Objective To review and summarize the development during the last 20 years and the current status of cosmetic medicine, i.e., cosmetic surgery, in China, for the healthier development of this specialty inthe future. Methods Literature concerned was reviewed, including conferenceabstracts, papers, and publications, and the present status and problems were analyzed. Results Cosmetic medicine was recognized as an independent specialty and gained its clear definition. The development of cosmetic medicine is an inevitable trend of the changing medical modules and the developingscience and civilization. This trend fulfilled the need of the people. The related problems consisted of a high complication rate, confusion of management, andinsufficient specific knowledge in part of the providers. Conclusion The development of cosmetic medicine is an inevitable trend of the civilization development. For the healthy development of this specialty, scientific management and systemic education for the providers are crucial. Only those who have the plastic surgery background are able to participate in this practice.
Objective To understand the status of needs, demands and utilization of health services of urban and rural residents in Chongqing, so as to provide references for the evaluation of health services status and policy making and regulating. Methods The data from family health questionnaire of health service survey in Western China in 2008 were descriptively analyzed. Results The two-week prevalence rate was 216.9‰ and the two-week hospital visit rate was 211.5‰. The sick people who did not seek medical care accounted for 56.2% among the sick population. The chronic disease prevalence rate was 226.4‰. The annual hospitalization rate was 77.1‰. Conclusion During the past five-year from 2003 to 2008, the needs of health services in Chongqing have had no big change, but the chronic disease prevalence rate has been in uptrend, and the utilization has obviously increased. And the economic factor is still the major cause for impeding residents to seek medical care. So it’s necessary to strengthen the construction of primary health care institutions, to improve the level of health insurance system, and to decrease the disparity in urban and rural areas.
目的:了解汶川地震后截肢患者存在的功能障碍及康复需求情况。方法:选取我院骨科2008 年5 月12 日至2008 年6 月1 日收治的19 例截肢患者为研究对象,采用自行设计的调查表,由康复医师在征得研究对象同意的情况下完成资料的收集。结果:63.2%的患者存在肌力下降,36.8%的患者生活需要帮助,其中生活依赖明显占31.6%,完全依赖占5.3 ％,几乎所有患者存在参与功能障碍。 结论:大多数截肢患者存在不同程度的功能障碍,应该引起高度重视其康复锻炼。
目的 了解成都市围孕期妇女的孕前保健认知度及需求状况。 方法 2011年7月－2012年1月对成都市225名初产孕妇为调查对象，采用访谈及问卷进行调查，回收有效问卷217 份。 结果 217名中仅13名进行了孕前保健，孕前保健的参与率较低（5.99%）；孕妇的年龄和受教育程度对孕前保健的认知度、参与率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；孕前小剂量叶酸服用率11.20%，但正确服用率仅为1.50%。48.84%（106/217）听说过孕前保健，其中36.79%（39/106）知道孕前保健的最佳时间，但不完全了解孕前保健内容；55.67%（59/106）的夫妇知道需在孕前改变不良生活方式；21.69%（23/106）知道部分孕前检查内容，44.34%（47/106）知晓孕前补充小剂量叶酸预防神经管缺陷，仅3.77%（4/106）知道孕前遗传咨询。获取知识途径依次为网络22.64%（24/106），社区宣传或讲座24.53%（26/106），朋友同事33.96%（36/106），医院15.09%（16/106），书刊和广告3.77%（4/106），但仅10.10%的妇女是通过培训渠道获取的知识。高达89.40%的妇女迫切希望参加孕前保健及相关预防出生缺陷的知识培训，并希望去社区或妇幼专科医院接受相关孕前咨询及检查。 结论 成都市围孕期妇女孕前保健认知度较低，导致孕前保健的参与率较低、依从性较差，叶酸服用率低而不规范；孕前保健知识培训及服务形式、内容急待增强。围孕妇女孕前保健需求较高，倾向价廉、便捷的社区医院和妇幼专科医院。
The social needs, disciplinary development and humanistic reflection has promoted the emergence and development of evidence-based medicine. Moreover, evidence-based medicine-problems oriented research, evidence based decision, transferring results to practice and outcome evaluation-continues to meet society demands, promote the development of discipline and show humanist concern. The application of evidence-based medicine has gradually extended from the field of clinical medicine to the public health, society, management, economy, policy research and education in the process of solving various problems. The high quality evidence has also been important to decision-making in these fields. Our study explored the emergence and development of evidence-based medicine from the perspective of social needs, disciplinary development and humanistic reflection for the first time.
Objective To analyze the scientific research output of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2015 to 2020, so as to evaluate the effectiveness of new scientific research management model. Methods From January 2018, a series of management measures were introduced, including improving research incentive policies, integrating and supporting resources, constructing a scientific quantitative research performance evaluation system, and establishing an information-based research service model. The changes of scientific research output before (2015-2017) and after (2018-2020) the implementation of the management measures were analyzed to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the management model. Results A total of 10141 high-quality research papers were seized and 2311 research projects were approved. After the implementation of the measures, the absolute number of papers published and projects approved increased significantly. In terms of high-quality papers published after the implementation of the measures, the increase rate reached 46.80%, among which the number of interdisciplinary papers increased by 116.05%, the number of reviews increased by 96.13%, the numbers of papers published in Area 2 and Area 1 increased by 114.67% and 75.00%, respectively, and the number of co-author papers increased by over seven times. In terms of scientific research projects approved after the implementation of the measures, the number of projects approved by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) increased by 21.03%, and the number of provincial and ministerial projects increased by 110.17%, with the people in charge becoming younger. The number of principal investigators of NSFC increased by 1.67 times. The number of projects managed by intermediate and undetermined professional titles increased by 64.71% and 68.63%, respectively. The number of projects approved by youth and general fund increased by 30.26% and 14.16% respectively. The number of people in charge of provincial and ministerial projects increased by 1.45 times. The number of projects managed by deputy senior and intermediate titles increased by 1.64 times and 1.54 times, respectively. Key research and development projects, key projects, international cooperation projects, and basic application projects saw a significant increase. Conclusions After the implementation of management measures, the number and overall level of research papers have been improved, and the cross-cooperation between clinical and basic research has been gradually started. The number of projects approved increased significantly, and the project leaders tended to be younger. The high-quality cultivation and continuous growth of scientific research talents achieved initial results.
Objective To analyze the current situation and demand of emergency and critical care training for medical staff in plateau areas, and to provide a reference for further emergency and critical care training for medical staff in plateau areas. Methods From July 1, 2018 to July 30, 2020, medical staff (including physicians, nursing staff, and other medical staff) from hospitals in various regions of Tibet were surveyed anonymously, to investigate the content and demand of medical staff in plateau areas receiving emergency and critical care training. The content and demand of medical staff from different levels of hospitals receiving emergency and critical care training were further compared. Results A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and a total of 43 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 95.6%. The average age of medical staff was (35.67±9.17) years old, with a male to female ratio of 1∶1.5. The proportion of tertiary, secondary, and lower level hospitals to which medical staff belong were 23.3%, 27.9%, and 48.8%, respectively. The number and proportion of medical staff receiving training on chest pain, heart failure, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, respiratory failure, metabolic crisis, and sepsis diseases were 25 (58.1%), 25 (58.1%), 24 (55.8%), 23 (53.5%), 20 (46.5%), 14 (32.6%), and 12 (27.9%), respectively. The number and proportion of medical staff who believed that training in the heart failure, respiratory failure, metabolic diseases, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, chest pain, and sepsis needed to be strengthened were 38 (88.4%), 36 (83.7%), 35 (81.4%), 34 (79.1%), 34 (79.1%), 33 (76.7%), and 29 (67.4%), respectively. Thirteen medical staff (30.2%) hoped to acquire knowledge and skills through teaching. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, job type, professional title, and department type among medical staff from tertiary, secondary, and lower level hospitals participating in the survey (P>0.05). The proportion of medical staff in hospitals below secondary receiving training on chest pain was lower than that in second level hospitals (38.1% vs. 91.7%). The proportion of medical staff in hospitals below secondary receiving training on heart failure was lower than that in secondary and tertiary hospitals (38.1% vs. 75.0% vs. 80.0%). The proportion of medical staff in hospitals below secondary receiving training on respiratory failure was lower than that in tertiary hospitals (28.6% vs. 80.0%). The demand for sepsis training among medical staff in hospitals below secondary was higher than that in tertiary hospitals (85.7% vs. 30.0%). There was no statistically significant difference in the other training contents and demands (P>0.05). Conclusion The content of critical care training for medical staff in plateau areas cannot meet their demands, especially for medical staff in hospitals below secondary. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen training support, allocate advantageous resources to different levels of hospitals, expand the scope of training coverage, and enrich training methods to better improve the ability of medical personnel in plateau areas to diagnose and treat related diseases.
Objectives To survey the training needs of the management reserve talents in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, so as to provide evidence for improving the pertinence and effectiveness of the training system. Methods A survey of training needs in terms of training contents and methods was performed on 181 management reserve talents in our hospital by self-designed questionnaire. The survey results were descriptively analyzed based on rate and percentage. Results Among the 181 questionnaires issued, 148 (81.8%) were recovered. For the training contents, 59.5% of them concerned more about enhancement of management ability, with the top three most preferred training contents as personnel management, systematic management thinking, and work management. For the training methods, internal training, external communication, and external teachers were the three most preferred. Conclusions To enable the management reserve talents transit from medical to management positions, the hospital should classify them according to the needs and requirements of the organization, the position and the talent him/herself. Based on such classification, customized training can be carried out with innovative training modules.