Müller cells are glial cells of the retina, whose major processes cross the internal and external limiting membranes of the retina, maintaining the function and metabolism of retinal photoreceptors and neurons. Their structure and function are closely related to the development of macular hole (MH). Müller cells are involved in the formation and recovery of MH from the aspect of traction and protein, and their morphology and biological function also influence the regression of MH. The current treatment modality for MH is vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, in which Müller cells play a dual role after ILM peeling in different stages of MH. And its potential to re-acquire a progenitor-like state following retinal injury with the ability to proliferate and generate new neurons making it a current research hot topic, which can be a reference and inspiration for clinical treatment.
目的:通过比较玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术和玻璃体切除术,探讨更适合黄斑裂孔患者的手术方法。方法:对2006年1月至2008年12月在我院确诊有黄斑裂孔的39名患者40眼随机分为两组:A组行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术,B组行玻璃体切除术,对比两组患者术前、术后最佳矫正视力、视野检查结果、ERG和VEP,OCT检查黄斑裂孔闭合的情况。结果:两组术前最佳矫正视力无统计学差异。A组的术后最佳矫正视力、视野检查结果、ERG和黄斑裂孔闭合率均好于B组。两组术后6个月VEP比较无统计学差别。结论:玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离较玻璃体切除术更能有效治疗黄斑裂孔。
Objective To observe the clinical effects of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and C3F8 tamponade for patients with highly myopic macular hole (HM-MH) with and without foveoschisis. MethodsA retrospective case controlled study. From January 2017 to February 2022, 23 eyes of 23 patients with highly myopic macular hole with and without foveoschisis diagnosed in the Shandong Eye Hospital were included in the study. Among them, 5 males had 5 eyes, and 18 females had 18 eyes, the age was (54.43±12.96) years old. The patients with or without foveoschisis were 12 eyes in 12 cases and 11 eyes in 11 cases. Studies were divided into two groups, depending on the presence of a concomitant myopic foveoschisis or not. The groups are high myopia macular hole with foveoschisis (group A) and high myopia macular hole without foveoschisis (group B). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), B-scan ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography and axial length (AL) measurement were performed in all eyes. Snellen chart was used for BCVA examination, and the visual acuity was converted into logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) during statistics. The age of the two groups, sex, macular hole (MH) diameter, logMAR BCVA, AL, posterior scleral staphyloma, there was no significant difference (P＞0.05). PPV combined with ILM peeling and C3F8 filling were performed in all eyes. Follow-up was at least 3 months after the last operation. BCVA changes and MH closure were compared between the two groups after surgery. Wilcoxon test was used to compare BCVA before and after operation. Mann-whiteny U test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative BCVA between groups. ResultsAfter initial surgery, MH was closed in 17 of 23 eyes (74%, 17/23). MH was closed in 8 eyes in group A (66.7%, 8/12). Four eyes were not closed (33.3%, 4/12); MH closed in 9 eyes in group B (81.8%, 9/11). There was no significant difference between the two groups after initial operation (P＞0.05). At 1 and 3 months after surgery, the logMAR BCVA of patients in group A and group B were 1.00±0.46, 1.03±0.83 and 0.53±0.63, 0.55±0.41, respectively. Compared with before operation, there was no significant difference at 1 month (P=0.783, 0.358), but the difference was statistically significant at 3 months (P=0.012, 0.007). There was no significant difference in logMAR BCVA between group A and group B at 1 and 3 months after operation (P=0.687, 0.950). ConclusionPPV combined with ILM peeling and C3F8 tamponade can promote MH closure and improve visual acuity in most affected eyes with HM-MH with and without foveoschisis.
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of autologous neurosensory retinal transplantation in repairing unhealed giant macular hole after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). MethodsA prospective clinical study. From July 2022 to December 2023, 12 patients (12 eyes) with refractory large macular hole who received autologous neurosensory retinal transplantation treatment in Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected for the study. The macular hole in affected eyes still did not close after PPV combined with inner limiting membrane removal or tamponade, and the diameter of macular hole were greater than 600 μm. All affected eyes received best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations. The BCVA examination employed the international standard visual acuity chart, with results converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity for statistical analysis. During the surgery, a piece of healthy retinal neuroepithelial tissue, approximately 0.3 optic disc diameters larger than the macular hole, was removed from the upper retinal periphery and used as a graft. The graft was inserted into the macular hole with the aid of intraoperative OCT. Post-surgery, the vitreous cavity was filled with silicone oil or sterile air. The follow-up period after surgery was 6 months. The thickness of the retinal grafts was measured using the same equipment as before surgery at 3 days, 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery. The primary focus was on observing the macular hole closure rate and changes in BCVA at 6 months post-operation. A paired t-test was used to compare BCVA before and after surgery. Results In the sample of 12 cases (12 eyes), there were 5 males with 5 eyes and 7 females with 7 eyes. The mean age was (50.4±12.6) years. The mean macular hole diameter was (1 085.6±344.0) μm; The mean eye axis length was (27.64±4.19) mm. At 6 months after surgery, all affected eyes showed macular hole were completely closed (100.0%, 12/12). The thickness of the retinal graft was measured as (206.8±21.0), (170.8±23.3), (165.6±31.6), and (157.9±31.1) μm at 3 days, 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery, respectively. At before and 6 months after surgery, the logMAR BCVA of the affected eyes was 1.28±0.39 and 0.95±0.22, respectively. The difference in logMAR BCVA before and after surgery was statistically significant (t=3.40, P＜0.05). Conclusion Autologous neurosensory retinal transplantation could effectively improve the closure rate of refractory large macular hole and improve or stabilize vision in the short run.
Purpose To assess the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy,autologous platelet concentrate and gas tamponade for the treatment of full-thickness idiopathic macular holes. Methods The procedures consisted of pars plana vitrectomy with removal of posterior cortical vitreous，air-fluid exchange, instillation of autologous platelet concentrate onto the posterior pole and 20%～30%SF6 tamponade,were performed in treating 6 eyes of 6 patients with idiopathic macular holes. The patients were instructed to lie in a supine position for l hour after surgery,then adviced to remain in a facedown position for 2 weeks. Results Flattening of the surrounding retina and closure of the hole were achieved postoperatively in all the 6 affected eyes.Visual acuity improved two lines or more in 5 eyes (83.3%).Four eyes(66.7%)reached a postoperative visual acuity of 0.3 or more. Retinal detachment ocurred in one eye owing to peripheral new hole formation. Conclusion Pars plana vitrectomy, autologous platelet concentrate and gas tamponade for the treatment of full-thickness idiopathic macular holes are able to close macular hole and improve the visual acuity. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:14-15)
The classical surgical operations for foveoschisis in high myopia are vitrectomy, artificial posterior vitreous detachment, removal of the pre-macular vitreous cortex, removal of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) and intraocular gas tamponade, with some minor variations on those basis, including no removal of the ILM or ILM peeling with preservation of the fovea area; with or without gas filling, long-term silicone oil tamponade, etc. All the procedures have achieved certain efficacy and the foveoschis can be fully or partially relieved and the visual acuity can be improved to different degrees. It is worthwhile to emphasize, the most common and serious complication of the surgery is the occurrence of full-thickness macular hole or even postoperative macular hole retinal detachment. To address the risk of such complications, a safe and effective outcome can be achieved in the majority of cases by using ILM peeling with preservation of the fovea area. For high-risk cases where the operator is concerned about intraoperative or postoperative macular hole, a long-term silicone oil tamponade without ILM removal is proposed to prevent the risk of surgery-related macular hole formation.