Objective To investigate the preventive effect of carbachol on the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion. Methods Forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO group, n=12), operation group (n=16) and carbachol treated group (carbachol group, n=16, carbachol 50 μg/kg). Animal model of abdominal adhesion was established by rubbing the procussus vermiformis of cecum with dry sterile gauze, and by clamping and scuffing abdominal wall. Half of rats were separately killed on day 7 and day 14 after surgery, respectively. The degree of adhesion was evaluated according to Phillips 5-scale grade and the feature of this model. The histopathological changes of adhesive tissues were observed and the content of collagen type Ⅰ in the tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The scores of intra-abdominal adhesion were significantly lower in the carbachol group than those in operation group both on 7 d and 14 d (P＜0.01). Mild inflammatory changes and less fibrous proliferation were observed in carbachol group microscopically. The contents of collagen type Ⅰ detected by immunohistochemistry were significantly lower in the carbachol group than those in operation group both on 7 d and 14 d (P＜0.01). There was no significant difference of the score of abdominal adhesion and content of collagen type Ⅰ in the same group between 7 d and 14 d (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Carbachol may take a significant role in the prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rat.
Abstract: The cyanotic congenital heart defect remains a focal point to study in congenital heart diseases. A successfully developed model of cyanotic congenital heart defect can contribute to a profound advancement of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Various kinds of animal models simulating cyanotic heart diseases have been created and improved step by step , such as experimental pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, inferior vena cava-left atrium shunt, pulmonary artery-left atrium shunt and breeding animals in mionect ic environment. As an important means, they are used to investigate the animal’s pathophysilolgocal characteristics in cyanotic and hypoxic state. However, it need a further exploration since these models are not fully perfect yet.
【Abstract】Objective To introduce three methods of creating the animal model of bone metastasis from breast cancer and the advances in the application of these models. Methods The related literatures were collected and reviewed.Results In summary, breast cancer cells injected through left ventricles was commonly used. Breast cancer cells injected into medullary cavity of shaft of femur was simple and effective, but it was very different from the real condition of bone metastasis of patients. The development of animal model created by surgical orthotopic implantation gives the researchs an ideal instrument similar with the condition of patients to research the mechanism of bone metastasis and the treatment. Conclusion Each animal model of bone metastasis from breast cancer has itself usefulness. Our destination is to create the real model of bone metastasis from breast cancer that is very similar with the patients.
【Abstract】 Objective To establ ish a animal model of osteonecrosis of femoral head in canine l ike human.Methods The thermal field of canine’s femoral head was three-dimensionally analyzed with fluent 6.2 software so that the best cryosurgery patent could be designed to maximize the osteonecrosis and minimize extra surgery trauma with the cryosurgery system invented by Shanghai Jiaotong University. Liquid nitrogen was pressurized to 0.5 MPa, poured into femoral head for 6.5 minutes, rewarming to 2 for 5 minutes and then repoured into it again for another 6.5 minutes. Ten three-foot canines were conducted as the animal models of osteonecrosis of femoral head according to the method above. At the end of followup,the results were reviewed by radiologic and pathologic check. Two dogs were conducted as control group. Results In the experimental group, one of the ten canines was testified to occur osteonecrosis of femoral head after one week pathologically, cell death and vessel breakage of cavitas medullaris in the femoral head was obvious under microscope; in other nine canines beingstill under follow-up, five with three-month follow-up at least progressed to the collapse of femoral head l ike human (Ficat III). In control group, no osteonecrosis was found. Conclusion Cryosurgery for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in three-foot canine model may become a method to establ ish the animal model of osteonecrosis of femoral head l ike human.
Objective To establ ish the modified model of cervical heterotopic cardiac transplantation in rats for investigation of cardiac chronic rejection. Methods Forty healthy male Wistar rats, aged 10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were appl ied as the donor group, and forty healthy male SD rats, aged 10 weeks, weighing 300-350 g, served as the recipient group. The donors’ pulmonary artery was anastomosed to the reci pients’ right external jugular vein by non-suture cuff technique while the donors’ innominate artery was anastomosed to the recipients’ right common carotid artery by suture microvascular anastomosis. All recipients received cyclosporin to prevent acute allograft rejection. Results Forty consecutive successful transplantations were performed. Neither anastomosis leakage nor vessel obstruction occurred. The total operation time was 40-50 minutes. The time of cuff vascular anastomosis was 2-3 minutes and that of microvascular anastomosis was 9-12 minutes. All recipients survived for more than 30 days and all allografts were examined at 30 days after the transplantation. Pathological manifestations of allograft vessels were chronic rejection. Conclusion This modified model of cervical heterotopic cardiac transplantation is simple, practical and highly reproducible and is appl icable for investigation of chronic rejection in various organ transplantation studies.
Objective To establish a reliable rats model of orthotopic liver transplantation with non-heart beating donors. Methods The model was established with modified double-cuff method. According to obtain pre-liver warm ischemia time experiencing non-heart-beat the rats were divided into 3 groups: 10 min (R10 group), 20 min (R20 group) and 30 min (R30 group), then one week survival after operation was compared in rats. Results The operative time of donor was 30 min approximately except warm ischemia time and the cold preservation time of donor liver was 1 h. The anastomotic time for suprahepatic vena cava was 12-22 min (mean 15 min). The anastomotic time for portal vein and infrahepatic vena cava was about 2 min and 1 min, respectively. The anhepatic phase sustained 14-24 min (mean 19 min). The operative time of receptor was 50-65 min (mean 60 min). Twelve rats died at 24 h after operation, which was considered as operative failure. The success rates of operation in R10 group, R20 group, and R30 group were 95% (19/20), 80% (16/20), and 65% (13/20), respectively. After one week the survival rate was 95% (18/19), 81% (13/16), and 54% (7/13), respectively. Conclusions Improved non-heart donor liver transplantation model of rat on the basis of Kamada’s “twocuff technique” acts as a good simulation in clinical non-heart-donor liver transplantation. This study showes that rat liver can tolerate warm ischemia time less than 30 min, the short-term survival after transplantation can reach satisfactory results. However, long-term survival requires further study.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo establish the stable model of orthtopic liver transplantation in rats.MethodsIn the light of Kamada’s method, the donor’s liver was perfused through portal vein before it was harvested,and the anastomosis was modified as continous suture with one suture for the suprahepatic inferior vena cava. Two hundred and ten orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in Wistar male rats according to this method. ResultsThe mean time of donor operation was 35 min, and that of recipient operation was 51 min. The mean cold preserving time of graft was 60 min.The anhepatic phase was about 17 min 〔(17.6±4.5) min〕. Nineteen rats died during operation. The causes of death included: bleeding of suprahepatic inferior vena cava, infrahepatic vena cava thrombosis, biliary obstruction, portal vein constriction and thrombosis, liver injury, bleeding of left subphrenic vein, infection, excessively deep anesthesia and respiratory failure. The 24hour survival was 91.0%(191/210),and the oneweek survival was 85.2%（179/210）.ConclusionThrough the modification of the anastomosis of suprahepatic inferior vena cava, the nonhepatic time of the recipients could be shortened,and the complications could be decreased. In this way, the survival of recipient rats after liver transplantation could be increased.
Objective To explore improvement of orthotopic liver transplantation model in rhesus monkey. Methods Healthy rhesus monkeys were chosen to perform orthotopic liver transplantation for 10 cases. The model was established by drawing on a variety of animal model methods, and the portal vein cuff method was used to establish stable model of orthotopic liver transplantation in rhesus monkeys. Results Ten orthotopic liver transplantation models in rhesus were performed, and the achievement ratio of operation was 10/10. The time of donor hepatectomy and donor preparation was (20±5) min and (30±7) min, respectively. The operation time of recipient and anhepatic phase were (180±35) min and (17±4) min, respectively. After 24 h of operation 9 cases survived, one case died of intra-abdominal hemorrhage after 9 h of operation. After 72 h of operation 8 cases survived, and one case died of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after 38 h of operation. After one week of operation 5 cases survived, and 3 cases died of rejection after 9, 11, and 11 d of operation, respectively. The longest survival time was 32 d, but all of them also died of rejection. No portal vein thrombosis and biliary complications were found in all recipients.Conclusion The improved rhesus monkey model of orthotopic liver transplantation is easy to perform with high achievement ratio of operation. It is an ideal animal model for pre-clinical studies of liver transplantation.
Ojective To establish a rat model of hyperoxia induced acute lung injury. Methods Eighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into an air group and a hyperoxia group ( ≥95% O2 ) .Each group was further divided into 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h subgroups. Arterial blood gas was monitored. Lung tissue was sampled for evaluation of lung wet to dry ratio, lung index, and pulmonary permeation index. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) was collected for measurement of lactatedehydrogenase ( LDH) activity and white blood cell count ( WBC) . Results After hyperoxia exposure for 48 ～60 h, lung pathology showed alveolar structure disruption, lung parenchyma wrath bleeding and edema.Lung wet to dry ratio, lung index, pulmonary permeation index, LDH and WBC in BALF all increased significantly, peaked at 48 h and remained at high level at 60 h while PaO2 dropped progressively.Conclusion Exposure to ≥ 95% O2 for 48 ～60 h can successfully establish the rat model of hyperoxia induced acute lung injury.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effect of ischemia on the treatment of advanced body and tail carcinoma of pancreas. Methods In operation the proximal spleen artery was ligated, a chemotherapy pump was installed to connect the distal spleenic artery and urea solution (40%) was injected through the device during and after operation. The pathology and pathophysiology change in dogs were observed. Results All the eight dogs studied were alive after operation, no serious complication appeared, pancreatic cells were replaced by fibrosis. Conclusion Infusion of 40% urea solution is a safe and effective ischemic method, it can lead to all sorts of pancreatic cell necrosis and fibrosis. It may be a good madality in the treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma.