Exercise intervention is an important non-pharmacological intervention for various diseases, and establishing precise exercise load assessment techniques can improve the quality of exercise intervention and the efficiency of disease prevention and control. Based on data collection from wearable devices, this study conducts nonlinear optimization and empirical verification of the original "Fitness-Fatigue Model". By constructing a time-varying attenuation function and specific coefficients, this study develops an optimized mathematical model that reflects the nonlinear characteristics of training responses. Thirteen participants underwent 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous cycling, three times per week. For each training session, external load (actual work done) and internal load (heart rate variability index) data were collected for each individual to conduct a performance comparison between the optimized model and the original model. The results show that the optimized model demonstrates a significantly improved overall goodness of fit and superior predictive ability. In summary, the findings of this study can support dynamic adjustments to participants' training programs and aid in the prevention and control of chronic diseases.
Objective To summarize the evaluation methods of return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in recent years, in order to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods The literature related to the RTS after ACLR was searched from CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Foreign Medical Information Resources Retrieval Platform (FMRS) databases. The retrieval range was from 2010 to 2023, and 66 papers were finally included for review. The relevant literature was summarized and analyzed from the aspects of RTS time, objective evaluation indicators, and psychological evaluation. Results RTS is the common desire of patients with ACL injury and doctors, as well as the initial intention of selecting surgery. A reasonable and perfect evaluation method of RTS can not only help patients recover to preoperative exercise level, but also protect patients from re-injury. At present, the main criterion for clinical judgement of RTS is time. It is basically agreed that RTS after 9 months can reduce the re-injury. In addition to time, it is also necessary to test the lower limb muscle strength, jumping, balance, and other aspects of the patient, comprehensively assess the degree of functional recovery and determine the different time of RTS according to the type of exercise. Psychological assessment plays an important role in RTS and has a good clinical predictive effect. ConclusionRTS is one of the research hotspots after ACLR. At present, there are many related evaluation methods, which need to be further optimized by more research to build a comprehensive and standardized evaluation system.
OBJECTIVE Following the delayed repair of peripheral nerve injury, the cell number of anterior horn of the spinal cord and its ultrastructural changes, motorneuron and its electrophysiological changes were investigated. METHODS In 16 rabbits the common peroneal nerves of both sides being transected one year later were divided into four groups randomly: the degeneration group and regeneration of 1, 3 and 5 months groups. Another 4 rabbits were used for control. All transected common peroneal nerves underwent epineural suture except for the degeneration group the electrophysiological examination was carried out at 1, 3 and 5 months postoperatively. Retrograde labelling of the anterior horn cells was demonstrated and the cells were observed under light and electronmicroscope. RESULTS 1. The number of labelled anterior horn cell in the spinal cord was 45% of the normal population after denervation for one year (P lt; 0.01). The number of labelled cells increased steadily from 48% to 57% and 68% of normal values at 1, 3 and 5 months following delayed nerve repair (P lt; 0.01). 2. The ultrastructure of the anterior horn cells of the recover gradually after repair. 3. With the progress of regeneration the latency become shortened, the conduction velocity was increased, the amplitude of action potential was increased. CONCLUSION Following delayed repair of injury of peripheral nerve, the morphology of anterior horn cells of spinal cord and electrophysiological display all revealed evidence of regeneration, thus the late repair of injury of peripheral nerve was valid.
ObjectiveTo study the clinical significance of the 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBADH) expressions in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and its biological function in gastric cancer cells.MethodsSeventy-six patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who were hospitalized in Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine between January 2006 and December 2007 were recruited in our research. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect the HIBADH protein in primary gastric adenocarcinoma tissues, adjacent tissues, and metastatic lymph node tissues of gastric cancer. Then, the relationships among the expression of HIBADH protein, the clinical features, and the prognosis were analyzed. The MKN45 gastric cancer cell line of HIBADH overexpression was picked up and constructed as stable HIBADH knockdown cell lines. The biological function of HIBADH protein in gastric cancer cells was confirmed through in vitro experiments such as cell proliferation assay, migration and invasion assay, and scratch-wound assay.ResultsThe positive expression rate of HIBADH protein in the 76 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues (χ2=54.738, P<0.001). Moreover, the higher expression level of HIBADH protein was related to the larger tumor diameter, the higher tumor lymphatic invasion rate, the later pT stage, the higher the lymph node metastasis rate, and the later pTNM stage (P<0.05). HIBADH protein was also highly expressed in lymph nodes with metastatic carcinoma, and positiverate was 100% (48/48). The 10-year survival rate of patients in the HIBADH protein positive group and HIBADH protein negative group were 16.4% and 69.4%, respectively, which showed the latter group had a longer survival time (χ2=19.612, P<0.001). The migration capacity, invasion capacity, and scratch-wound capacity of the MKN45 cells were significantly decreased after HIBADH protein knockdown (P<0.05), but the proliferation capacity of the cells was not significantly changed (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe overexpression of HIBADH protein in gastric cancer suggests later tumor stage and poor prognosis. Inhibition expression of HIBADH protein can reduce the motility capacity of gastric cancer cells.
Objective To investigate the development trajectories of kinesiophobia and their influencing factors in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Patients after THA from three tertiary hospitals in Wuhan from February to June 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method. The general situation questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE), Groningen Orthopaedic Social Support Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were distributed 1-2 d after surgery (T1), which were used again 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), and 3 months (T4) after surgery, to evaluate the level of kinesiophobia and the physical and psychological conditions of the patients. The latent category growth model was used to classify the kinesiophobia trajectories of patients after THA, and the influencing factors of different categories of kinesiophobia trajectories were analyzed. Results A total of 263 patients after THA were included. The kinesiophobia trajectories of patients after THA were divided into four potential categories, including 29 cases in the C1 high kinesiophobia persistent group, 41 cases in the C2 medium kinesiophobia improvement group, 131 cases in the C3 low kinesiophobia improvement group, and 62 cases in the C4 no kinesiophobia group. Multicategorical logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the C4 no kinesiophobia group, the influencing factors for the kinesiophobia trajectory in THA patients to develop into the C1 high kinesiophobia persistent group were age [odds ratio (OR)=1.081, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.025, 1.140)], chronic comorbidities [OR=6.471, 95%CI (1.831, 22.872)], the average SEE score at T1-T4 time points [OR=0.867, 95%CI (0.808, 0.931)], and the average VAS score at T1-T4 time points [OR=7.981, 95%CI (1.718, 37.074)], the influencing factors for the kinesiophobia trajectory to develop into the C2 medium kinesiophobia improvement group were age [OR=1.049, 95%CI (1.010, 1.089)], education level [OR=0.244, 95%CI (0.085, 0.703)], and the average VAS score at T1-T4 time points [OR=8.357, 95%CI (2.300, 30.368)], and the influencing factors for the kinesiophobia trajectory to develop into the C3 low kinesiophobia improvement group were the average SEE score [OR=0.871, 95%CI (0.825, 0.920)] and the average VAS score at T1-T4 time points [OR=4.167, 95%CI (1.544, 11.245)] . Conclusion Kinesiophobia in patients after THA presents different trajectories, and nurses should pay attention to the assessment and intervention of kinesiophobia in patients with advanced age, low education level, chronic diseases, low exercise self-efficacy, and high pain level.
Objective To develop a Matlab toolbox to improve the efficiency of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis while ensuring the consistency of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis process and results. Methods Adopted the design concept of “Batch processing tedious operation”, based on the Matlab connection OpenSim interface function ensures the consistency of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis process and results, the functional programming was applied to package the five steps for scale, inverse kinematics analysis, residual reduction algorithm, static optimization analysis, and joint reaction analysis of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis as functional functions, and command programming was applied to analyze musculoskeletal movements in large numbers of patients. A toolbox called LLMKA (Lower Limbs Musculoskeletal Kinematics Analysis) was developed. Taking 120 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis as the research object, a clinical researcher was selected using the LLMKA toolbox and OpenSim to test whether the analysis process and results were consistent between the two methods. The researcher used the LLMKA toolbox again to conduct musculoskeletal kinematics analysis in 120 patients to verify whether the use of this toolbox could improve the efficiency of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis compared with using OpenSim. Results Using the LLMKA toolbox could analyze musculoskeletal kinematics analysis in a large number of patients, and the analysis process and results were consistent with the use of OpenSim. Compared to using OpenSim, musculoskeletal kinematics analysis was completed in 120 patients using the LLMKA toolbox with only 2 operations were needed to enter the patient body mass data, operating steps decreased by 99.19%, total analysis time by 66.84%, and manual participation time by 99.72%, just need 0.079 1 hour (4 minutes and 45 seconds). Conclusion The LLMKA toolbox can complete a large number of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis in patients with one click in a way that is consistent in process and results with using OpenSim, reducing the total time of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis, and liberating clinical researchers from cumbersome steps, making more energy into the clinical significance of musculoskeletal kinematics analysis results.
Stroke has a high disability rate, with patients often experiencing varying degrees of motor function impairment. Some patients also have concurrent cardiovascular diseases, leading to varying degrees of cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Formulating exercise prescriptions tailored to stroke patients, selecting appropriate assessment methods, and determining suitable exercise intensity are significant clinical concerns. However, there is a lack of definitive conclusions on how to formulate precise exercise prescriptions based on the assessment of cardiopulmonary and motor functions. This paper reviews the determination of post-stroke exercise loads and current research on stroke and cardiopulmonary fitness, aiming to provide a basis for the precise formulation of exercise prescriptions for stroke patients.