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容积输液泵在新药Ⅰ期临床试验中的应用及其护理要点

静脉制剂新药的Ⅰ期临床试验对受试者的给药常常有严格的要求，特别是药物代谢动力学研究，要求同批受试者须在相同的规定时间内匀速输入含相同药物剂量、浓度的等量液体，而容积输液泵的应用为试验顺利实施提供了有力的保障。现就2005年1月以来，开展10项运用容积输液泵给药的Ⅰ期药物代谢动力学研究所取得的经验，重点分析Ⅰ期临床试验中容积输液泵的操作方法和运用过程中的护理工作要点。

重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎护理体会

目的总结重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的临床护理方法及疗效。 方法对2008年1月－2013年12月收治的52例重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的护理措施和效果进行回顾性分析。 结果52例患者中治愈34例，好转14例，自动出院2例，死亡2例，治愈好转率92.3%，病死率3.8%。 结论良好的护理措施可改善重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的预后。

经口腔吸入及鼻腔给药人体药物代谢动力学研究实施体会

经口腔吸入及鼻腔给药的药物制剂日趋增多，通常具有血药浓度低，容易发生沾染，药物吸收入血迅速等特点，根据口、鼻腔给药的特点及影响因素，确保给药剂量的标准化，防止药物沾染是实现此类方式给药的重要问题。结合工作实践，现就经口、鼻腔给药制剂人体药物代谢动力学研究过程中的注意事项予以讨论交流，以供参考。

医技专业学生医院感染控制与职业防护试卷评价分析

【摘要】　目的　分析评估四年制医技专业医院感染控制与职业防护考试试卷的质量。　方法　应用相关试卷分析软件，对64名医技专业学生——医院感染控制与职业防护期末考试试卷进行统计分析。　结果　64名学生中，最高分为86.00，最低分为49.50，平均分为67.70，及格率为82.80%；全部学生考试成绩为49.50～86.00（67.69±8.74）分，基本在正常范围；全套试卷全客观题难度为0.69，区分度为0.15；非全客观题难度为0.68，区分度为0.22，信度为0.72。学生考试失分情况为：单项选择题19.90%、是非判析题22.90%、名词解释29.70%、简答题50.00%。　结论　此套试卷质量符合教学大纲要求；客观题比例较大，难度较高；区分度尚可，信度可靠。客观地评价了学生对此课程的掌握程度，但学生分析归纳能力需要加强。【Abstract】　Objective　To examine and evaluate the final test paper of nosocomial infection control and prevention of occupational exposure for four-year medical technology undergraduate students.　Methods　We used paper analysis software to perform statistical analysis for the results of the final test paper of nosocomial infection control and prevention of occupational exposure for 64 students of medical technology.　Results　Of the 64 students, the highest score was 86.00, the lowest score was 49.50, and the average score was 67.70 with a passing rate of 82.80%. The test scores were between 49.50 to 86.00 (67.69±8.74), presenting a normal distribution. The difficulty degree of items with all objective questions was 0.69 with a discrimination of 0.15; and the difficulty degree of other items was 0.68 with a discrimination of 0.22 and a reliability of 0.72. The rates of point loss in the examination were 19.90% for single choice questions, 22.90% for true or false analysis, 29.70% for glossary, and 50.00% for questions demanding for brief answers.　Conclusion　Overall, this set of papers is consistent with national teaching guideline with a large proportion of relatively difficult objective questions. The discrimination and reliability are acceptable in evaluating students’ ability objectively. However, students’ capacity of analyzing and summarizing still needs to be strengthened in the future.

Investigation and Analysis on the Teaching of Hospital Infection Control and Occupational Protection

【摘要】　目的　了解学生对医院感染职业防护的基础知识的认知程度和学习需求。　方法　2010年3月采用自行设计问卷，对参加《医院感染与职业防护》课程学习的医学学生进行摸底调查。　结果　92.73%不知道标准预防措施和锐器伤后的正确处理方法及补救措施；27.27%不知道抽血时应戴手套；25.45%不清楚医务人员“六步洗手法”；90.91%不知晓工作服应交医院统一洗涤。　结论　学生防护知识薄弱，防护行为不全面、不规范。教学应重点帮助学生树立标准预防观念，掌握正确职业防护知识，在临床工作中以避免和减少各种危险因素的侵袭。【Abstract】　Objective　To examine and evaluate the students’ knowledge and needs in studying hospital infection control and occupational protection.　Methods　Using a self-designed questionnaire in March 2010, we did a survey on students who attended the course of hospital infection control and occupational protection.　Results　Among all the students, 92.73% did not know standard prevention measures, and the correct treatment and remedial measures for sharp injuries; 27.27% did not know gloves should be worn at the time of blood drawing; 25.45% did not know the "six-step" hand-washing; and less than one out of ten students used hospital laundry to wash their uniform.　Conclusions　The students have a low level of relevant knowledge on occupational protection, and their protection behaviors were not complete or standard. Therefore, the teaching should help and support students to have a concept of standard prevention, and acquire sound knowledge and behavior of occupational protection in order to avoid and reduce the risk factors from their future clinical practices.

医务人员洗手依从性调查及分析

目的 了解感染性疾病中心医务人员洗手依从性情况并进行分析。 方法 根据世界卫生组织 2009 年颁布的《手卫生技术参考手册》中手卫生的 5 个时刻（接触患者前、无菌操作前、体液暴露后、接触患者后和接触患者周围环境后），自行设计洗手依从性执行情况观察表，应用隐蔽观察法，由经过专业培训的医院感染护士，对洗手依从性进行调查，观察应洗手和实际洗手情况，每个观察对象连续观察 20 min 以上，记录其洗手情况。 结果 传染科医务人员洗手依从性有待提高，其中医生、护士均在接触血液、体液后的洗手依从率较高（医生为 92.31%，护士为 97.22%），两者比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；接触环境后最低（医生为 41.67%，护士为 70.37%），两者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在接触患者前、无菌操作前、接触环境后的观察中，护士的洗手依从率均高于医生，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；虽然接触患者后，护士洗手依从率高于医生，但两者比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在调查的 73 名医务人员的洗手正确率中，副主任医生、主治医生和主管护士均为 100.00%，护师为 91.67%，护士为 77.22%，住院医生为 66.67%，实习医生为 58.33%，实习护士为 50.00%。 结论 医务人员洗手依从性较低，在临床工作中，应加强各级医务人员手卫生相关知识培训，提高洗手依从性及正确性；同时加强管理，端正态度，提高意识，培养慎独精神，从而有效地切断传播途径，最终降低医院感染的发生。

特发性肺纤维化生物标志物的研究进展

Research progress of circular RNA in ocular fundus diseases

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new group of endogenous non-coding RNAs produced by back-splicing, which has multiple molecular functions such as acting as microRNA sponges, regulators of transcription and splicing, adaptors for protein-protein interaction. Recent studies have shown that circRNA play an essential role in development and progression of retinal microvascular dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, eye diseases caused by hyperhomocysteine and ocular malignancy. In pathological conditions, the differential expression of circRNA alters the transcription and translation of corresponding genes, thus changing the activity and function of cells. CircRNA may become a new marker and prognostic indicator of fundus diseases, and its targeted intervention may also become a potential treatment for fundus diseases.

Investigation on Health Education Demands of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the needs for health education in chronic hepatitis B patients, in order to provide a theoretical basis for taking pertinent nursing intervention. MethodsBetween July and December 2011, self-made questionnaires on the needs for health education were used to investigate 70 in-patients with chronic hepatitis B. Meanwhile, factors associated with the needs of health education such as age, education, and the course of the disease were also analyzed. ResultsThe differences in the needs of health education were statistically significant among patients with different cultures, ages, and courses of disease (P<0.01). The needs of health education were correlated with culture, age and courses of disease. ConclusionThere are some deficiencies in the health education for chronic hepatitis B patients. In clinical practice, health education should be multidimensional and continuous based on the age, education degree and the course of the disease.

完全性脊髓损伤患者行脑-脊髓接口植入术的护理一例