels and between the concentration of IGF-I and the formation of abnormal blood vessels. Methods There were 75 neonatal SpragueDawley rats in experimental group whose mothers were raised with water with 0.1% MMI at the first day of parturition. Another 50 neonatal rats were in the control group whose mothers were raised with normal water. The rats in the two groups were sub-divided into 4day and 10day subgroup, respectively. The retinal flatmount of the right eyes were stained with adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase); with the paraffin section of the left eyes, the number of nucleolus breaking through retinal inner limiting membrane was counted and the retinal blood vessels were evaluated. Serum IGF-I levels were detected by radioimmunoassay, and the weight of the neonatal rats in each group were observed and recorded. Results The incidence of retinal neovascularization in 10 day MMI group was 27%, and 0% in 4-day MMI group and control group. The serum IGF-I level in 4-day and 10-day MMI group (73.07 ng/ml, 175.13 ng/ml) was obviously lower than which in the 4-day and 10-day control group (168.73 ng/ml,306.38 ng/ml) （P=0.00）. Obvious slow growth of the neonatal rats was found in MMI group compared with which in the control group. Conculsions MMI may inhibit the normal growth of retinal blood vessels and lead neovascularization, which may relate to the initial decrease of the serum IGF-I level. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2007, 23: 198-201)
【摘要】 目的 探讨早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity，ROP）的发生率及危险因素。 方法 收集2007年12月-2008年12月在四川省人民医院、成都市妇幼保健院、成都市妇产科医院住院的85例体重≤2 000 g或有严重疾病的早产儿,自出生后4~6周或矫正胎龄32周开始筛查，至周边视网膜血管化。 结果 85例早产儿中，有9例发生ROP，发病率10.58%。其中出生体重lt;1 500 g的早产儿ROP发病率为17.07%，孕周lt;30周的早产儿ROP发病率为40%。 结论 低体重、胎龄小、吸氧为早产儿发生ROP的重要危险因素；尽早进行眼底筛查是早期发现、诊断及治疗ROP的关键。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the occurrence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A total of 85 premature infants were enrolled from Sichuan provincial people′s hospital, Chengdu maternal and child health hospital, and Chengdu obstetric and gynecology hospital. The infants were born between December 2007 and December 2008, with a birth weight less than 2 000 g. The ocular funds examination was carried out four to six weeks after the birth or at the 32nd week of the corrected gestational age;the infants were followed up until the retina was entirely vascularized. Results ROP was found in 9 of the 85 premature infants, with a percentage of 10.58%. About 17.07% premature infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g and 40% infants with a gestational age shorter than 30 weeks had ROP. Conclusions A lower birth weight, a shorter gestational age and oxygen usage are the risk factors of ROP. It′s important to examine the ocular fundus in premature infants as early as possible so as to identify, diagnose and treat ROP at an early stage.