Objective To understand the latest research developments of the formation mechanism of psammoma body in human tumors and related issues. Methods Related domestic and foreign literatures were widely referred, analyzed, and reviewed. Results Psammoma body is unique pathological calcification in some tumors, which is arranged in concentric, laminar circles microscopically. Psammoma body is commonly seen in thyroid papillary carcinoma, meningiomas, ovarian serous papillary carcinoma, and so on. Conclusions Although arranged in concentric, laminar circles microscopically in tumor, the formation process of psammoma body is not entirely the same in different tumors. A comprehensive and objective understanding of psammoma body would be useful in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
目的 探讨青少年原发性甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）手术治疗的可行性。方法 本组76例甲亢患者手术麻醉以颈丛神经阻滞加强化为主； 手术方式为甲状腺大部分切除术，切除腺体组织约80%～90%，残留腺体总量约6～8 g。结果 无手术死亡及甲亢危象病例，术后10例（13.2%）发生并发症11例次，经保守治疗后症状消失。术后得到随访（1～15年）的51例患者中有6例于术后5～8年出现甲亢复发，无术后甲状腺功能低下病例。结论 手术治疗青少年甲亢具有快速安全、疗效持久、费用较低、患者愿意接受的特点，临床上是可行的。
【Abstract】Objective To demonstrate the role of p16 protein and Rb protein in the formation and progression and their relationship in thyroid carcinoma. Methods p16 and Rb from 46 patients with thyroid cancer were detected by SP immunohistochemistry. Results In thyroid carcinoma,the p16 positive rate was decreased with the decline of differentiation. There was an inverse correlation between the rates of p16 positive expression and involvement of lymph node,clinical stage and prognosis index.The Rb protein was not present in any cases as a nucleus staining. Conclusion The p16 gene is likely to play an important role in the genesis and malignant progression of thyroid carcinoma,while the Rb gene is not .
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of detecting serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and drainage fluid parathyroid hormone (dPTH) after thyroidectomy in forecasting parathyroid function.MethodsThe clinical data of 95 thyroidectomy patients in the same treatment group from March 2018 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, which in the Department of Thyroid-Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. According to the surgical method, the patients were divided into 3 groups: isthmus and unilateral thyroidectomy (partial resection group, n=33), total thyroidectomy (total resection group, n=33) and total thyroidectomy and central lymph node excision (radical resection group, n=29). The negative pressure drainage tube was placed in the operative area. The iPTH and serum calcium were detected before and the first day after operation. The dPTH was detected in the first day and the second day after operation. Serum calcium, iPTH and dPTH were statistically analyzed.ResultsThere were no significant differences in operative time, hospital stay and blood loss between the total resection group and the radical resection group (P>0.05), but the partial resection group were all less than the other two groups (P<0.01). On the first day after operation, the iPTH in the three groups were lower than that before operation, and the iPTH was significantly decreased in the total resection group and the radical resection group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The dPTH in the three groups were significantly increased on the first and second day after operation (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in serum calcium between the three groups on the first day after operation (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe levels of iPTH, dPTH and serum calcium after thyroidectomy can comprehensively forecast the parathyroid function. Preventive calcium supplementation can reduce the occurrence of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia, which is conducive to the recovery of parathyroid function.
ObjectiveTo summarize the development status, hot spots, and trends of radical thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer in recent 10 years by analyzing the data and atlas of the literatures related to radical thyroidectomy.MethodsLiteratures statistics and analysis technique of CiteSpace5.1 software were used to analyze the literatures related to radical resection of thyroid cancer, which were collected in CNKI database from January 1, 2008 to December 30, 2017, in order to obtain the trend of annual publication volume change, author and keyword clustering, and co-occurrence.ResultsFor the annual volume of articles, 148 articles were published from 2014 to 2017, with the authors clustering to6 groups with frequent frequency. Most of the authors were independent authors. The study focused on differentiated thyroid carcinoma, lymph node dissection and endoscopic surgery, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, postoperative infection, decreased blood calcium, perioperative nursing, and preemptive analgesia. There were 35 keywords with order ≥ 6times, 8 keywords in cluster series, and 13 prominent words in the period from 2008 to 2017.ConclusionsThe literature of radical thyroidectomy developed rapidly from 2014 to 2017. Conducting horizontal joint research, cross-sectoral, cross-disciplinary research, and molecular diagnosis research are the deficiency of current research, and it should become the trend of research development.
Objective To evaluate the markers which contribute to diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid neoplasm. Methods The references about thyroid markers in recent years were reviewed. Results CD26 and galectin-3 could be regarded as a simple, potent markers to differentiate thyroid carcinoma in preoperative diagnosis, CD97 was a specific marker for undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma and its metastasis, CD15 and telomerase could be used in fine-needle aspirate biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid mass, and to improve its diagnostic evaluation, RET/PTC was mainly expressed in thyroid medullary carcinoma, oncofetal fibronectin (oncFN) was specific to papillary and anaplastic carcinoma, thyroid peroxidase was used to identify benign and malignant thyroid tumor. Conclusion Although there are a lot of markers for thyroid neoplasm, but there is no marker which are completely specific to certain histotype of thyroid neoplasm at present.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and diabetes mellitus (DM), and to provide basis for individualized diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe patients who underwent the first thyroid surgery in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1, 2017 to September 15, 2020 and were pathologically diagnosed as PTC were collected. According to the presence or absence of DM, the clinical features were compared.ResultsThere were 2859 patients without DM and 133 patients with DM in 2992 patients. In patients with or without DM, there were no differences in lymph node metastasis, multiple, bilateral tumors, and extrathyroid invasion between the two groups (P>0.05). However, compared with the PTC patients without DM, the proportion of women with DM was lower (58.65% versus 76.71%, P<0.01), the proportions of age >55 years old (92.48% versus 66.32%, P<0.01) and capsule invasion (67.21% versus 63.11%, P=0.04) with DM were higer. After adjusting for age and gender, the multivariate analysis showed that the risks of larger tumor and capsular invasion in the patients with DM was 1.51 times [95%CI (1.06, 2.16), P=0.02] and 1.75 times [95%CI (1.16, 2.64), P<0.01] respectively as compared with in the patients without DM.ConclusionsIn PTC patients with DM, proportion of women is lower, proportions of elderly population (age >55 years old) and patients with capsular invasion are higer, tumor is larger. Therefore, patients with DM must not neglect regular examination of thyroid morphology and function, and PTC patients should also pay attention to control of blood glucose.
Objective To detect the expression of KiSS-1 protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma, and to analyze its significance. Methods Paraffin-embedded specimens of 32 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma and its adjacent cancer tissues were included in this study. Then the expression of KiSS-1 protein was detected by munohistochemistry and its relationship with clinical pathological features was analyzed. Results KiSS-1 protein mainly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The expression of KiSS-1 protein was positive in adjacent tissues, but decreased or absent in cancer tissues in 32 patients. In the latter, there were 11 cases with positive expression (34.4%) and 21 cases with negative expression (65.6%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=31.256, Plt;0.001). The average value of KiSS-1 protein expression represented by absorbance (A) value (119.595 2) in cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (174.805 0), t=34.429, Plt;0.001. The expression of KiSS-1 protein in cancer tissues was not related to patient gender (P=0.618) and age (P=0.061), but except TNM staging (P=0.034). The expression rate of KiSS-1 protein in cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis (4/4, 100%) was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis (7/28, 25.0%)， P=0.003. Conclusion The expression of KiSS-1 protein is decreased or absent in papillary thyroid carcinoma, which may be involved in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis.