This article interprets the version 3. 2018 of NCCN guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Compared with the version 9. 2017 of the guidelines, the new version has been updated based on the latest evidence-based evidence, laying the emphasis on genotyping and targeted therapy, and standardizes the principles of pathological evaluation and molecular detection, systematically recommends treatment after resistance to targeted therapy, and specifies the population with driver gene alterations for immunotherapy. All of which could guide clinical practice with higher efficacy more precisely.
The accuracy of the clinical prediction model determines its extrapolation and application value. When the prediction model is applied to a new setting, the differences between the new population and the initially modeled population in terms of study time, population characteristics, region, and other factors could lead to a reduction in its predictive performance. Calibrating or updating the prediction model with appropriate statistical methods is important to improve the accuracy of the prediction model in new populations. The model updating methods mainly include regression coefficients updating, meta-model updating and dynamic model updating. However, due to the limitations of meta-model updating and dynamic model updating in practical applications, the regression coefficient updating method is still the most common method in model updating. This paper introducd several types of model updating methods, the regression coefficients updating methods for two common clinical prediction models based on Logistic regression and Cox regression, and provide corresponding R codes for reference of researchers.
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the latest version 1, 2022 of "NCCN guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of small cell lung cancer" (hereinafter referred to as "guideline"). Based on high-quality evidence-based medicine, this guideline provides references of clinical diagnosis and treatment for clinicians around the world. Compared with the version 3, 2021 of the "guideline", updates and revisions mainly focused on the progress of radiotherapy and systemic treatment. This article will interpret the updated therapy content in this new version of the "guideline".
In order to provide more standardized guidance for the management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China and to achieve the World Health Organization’s goal of “eliminating viral hepatitis as public health threats by the year 2030”, the Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Societies of the Chinese Medical Association organized experts to update the guideline for the prevention and treatment of CHB, emphasizing more extensive screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in the general population and more active antiviral treatment for HBV-infected patients. This article introduced and studied the key update points of the new guideline.
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability for its regeneration and injured tissue repair. This ability depends on the activity and contributions of muscle satellite cells. Proliferating satellite cells, termed myogenic precursor cells or myoblasts, are activated and driven out of their quiescent state upon muscle injury. In this summary, we present a review to summarize the molecular regulation in skeletal satellite cells to light on the satellite cells' self-renewal mechanism.
Upper gastrointestinal tract cancers originating in the esophagus or esophagogastric junction constitute a major global health problem. On February 28, 2023, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the clinical practice guidelines for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer (version 1.2023). This article will interpret the main updates related to the treatment and follow-up in this version compared to the version 5.2022, in order to provide the Chinese clinicians a better basis and reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.
In April 2025, the Breast Cancer Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) formally issued the CSCO Guidelines for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment (2025 Edition). These guidelines, building upon the 2024 edition, adhere to a stringent update protocol that incorporates evidence-based medical research, drug accessibility, and expert consensus, thereby ensuring scientific rigor while improving clinical applicability. This article systematically examines the principal revisions pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer in the latest edition of the guidelines. We provide a comprehensive analysis, integrating the most recent international evidence-based medical findings, with the objective of offering a standardized reference for clinical decision-making.
The Standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) 2015 is a revision of the STARD 2003 on the checklist and flow chart, on the basis of the new evidences of potential bias and applicability, to better guide the application of diagnostic test in clinical practices. Currently, the interpretation and application in China is still based on STARD 2003. This review will describe the application status of the original version and introduce the updated standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies.
Systematic review, a kind of higher-level evidence in evidence-based medicine, has a fully developed method system. However, it has some defects in the updating strategy. The living systematic review can effectively improve the timeliness of system reviews by periodically obtaining clinical evidences and updating the results of systematic reviews in a timely manner. This study briefly introduces the developing, characteristics, conditions, implementation and applications of living systematic reviews.