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find Keyword "痫性发作" 20 results
  • 癫痫、痫性发作、体育锻炼和运动:ILAE 运动与癫痫工作组的报告

    癫痫患者(People with epilepsy,PWEs)通常被建议不要参与体育运动和锻炼,主要是因为恐惧、过度保护,以及对与此类活动有关的具体利益和风险的无知。现有证据表明,体育锻炼和积极参与体育运动除了有广泛的身体及心理社会效益外,可能会有利于癫痫的控制。国际抗癫痫协会(ILAE)运动与癫痫工作组共同提出的这一共识提供了 PWEs 参与体育活动的一般性指导意见,并提出了不同运动的医疗健康证明的发放建议。如果发生痫性发作,运动会根据潜在的伤害或死亡风险分为三类:第一类,没有重大额外风险的运动;第二类,对 PWEs 有适度风险的运动,但不承担风险;第三类,具有重大风险的运动。在提供 PWEs 是否可以参与具体活动的建议时,应考虑的因素包括体育类型、癫痫发生概率、癫痫类型和严重程度、癫痫的促发因素、平常痫性发作的时间,以及患者接受一定程度风险的态度。由于获得了额外数据,运动与癫痫工作小组将此文件视为一项不断更新的工作。

    Release date:2018-01-20 10:51 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 心因性非痫性发作的精神相关长期预后

    探讨心因性非癫痫性癫痫发作(Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures,PNES)患者的长期心理状态、人格和健康相关生活质量(Health-related quality of life,HRQoL),并确定 PNES 预后的相关预测因子。选取在 Erlangen 癫痫中心的视频脑电图(VEEG)监测过程中被诊断为 PNES 的病例,病程 1~16 年。随访数据为心理症状问卷(贝克抑郁量表-II、症状清单-90-标准、分离症状问卷),人格特质(Freiburg 弗莱堡人格量表-修改版)和 HRQoL(36-项简短健康调查)。共纳入 52 例患者,平均年龄(40.5±14.0)岁,女性 75%,随访(5.3±4.2)年。在过去的 12 个月中,有 19 例(37%)患者 PNES 得到了缓解。持续性 PNES 患者在疾病首次发作(32.9 vs. 22.3 岁,P<0.01)和诊断(40.5 vs. 27.2 岁,P<0.001)时年龄较大,表现出较差的心理状态、较低的外向性人格和较低的生活满意度,同时 HRQoL 较非 PNES 患者更差。PNES 缓解患者在所有方面均处于正常范围内。PNES 的最佳缓解预测指标为发病时年龄较小和人格外向性。持续性 PNES 患者的预后较差,精神病理学指标较高且 HRQoL 较低,但可能因 PNES 的缓解而恢复正常。人格内向性高和年龄较大是持续性 PNES 的危险因素。

    Release date:2020-09-04 03:06 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Ⅲ期临床试验非盲延期阶段联合使用吡仑帕奈的局灶性癫痫患者的四年药物安全性、耐受性及发作结局:307 号研究

    评估 307 号研究(临床试验验证码:NCT00735397)Ⅲ期非盲延期阶段(OLEx)联合使用吡仑帕奈的局灶性癫痫患者的药物安全性、耐受性及痫性发作结局。患者在完成任一 III 期双盲试验后均可进入非盲延期阶段(Open-labelextension,OLEx)。对所有 OLEx 队列中有同样最小吡伦帕奈暴露剂量的局灶性癫痫和继发全面性癫痫(Secondarily generalized seizures,SGS)的患者进行药物安全性及耐受性和痫性发作结局(每 28 d 中位痫性发作减少率、反应率和无发作率)的分析。另外,针对 OLEx 的早期失访进行了额外的敏感性分析。从 1 480 例双盲试验中随机分组的患者共纳入 1 218 例。大部分患者(65.4%~80.9%)仅用吡仑帕奈 12 mg,每日一次,进行治疗,并在相同剂量下完成长期的检测,或是相对基线联合使用少量抗癫痫药物(AEDs)。长期的药物安全性及耐受性结果与双盲研究一致。导致超过 1% 的患者研究中断治疗的紧急不良反应事件(Treatment-emergent adverse events,TEAEs)包括眩晕、易激、疲劳。有临床意义的 TEAEs 稳定期为 4 年。所有队列中患者的痫性发作结局随时间持续改善。对于接受 3 年(n = 436)、4 年(n = 78)药物治疗的患者 28 d 中位痫性发作减少率分别为 62%、70.6%,相应的 50% 反应率为 59.6%、67.9%。最大 28 d 中位痫性发作减少率发生于基线水平的 SGS 患者,接受 3 年(n = 190)、4 年(n = 28)药物治疗分别为 88.0% 和 100.0%。在这些队列中分别有 40.0% 和 53.6% 的患者达到了无 SGS。排除早期失访后的 28 d 中位痫性发作减少率结果类似。长期吡仑帕奈联合用药(≤4 年)不会导致新的药物安全性及耐受性问题,并且可以很大程度地减少痫性发作,特别是基线水平的 SGS 患者。

    Release date:2020-03-20 08:06 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical Value of Video-electroencephalograph for Non-epileptic Seizures Disease in Children

    ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of video-electroencephalograph (VEEG) for non-epileptic seizures disease in children. MethodsThe clinical data of 58 children with non-epileptic seizures (NES) diagnosed by VEEG from October 2010 to November 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsIn 50 out of 58 patients in the process of monitoring,the NES clinical onset was found while no synchronized epileptiform discharges was observed;in five patients with NES combined with epilepsy,no epileptiform discharges was found by VEEG at the clinical onset of NES;there were 3 patients with epileptiform discharges without seizures,who had no history of epilepsy,but non-synchronized clinical nonparoxysmal epileptiform discharges was found by VEEG monitoring. ConclusionVEEG is an effective diagnosis method for NES and seizures in children,which could be regarded as the gold standard for NES diagnosis.

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  • 中低收入国家癫痫过早死亡:国际抗癫痫联盟死亡率专业组系统评价

    为了确定中低收入国家(Low- and middle-income countries,LMICs)癫痫相关的危险因素大小与过早死亡原因,专业组对来自 LMICs(世界银行定义)的死亡率及癫痫相关文献报道进行系统检索,根据代表性,病例、诊断和死亡率的确证度对研究进行评估,并提取癫痫患者中的标准化死亡比(Standardized mortality ratios,SMR)和死亡率数据。研究调查了死亡的危险因素和原因。据估计,在高质量的群体研究中,癫痫患者年死亡率为 19.8/1 000(9.7/1 000~45.1/1 000),加权中位 SMR 为 2.6(1.3~7.2)。而临床队列研究显示的死亡率为 7.1/1 000(1.6/1 000~25.1/1 000),加权中位 SMR 在男性中为 5.0,女性中为 4.5。在儿童和青少年、症状性癫痫或治疗依从性低的患者中发现了相对较高的 SMR。群体研究显示,LMICs 癫痫患者死亡的主要原因中直接归因于癫痫的平均比例死亡比(Proportional mortality ratio,PMR)为 27.3%(5.0%~73.5%)。这些直接原因包括癫痫持续状态(报道的 PMR 为 5.0%~56.5%)和癫痫猝死(Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy,SUDEP)(报道的 PMR 为 1.0%~18.9%),与癫痫相关的间接死亡原因包括溺水、头部创伤和烧伤。LMICs 癫痫患者的早亡率明显高于高收入国家。在 LMICs,死亡率过高可能与患者难以获得医疗资源有关,例如发生癫痫持续状态时,以及包括溺水、头外伤和烧伤在内的可预防死因。这类过高的早亡率可以通过进行关于死亡风险的教育,提高治疗,包括抗癫痫药物治疗的可得性而大大降低。

    Release date:2019-01-19 08:54 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Elevated C-reactive protein levels are associated with a higher risk of post-stroke seizures

    ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the possible association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and post-stroke seizures. MethodsPatients with a first-ever ischemic stroke and no history of epilepsy before stroke who admitted to Western China Hospital were consecutively enrolled in our study. CRP levels were assessed within one week of stroke onset. After a mean follow-up period of 2.5 years, a follow-up assessment was performed to identify post-stroke epilepsy. Logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between CRP levels and post-stroke early-onset seizures or post-stroke epilepsy. ResultsAmong the 1, 116 patients included in our study, 36 (3.2%) patients had post-stroke early-onset seizures and 65 (5.8%) patients had post-stroke epilepsy. Elevated CRP levels were associated with a higher risk of post-stroke early-onset seizures (51.4±49.2 vs 15.9±12.9, P=0.023). This correlation was persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders[OR=1.008, 95%CI (1.003, 1.018); P=0.003]. No association was observed between CRP levels and post-stroke epilepsy. ConclusionsElevated CRP levels may be associated with higher risk of post-stroke seizures. However, because of the observational nature of the study, more studies are needed to confirm the results.

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  • 医疗人员对心因性非痫性发作的观点研究:基于定性与定量研究的系统回顾

    近期一篇关于心因性非痫性发作(Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures,PNES)的系统分析表明,该类患者总是会有不愉快的就医经历,因此详细了解其中相互关系至关重要。文章旨在探究医疗人员对 PNES 的态度与看法。系统性检索截至到 2017 年 11 月前发表在 3 个主要数据库的文章(Web of Science、PubMed、CINAHL),并回顾 1997 年以后发表的定性或定量的方法学研究。基于扎根理论来解释数据,使用 Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 进行质量评价。总共 30 篇独立文章,其中包含了至少 3 900 名专业人员的观点。在分析中出现了 5 个解释性概念:① 不确定性,医疗人员表示他们对 PNES 的许多方面都感到不确定,包括诊断和治疗;② 理解,医疗人员对 PNES 的理解是基于二元论,他们认为 PNES 与心理精神因素的关系极大;③ 挫折感与挑战性,对 PNES 患者的诊断治疗被认为是有挑战性的,并令人感到沮丧的;④ 责任,医疗人员对于“谁应该为 PNES 患者的治疗负责”是有争论的;⑤ 预后与残疾,与癫痫相比,医疗人员普遍认为 PNES 症状相对较轻,致残率也没有癫痫高,并且与自身的自制力有关。尽管有一些医师对 PNES 有较深刻的理解,但是仍有一部分医师的观点需要更新和提高。有一部分研究在调查中是直接询问医师“对 PNES 疾病的观点”,这样的研究存在局限性。此外,有一些学科专业的医师并没有被研究调查(如精神健康专业医师)。研究还表明,对医师们进行 PNES 额外教学训练是有必要的,但同时也需要改变医师们对 PNES 的态度。

    Release date:2019-05-21 08:51 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 作后血氨水平作为惊厥性癫痫发作的生物标志物:一项前瞻性研究

    有报道指出全面性惊厥性癫痫发作(Generalized convulsive seizures,GCS)后出现短暂性高血氨症(Transient hyperammonemia,THA),没有足够的证据证实与癫痫的关系。文章的目的是确定发作后THA是否可以区分不同类型的发作,如使用视频脑电图(VEEG)监测确认脑电变化。在前瞻性队列中,筛选了所有进入癫痫监测单元并同意接受研究的成年患者(> 18岁)。血氨的基础值以及在发作(所有患者)的60 min内、发作后24 h(只要有可能)的血氨水平均被检测。根据VEEG,将患者进行分组,分别为GCS、心因性惊厥性非痫性发作(Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures with convulsions,PNES-C)或局灶性癫痫发作(Focal seizures,FS)。使用描述性统计和参数/非参数方法分析数据。纳入患者78例,13例为GCS、8例为FS、9例为PNES-C。这些组在性别(P=0.04) 和血氨基础值(P=0.02) 方面是不同的,但年龄无差异。三组之间发作后血氨水平较血氨基础值的变化差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。区分GCS与其他组差异的发作后血氨水平ROC曲线下面积为0.88[95%CI (0.69, 0.96)],表明检测血氨水平是一种很好的用来区分GCS与其他发作的试验。血氨水平≥80μmol/L可以准确为80%的患者分类(灵敏度53.9%,特异性100%)。VEEG监测为THA与GCS癫痫发作之间的关联提供了客观证据,并为今后关于确定发作后血氨水平作为GCS的廉价诊断试验作用的研究奠定了基础。

    Release date:2017-07-26 04:06 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Patients with epilepsy who had a first seizure while driving a motor vehicle: a report of five cases

    Objective To preliminarily analyse the phenomenon of the first seizure in patients with epilepsy while driving a motor vehicle, and discuss its harms and possible coping strategies. Methods The first seizure while driving a motor vehicle was investigated among epilepsy patients who attended the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2020 to March 2023. Results A total of five patients had their first seizure while driving a motor vehicle, all causing traffic accidents. One patient had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure with a first epileptic seizure, two had focal seizures with impaired consciousness that progressed to generalized seizures, and two had focal seizures with impaired awareness. One of the patients caused a fatal traffic accident, leading to the death of another person who riding the electric bicycle. In this case, the patient's driving license was revoked. The other four patients continued to drive after the first seizure. One patient terminated driving 5 months after the diagnosis of epilepsy. Two patients drove less since then, and one patient continued driving as before. Two patients experienced seizures again while driving, and one of them coincidentally had his second seizure while driving. Conclusions The first seizure while driving may not be uncommon, reflecting the severity of epilepsy and driving, in which traffic accidents can be fatal. People with epilepsy are currently prohibited from driving in China. After the first seizure, patients should immediately stop driving and go to see an epileptologist, avoiding further endangering themselves and the public.

    Release date:2025-01-11 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Efficacy of low to moderate doses of levetiracetam as initial monotherapy in adult patients with partial epilepsy

    Objective To explore the efficacy of low to moderate doses of levetiracetam in adult patients with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy and possible predictors for poor treatment response. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients treated in West China Hospital from March 2011 to December 2015 whose clinical data were input into the Epilepsy database. Patients with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy and whose initial anti-epileptic drug was levetiracetam were screened out for this study. Their clinical data, especially responses to the treatment of levetiracetam were reviewed. Results Ninety-six patients were included in this study. Seventy-one of them achieved seizure-free for a complete year after initial treatment of levetiracetam. Forty-eight patients (50.0%) achieved seizure-free with levetiracetam monotherapy; 23 patients (24.0%) achieved seizure-free for one year with levetiracetam combination therapy. Sixty-nine (97.2%) of the 71 patients achieved seizure-free with low to moderate doses of levetiracetam (500 to 1 500 mg/day), with or without combination of other antiepileptic drugs. High baseline seizure frequency before initial therapy was an independent predictor of poor levetiracetam response in this multivariate logistic regression mode (P=0.019). Conclusions Low to moderate levetiracetam is both effective and well tolerated in newly diagnosed partial epilepsy patients. High baseline seizure frequency before initial therapy is an independent predictor of poor levetiracetam response.

    Release date:2017-05-18 01:09 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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