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Causal association between gut microbiota and tic disorder: a Mendelian randomization study

Objective To analyze the causal relationship between gut microbiota and tic disorder based on Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods A total of 196 known microbiota (9 phyla, 16 classes, 20 orders, 32 families, and 119 genera) in the human intestinal microbiota dataset downloaded from the MiBioGen database were selected as the exposure factors, and the dataset of tic disorder (finn-b-KRA_PSY_TIC) containing 172 patients and 218620 controls was downloaded from the genome-wide association study database as the outcome variable. Inverse variance weighted was used as the main analysis method, and the causal relationship between gut microbiota and tic disorder was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Horizontal pleiotropy was tested by MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO global test, heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q test, and sensitivity analysis was performed by leave-one-out method. Results Inverse variance weighted results showed that the Family Rhodospirillaceae [OR=0.398, 95%CI (0.191, 0.831), P=0.014], Order Rhodospirillales [OR=0.349, 95%CI (0.164, 0.743), P=0.006], and Parasutterella [OR=0.392, 95%CI (0.171, 0.898), P=0.027] had negative causal relationships with tic disorder. The Genus Lachnospira [OR=8.784, 95%CI (1.160, 66.496), P=0.035] and Candidatus Soleaferrea [OR=2.572, 95%CI (1.161, 5.695), P=0.020] had positive causal relationships with tic disorder. In addition, MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO global test showed no horizontal pleiotropy, Cochran’s Q test showed no heterogeneity, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed the results were stable. Conclusions A causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and tic disorder. The Family Rhodospirillaceae, Order Rhodospirillales, and Parasutterella are associated with a decreased risk of tic disorder, while the Genus Lachnospira and Candidatus Soleaverea can increase the risk of tic disorder.

中西医结合治疗化疗致胃肠道反应的疗效观察及护理

目的:观察中西医结合治疗化疗致胃肠道反应的疗效及护理。方法: 将进行化疗的恶性肿瘤患者120例随机分为两组:治疗组60例,化疗前使用盐酸格拉司琼、地塞米松静脉注入,并于化疗第1日开始加用中药治疗;对照组60例,化疗前使用盐酸格拉司琼、地塞米松静脉注入。结果:对照组总有效率为66.67%,治疗组总有效率为95%,治疗组高于对照组(Plt;0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗化疗致胃肠道反应具有较好的临床的疗效,值得推广。在护理上应加强饮食指导及宣教,加强恶心、呕吐反应的护理。

Surgical Treatment of 25 Cases with Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

摘要:目的:总结十二指肠间质瘤的诊断及外科手术体会。方法:回顾分析1999年~2008年收治的25例十二指肠间质瘤患者的临床资料。结果:临床表现最多见为黑便(14/25)，其次为右上腹不适(11/25)，腹块被(2/25)，无明显症状者(2/25)。术前诊断采用上消化道钡餐造影、CT、B超、胃镜或十二指肠镜、超声内镜检查。25例均手术治疗,其中胰十二指肠切除6例,局部切除18例,组织活检术+胃肠吻合1例。术后随访5~96个月,1、3、5年生存率为95.4%、85.5%和67.3%。结论:综合CT、胃肠道钡餐造影、消化内镜可使大部分十二指肠间质瘤术前得到确诊。手术方式依据肿瘤部位、大小而定,局部切除应选择正确重建方式。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and surgery treatment of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with GIST from 1999 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The most common symptoms of duodenal GIST were melena(14/25), as well as abdominal pain(11/25),abdominal mass, absence of symptoms(2/25). We performed the diagnosis by upper gastrointestinal radiography, gastroscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography and CT scan. All the 25 patients underwent surgical resection, of which 6 with pancreaticoduodenectomy, 18 with local resection, 1 with tissue biopsy and stomach intestinal anastomosis. With 5 to 96 months followup after operation, 1, 3 and 5year survival rates were 95.4%, 85.5% and 67.3%. Conclusion: Preoperative diagnosis of most of GIST was dependent on CT scan, upper gastrointestinal radiography and gastroscopy. The choices of surgical procedures are mainly determined by the location and size of the tumors, local excision should choose the correct way to rebulid alimentary tract.

急诊内镜下止血夹治疗消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血的疗效

目的 探讨急诊内镜下使用止血夹治疗消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血的疗效。 方法 回顾性分析 2005 年 1 月至 2016 年 12 月期间在笔者所在医院胃肠外科接受内镜下止血的 12 例消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血患者的临床资料。 结果 本组 12 例患者中，10 例患者一次止血成功；2 例出现再次出血，其中 1 例再次内镜下止血成功，1 例胃空肠吻合术后患者止血失败、行手术治疗。所有患者术后均未出现吻合口漏等严重并发症。术后 11 例内镜止血成功患者获访 6～28 个月，中位随访时间 18 个月，随访期间未见再次出血。 结论 急诊内镜下止血夹治疗消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血的操作简单、安全及有效，可作为首选方法在临床上推广应用。

Effect of Lymphatic Duct Ligation and Glutamine Nutrition Intervention on Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury 

Objective To investigate the effect of mesenteric lymphatic duct liagtion and glutamine enteral nutrition on intestine and distant organs in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods Forty male SD rats undergoing gastrostomy were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=8): sham operation group, normal enteral nutrition group, normal enteral nutrition+lymphatic duct ligation group, glutamine group and glutamine+lymphatic duct ligation group. Sham operation group only received laparotomy after 7 days of full diet, the other four groups were subjected to 60 min of intestinal ischemia after 7 days of enteral nutrition, and the two lymphatic duct ligation groups were plus mesenteric lymphatic duct ligation. The original nutrition continued 3 days after reperfusion. Intestinal permeability was detected on day 1 before reperfusion, day 1 and 3 after reperfusion. Intestinal morphology was observed, endotoxin, D-lactate and diamine oxidase levels in serum, and apoptotic index in lung tissue were detected on day 3 after reperfusion. Results The intestinal permeability in each group was significantly increased on day 1 after reperfusion (Plt;0.05), and which in normal enteral nutrition+lymphatic duct ligation group and glutamine+lymphatic duct ligation group were significantly decreased on day 3 after reperfusion (Plt;0.05). The mucosal thickness and villus height of ileum and mucosal thickness of jejunium in glutamine+lymphatic duct ligation group were significantly higher than those in other groups (Plt;0.05), and villus height of ileum in glutamine group was higher than that in normal enteral nutrition group (Plt;0.05); those morphology indexes in normal enteral nutrition+lymphatic duct ligation group were higher than those in normal enteral nutrition group, but there was no statistical signification (Pgt;0.05). Apoptosis index of lung tissue in lymphatic duct ligation groups was significant lower than that in no-ligation groups (Plt;0.05). Levels of endotoxin, D-lactate, and diamine oxidase in lymphatic duct ligation groups had downward trends compared with no-ligation groups, but there was no statistical signification (Pgt;0.05). Conclusions Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury of rats can cause intestinal permeability increase, bacterial endotoxin translocation and systemic inflammatory response. Mesenteric lymphatic duct ligation and glutamine enteral nutrition intervention can weak lung tissue damage, increase thickness of intestinal mucosa, maintain intestinal barrier function, reduce endotoxin translocation and attenuate systemic inflammatory response. Enteral nutrition with glutamine was better than normal enteral nutrition.

SYBR GreenⅠ Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Analysis of Variation of Intestinal Microflora in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Objective To analyze the variation of intestinal microflora in patients with colorectal cancer by SYBR GreenⅠreal-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and reveal the role and significance of intestinal microflora in the colorectal cancer-associated molecular pathogenesis. Methods A set of 16S rRNA gene group of species-specific primers for Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus group, Escherichia coli, and ddl gene-targeted species-specific primers for Enterococcus faecalis and feces Enterococcus were designed. Patients with colorectal cancer (colorectal cancer group, n=30) and healthy volunteers (normal control group, n=30) were included and whose feces were collected to extract bacterial genome DNA. SYBR GreenⅠ real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the five mentioned bacterial amounts. Results Level of Bifidobacterium spp. (4.52±0.49) and Lactobacillus group (5.46±0.12) in colorectal cancer group were significantly lower than those （9.25±0.83 and 7.45±0.37） of normal control group (Plt;0.05), whereas levels of Escherichia coli (5.82±0.47), Enterococcus faecalis (10.6±0.30) and feces Enterococcus (5.74±0.16) in colorectal cancer group were significantly higher than those （4.68±0.32, 4.95±0.24, and 5.03±0.43） of normal control group (Plt;0.05). Conclusions The fecal microflora composition of patients with colorectal cancer is significantly decreased in Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus group, whereas increased in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and feces Enterococcus. These data underline that the occurrence and progress of colorectal cancer may be related to intestinal microflora.

Comparison of Postoperative Complications of Stapled Cases with HandSutured Cases in Gastrointestinal Anastomosis（ Report of 932 Cases）

【摘要】目的比较胃肠机械吻合与传统手工吻合对术后并发症的影响，探讨机械吻合的安全性问题。 方法对我院1999年1月至2003年12月期间收治的932例行Billroth Ⅱ式胃肠吻合术患者的资料进行回顾性分析，了解其术后并发症的发生情况。 结果行机械吻合的392例中出现术后并发症8例（吻合口漏7例，梗阻1例），其发生率为2.04%； 而使用传统手工吻合的540例中出现术后并发症44例（吻合口漏28例，出血4例，梗阻12例），其发生率为8.15%，明显高于前者（P＜0.01）。 结论胃肠机械吻合较传统手工吻合更为安全。

Key Problems on The Surgical Management of Severe Acute Pancreatitis in The PostGuideline Era

超声电导透皮给药对结肠癌患者术后肠功能恢复的影响研究

目的　观察比较超声电导药物透入治疗对结肠癌患者术后肠道功能恢复的影响。 方法　对2010年10月－2011年10月择期行结肠癌根治术的患者100例，按照手术的先后顺序，分为试验组和对照组各50例，对照组行常规治疗和早期康复锻炼，试验组在行常规治疗和早期常规康复锻炼的基础上使用超声电导药物透入治疗2次/d，每次30 min。观察两组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间及术后住院天数。 结果　试验组患者术后首次肛门排气、排便时间早于对照组，术后住院天数短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论　结肠癌患者术后采用超声电导药物透入治疗，可促进患者肠道功能的恢复，加速患者康复。

Research progress on the correlationship between gastroparesis and intestinal flora

Gastroparesis is a gastrointestinal motility disorder that refers to delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Clinical manifestations include postprandial fullness and epigastric discomfort, abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting. According to its etiology, it can be divided into three categories: surgery-related gastroparesis, non-surgery-related gastroparesis and idiopathic gastroparesis. Non-surgery-related gastroparesis is common clinically. At present, the exact pathogenesis of gastroparesis remains to be unclear. The intestinal flora is huge and abundant. It participates in a variety of physiological functions of the host. Studies have confirmed that the intestinal flora is related to perioperative treatment measures, surgical stress, and various system diseases (endocrine and metabolic system diseases, nervous system diseases, and immune system diseases), especially the weakening of gastrointestinal motility, and gastrointestinal motility. Attenuation can further promote the occurrence and development of gastroparesis. Based on the current research, this article reviews the research on the correlation between gastroparesis and intestinal flora.