目的 总结超声引导下经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)的优、缺点,为临床治疗重症急性胆管炎（SAC）提供参考。方法 回顾性分析我院1994年8月至2008年7月期间对156例老年SAC患者行在超声引导下的PTCD治疗的临床资料。结果 156例行PTCD均获成功,1次穿刺成功140例，其成功率达89.7%（140/156）; 16例首次穿刺失败后再次穿刺均成功。无一例发生腹腔出血、胆汁性腹膜炎等并发症。本组引流效果较好,中毒危象缓解，黄疸减退，肝功能改善。结论 PTCD较外科手术创伤小、操作简单、快速,具有微创的特点,对老年、有严重合并症及复杂疾病不能耐受手术及麻醉的SAC患者，其作为紧急抢救措施切实可行,并为后期施行根治性手术争取了时间。
ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy, sampling satisfaction, and safety of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) for thyroid nodules.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, and CBM were searched to collect the relevant studies on the diagnostic performance, sampling satisfaction, and safety of ultrasound-guided CNB and FNA for thyroid nodules. Revman 5.3 and Stata 15 software were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 24 studies involving 25 388 patients were included. Meta analysis showed that: compared with CNB, FNA had poor diagnostic accuracy ［OR=0.26, 95%CI (0.15, 0.46), P<0.000 01］, poor sampling satisfaction ［OR=0.20, 95%CI (0.12, 0.33), P<0.000 01］, lower incidence of total complications ［OR=0.28, 95%CI (0.16, 0.50), P<0.000 1］, and lower incidence of bleeding after biopsy ［OR=0.62, 95%CI (0.48, 0.81), P=0.000 3］. However, there was no significant difference in the pain score ［WMD=–0.21, 95%CI (–0.57, 0.15), P=0.26］ between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the accuracy of biopsy diagnosis of thyroid nodules with diameter less than 10 mm between the two groups ［OR=0.52, 95%CI (0.15, 1.81), P=0.30］, however, the accuracy of CNB in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules with diameter ≥ 10 mm was still better than FNA ［OR=0.26, 95%CI (0.12, 0.56), P=0.000 5］.ConclusionsCompared with FNA, ultrasound-guided CNB has a certain advantages in sampling satisfaction and the diagnosis accuracy of thyroid nodules with diameter ≥ 10 mm. CNB is better than FNA, but will bring higher risk of complication.
目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(MPCNL)治疗肾结石的疗效。方法：采用MPCNL治疗41例肾结石患者，其中肾石30例(结石直径gt;2.0 cm)，输尿管上段结石11例(结石直径1.0～2.0 cm)；单侧结石37例，双侧结石4例。结果：41例手术均获成功。手术时间45～120 min，平均52.7 min，无一例改开放手术。本组肾结石病例单次结石清除26例(86.7%)，4例残余结石行二期手术取净；输尿管上段单次结石清除率100%。结论：MPCNL 是一种有效的治疗肾结石的方法，并具有创伤小、取石率高、恢复快等优点。
目的 探讨腹部刀刺伤的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性总结分析147例腹部刀刺伤患者的临床资料。结果1 47例患者中，腹腔脏器从伤口脱出43例，其中大网膜脱出39例，小肠脱出1例，胃脱出1例，结肠脱出2例。伴失血性休克28例。全组病例中行剖腹探查手术139例，伤口清创缝合8例； 治愈145例，死亡2例。结论 腹部刀刺伤合并休克，有大网膜及腹腔脏器外脱，腹痛伴腹膜炎体征，诊断性腹腔穿刺阳性均是手术指征。臀部刀刺伤要警惕损伤腹腔脏器。合并胸部伤或发生胸腹联合伤时，除有心脏大血管损伤外，原则上应先剖腹，术前置胸腔引流观察胸腔出血、漏气情况，改善呼吸。
Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage on acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcer in elderly patients. Methods The clinical features, treatments, and the curative effects of 86 elderly cases (≥65 years) of acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcer in our hospital between January 2004 and October 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-one cases were treated by ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage (drainage group), and 65 cases were treated by exploring operation (operation group). Results Drainage group was cured and had no complications. In 15 patients which accepted recheck one month after drainage, gastroscope showed the ulcer healed in 12 cases， and improved in 3 cases. In operation group, 63 cases were cured and 2 cases died. Compared with the drainage group, there was no significant difference in cure rate (Pgt;0.05). However, 11 patients had operative complications in operation group, which was significantly more than that in the drainage group （Plt;0.05）. In 45 patients which accepted recheck one month after operation, gastroscope showed the ulcer healed in 38 cases， and improved in 7 cases. Conclusion For elderly patients with acute perforation of gastroduodenal ulcer， if the patients do not fit for exploring operation， ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage is proved to be a simple, safe, and effective means.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and short-term effectiveness of bilateral percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty through unilateral transverse process-extrapedicular approach for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) of lumbar.MethodsA retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 93 patients with OVCF of lumbar who met the selection criteria between January 2018 and June 2019. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into group A (44 cases, treated with bilateral percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty through unilateral transverse process-extrapedicular approach) and group B [49 cases, treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) via bilateral transpedicle approach]. There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, T value of bone mineral density, injury cause, fractured level, time from injury to operation, comorbidities, and preoperative Cobb angle of injured vertebra, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, bone cement injection amount, and incidence of bone cement leakage were recorded and compared between the two groups; Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae, VAS score, and ODI were measured before operation, at 2 days and 1 year after operation. The contralateral distribution ratio of bone cement was calculated according to the anteroposterior X-ray film at 2 days after operation.ResultsThe operation time and the intraoperative fluoroscopy times in group A were significantly less than those in group B (P<0.05). There was no bone cement adverse reactions, cardiac and cerebrovascular adverse events, and no complications such as puncture needles erroneously inserted into the spinal canal and nerve injuries occurred in the two groups. Bone cement leakage occurred in 6 cases and 8 cases in groups A and B, respectively, all of which were asymptomatic paravertebral or intervertebral leakage, and no intraspinal leakage occurred; the bone cement injection amount and incidence of bone cement leakage between the two groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05). The contralateral distribution ratio of bone cement in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (t=2.685, P=0.009). Patients in both groups were followed up 12-20 months, with an average of 15.3 months. The Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae, VAS score, and ODI in the two groups were significantly improved at 2 days after operation, however, the Cobb angle of the injured vertebra at 1 year after operation was significantly lost when compared with the 2 days after operation, the VAS score and ODI at 1 year after operation were significantly further improved when compared with the 2 days after operation, the differences were all significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae, VAS score, and ODI between the two groups at each time point after operation (P>0.05).ConclusionBilateral percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty through unilateral transverse process-extrapedicular approach is comparable to bilateral PKP in short-term effectiveness with regard to fracture reduction, reduction maintenance, pain relief, and functional improvement. It has great advantages in reducing operation time and radiation exposure, although it is inferior in bone cement distribution.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous puncture of thoracolumbar vertebral pedicle assisted by mixed reality technology based on multi-point registration algorithm. Methods The operator used two methods, namely MR-assisted puncture (a self-developed MR calibration method based on multi-point registration algorithm combined with MR head mounted equipment) and manual puncture, to perform percutaneous puncture of the thoracolumbar pedicle on the spinal prosthesis model. The distance between the first blind puncture point and the preset nail center point, and single registration and puncture time were compared among different puncture methods. Results Four operators completed a total of 48 MR-assisted punctures and 48 manual punctures. The deviation distance of MR-assisted puncture [(1.69±0.29) vs. (4.99±2.06) mm], registration and puncture time [(131.41±5.35) vs. (475.98±65.26) s] were all better than manual puncture (P<0.05). Conclusion The prosthetic model data shows that MR technology-assisted puncture based on multi-point registration algorithm can improve the accuracy and efficiency of percutaneous puncture of thoracolumbar vertebral pedicle compared to traditional manual puncture.