Objective To understand the latest research developments of the formation mechanism of psammoma body in human tumors and related issues. Methods Related domestic and foreign literatures were widely referred, analyzed, and reviewed. Results Psammoma body is unique pathological calcification in some tumors, which is arranged in concentric, laminar circles microscopically. Psammoma body is commonly seen in thyroid papillary carcinoma, meningiomas, ovarian serous papillary carcinoma, and so on. Conclusions Although arranged in concentric, laminar circles microscopically in tumor, the formation process of psammoma body is not entirely the same in different tumors. A comprehensive and objective understanding of psammoma body would be useful in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
The incidence of tinnitus is very high, which can affect the patient’s attention, emotion and sleep, and even cause serious psychological distress and suicidal tendency. Currently, there is no uniform and objective method for tinnitus detection and therapy, and the mechanism of tinnitus is still unclear. In this study, we first collected the resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data of tinnitus patients and healthy subjects. Then the power spectrum topology diagrams were compared of in the band of δ (0.5–3 Hz), θ (4–7 Hz), α (8–13 Hz), β (14–30 Hz) and γ (31–50 Hz) to explore the central mechanism of tinnitus. A total of 16 tinnitus patients and 16 healthy subjects were recruited to participate in the experiment. The results of resting state EEG experiments found that the spectrum power value of tinnitus patients was higher than that of healthy subjects in all concerned frequency bands. The t-test results showed that the significant difference areas were mainly concentrated in the right temporal lobe of the θ and α band, and the temporal lobe, parietal lobe and forehead area of the β and γ band. In addition, we designed an attention-related task experiment to further study the relationship between tinnitus and attention. The results showed that the classification accuracy of tinnitus patients was significantly lower than that of healthy subjects, and the highest classification accuracies were 80.21% and 88.75%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that tinnitus may cause the decrease of patients’ attention.
Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of arm sling on shoulder subluxation in stroke patients with hemiplegia. METHODS CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, OVID, EBM Reviews, Best Practice, ACP Journal Club, and Practice Guidline were searched from establishment to March 2023. The literature on randomized controlled trials of arm sling on gait or balance in post-stroke patients with hemiplegia were included. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 13 articles were included, including 691 subjects, 343 in the experimental group, and 348 in the control group. The meta-analysis results showed that patients wearing the boom arm were effective in improving the recovery of upper extremity function [mean difference (MD)=8.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.39, 11.60), P＜0.000 01], relieving pain due to shoulder subluxation [MD=−1.13, 95%CI (−1.70, −0.56), P=0.000 1], and enhancement of patients’ quality of life in daily activities [MD=15.07, 95%CI (3.24, 26.90), P=0.01], all of which were superior to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Apnea-Hypopnea Index [MD=−1.86, 95%CI (−3.79, 0.06), P=0.06], 6 min walking test [MD=−0.51, 95%CI (−18.52, 17.49), P=0.96], 10 meter walk time [MD=0.00, 95%CI (−0.06, 0.06), P=0.91], heart rate [MD=−0.22, 95%CI (−5.10, 4.27), P=0.93], and Berg balance scale [MD=−2.53, 95%CI (−8.17, 3.10), P=0.38]. Conclusion The use of arm sling can effectively improve patients’ quality of life, functional recovery of the upper limbs and reduce pain, providing an evidence-based basis for healthcare professionals to treat patients with proven treatment modalities.
ObjectiveVideo electroencephalography (VEEG) monitoring for health education of elderly patients based on a process-based communication model, and explore the impact of this model on the success rate, negative emotions, nursing satisfaction, and active cooperation rate of such patients.MethodsFrom September 2017 to September 2019, 118 patients with suspected epilepsy, encephalitis and other diseases who required VEEG monitoring in Suining Central Hospital were selected for this study (patients aged 61 to 73 years; 54 males and 64 females). Patients were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method, 59 patients in each group.A group received routine nursing, and B group received health education based on the process communication model. The monitoring success rate, negative emotion, active cooperation rate, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe total effective rate in the B group was 86.44%, which was significantly higher than 76.27% in the A group (P<0.05). After nursing intervention, the scores of anxiety and depression in the two groups were significantly decreased, but the decline was greater in the B group (P<0.05). The active cooperation rate and nursing satisfaction of the B group were significantly higher than those of the A group (P<0.05).ConclusionCompared with conventional nursing, health education based on process communication mode can significantly improve the success rate of VEEG monitoring in elderly patients, alleviate the negative emotions of patients, improve the active cooperation rate and nursing satisfaction.
Objective To explore the protective effect of rapamycin on brain tissues injury in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its possible mechanism in experimental rats. Methods Ninety SPF males SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by random envelope opening method: sham operation group (SO group), SAP group, and rapamycin group (RAPA group), then the rats of each group were divided into 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h 3 subgroups by random number table method. Rats in each group underwent laparotomy, the model was prepared by retrograde injection of solutions into biliopancreatic duct, rat of the SO group was injected with 0.9% normal saline (2 mL/kg), rats of the SAP group and the RAPA group were injected with 5% sodium taurocholate solution (2 mL/kg), but rat of the RAPA group was injected with rapamycin (1 mg/kg) at 30 min before narcosis. All survival rats in each subgroup were killed at 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h respectively, then the pancreas and brain tissues of rats were collected, pancreas and brain tissues were stained by hematoxylin-eosin staining, brain tissues were stained by Luxol fast blue additionally, pathological changes of brain tissues were scored under light microscope. The protective effect of rapamycin on brain tissues injury was determined by comparing the differences in the degree of brain tissues among 3 groups. The phosphorylated mammaliantarget of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and phosphorylated ribosomal 40S small subunitS6 protein kinase (p-S6K1) expression levels in brain tissues were detected by Western blot. In addition, the correlations between the expression levels of p-mTOR and p-S6K1 in brain tissues and the degree of brain tissues injury were analyzed to further explore the possible mechanism of rapamycin’s protective effect on brain tissues injury in SAP. Results① At the point of 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, the order of the relative expression levels of p-mTOR and p-S6K1 in brain tissues of three groups were all as follows: the SO group < the RAPA group < the SAP group (P<0.05). ② At the point of 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, the order of brain histological score in three groups were all as follows: the SO group < the RAPA group < the SAP group (P<0.05). ③ The relative expression levels of p-mTOR and p-S6K1 in brain tissues were positively correlated with pathological scores of brain tissues (r=0.99, P<0.01; r=0.97, P<0.01). ConclusionRapamycin plays a protective role in pancreatic brain tissues injure by down-regulating the expression levels of p-mTOR and p-S6K1 in mTOR signaling pathway.
Objective To understand the quality of life of patients with acute mild to moderate ischemic stroke one year after stroke, analyze the factors affecting their quality of life, and provide a scientific basis for improving their health-related quality of life. Methods This study included patients who were diagnosed with acute mild to moderate ischemic stroke between March 2019 and March 2021 in four hospitals in Nanchang. Sociodemographic information and relevant clinical data were collected during hospitalization. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was administered to assess health-related quality of life one year after discharge. The Mann-Whitney U test (for two groups) and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA (for multiple groups) were used to analyze differences in utility scores among various factors. A Tobit regression model was built to investigate the factors influencing quality of life one-year post-stroke. Results A total of 1 181 patients participated in the study, including 791 males (66.98%) and 390 females (33.02%), with an average age of 63.7±10.9 years. Health-related quality of life data collected one year after the stroke revealed that 22.69% of patients experienced pain/discomfort, 17.27% suffered anxiety/depression, 15.66% had mobility issues, 10.33% had difficulties with daily activities, and 8.64% had trouble with self-care. Tobit regression results showed that age (β=−0.263, 95%CI −0.327 to −0.198), gender (β=−0.134, 95%CI −0.189 to −0.080), previous hypertension (β=−0.068, 95%CI −0.120 to −0.016), previous dyslipidemia (β=−0.068, 95%CI −0.126 to −0.011), admission NIHSS score (β=−0.158, 95%CI −0.198 to −0.118), and discharge mRS score (β=−0.193, 95%CI −0.250 to −0.136) were negatively associated with health utility values. Current employment status (β=0.141, 95%CI 0.102 to 0.181) and admission GCS score (β=0.209, 95%CI 0.142 to 0.276) were positively correlated with health utility values. Conclusion One year after an acute mild to moderate ischemic stroke, patients commonly face pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Factors affecting overall quality of life include age, sex, current employment status, previous hypertension, previous dyslipidemia, admission NIHSS score, admission GCS score, and discharge mRS score. Clinically, developing scientifically sound and reasonable rehabilitation plans post-discharge is crucial for improving long-term quality of life.
目的:通过对滑车神经行经小脑幕侧方区域的应用解剖学研究,寻找小脑幕侧方区域手术时避免损伤滑车神经的临床解剖标志。方法:对15例（男10例,女5例）防腐固定无畸形、无病变的成人头颅标本用红色乳胶灌注后,10倍手术显微镜下观察滑车神经在小脑幕侧方区域的行径,及其与周围重要神经、血管结构的毗邻关系,测量滑车神经长度、宽度、厚度及其与周围标志点的距离,并对所得结果进行统计学分析。结果:滑车神经在小脑上动脉和大脑后动脉之间向前行,进入小脑幕侧方区域,在动眼神经三角的后部穿越游离缘硬膜,其长度为（6.78±1.87）mm,宽度为（1.09±0.21）mm,厚度为（0.78±0.11）mm。滑车神经进入小脑幕侧方区域的入口处位于前床突、颈内动脉床突上段起始部、动眼神经入口后方,位于后床突后外方；距离前床突（23.24±3.18）mm、颈内动脉床突上段起始部（17.57±3.26）mm、动眼神经入口（11.42±3.32）mm；距离后床突（14.21±3.25）mm。结论:行小脑幕侧方区域手术时,为避免损伤滑车神经,前床突、后床突、颈内动脉床突上段起始部和动眼神经入口可以作为寻找滑车神经入口的重要标志,同时注意区分小脑上动脉和大脑后动脉。
Objective To investigate the relationship between age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI) and ischemic stroke in patients with ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO) or retinal artery occlusion (RAO). MethodsA single center retrospective cohort study. Seventy-four patients with OAO or RAO diagnosed by ophthalmology examination in Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from June 2004 to December 2020 were included in the study. The baseline information of patients were collected and aCCI was used to score the patients’ comorbidity. The outcome was ischemic stroke. The median duration of follow-up was 1 796.5 days. According to the maximum likelihood ratio of the two-piecewise COX regression model and the recursive algorithm, the aCCI inflection point value was determined to be 6, and the patients were divided into low aCCI group (＜6 points) and high aCCI group (≥6 points). A Cox regression model was used to quantify the association between baseline aCCI and ischemic stroke. ResultsAmong the 74 patients, 53 were males and 21 were females, with the mean age of (55.22±14.18) (19-84) years. There were 9 patients of OAO and 65 patients of RAO. The aCCI value ranges from 1 to 10 points, with a median of 3 points. There were 63 patients (85.14%, 63/74) in the low aCCI group and 11 patients (14.86%, 11/74) in the high aCCI group. Since 2 patients could not determine the time from baseline to the occurrence of outcome events, 72 patients were included for Cox regression analysis. The results showed that 16 patients (22.22%, 16/72) had ischemic stroke in the future. The baseline aCCI in the low aCCI group was significantly associated with ischemic stroke [hazard ratio (HR)=1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.56, P=0.003], and for every 1 point increase in baseline aCCI, the risk of future ischemic stroke increased by 76% on average. The baseline aCCI in the high aCCI group had no significant correlation with the ischemic stroke (HR=0.66, 95%CI 0.33-1.33, P=0.247). ConclusionsaCCI score is an important prognostic information for patients with OAO or RAO. A higher baseline aCCI score predicts a higher risk of ischemic stroke, and the association has a saturation effect.