Thirteen patients with intractable nonunions of fractures of long bones were sucessfully treated by a combination of internal fixation and implantation of bBMP. There was an average of 1.5 operative procedures per patient in an attempting to establish reunion prior to bBMP implantation. Union was obtained in 12 of the 13 patients exapt in one who gained success from establish the second attempt. The average time requited to union was 4.7 months. No complication was seen.
Objective To investigate the hemodynamic performance of valved bovine jugular vein conduits (BJVC) for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in canine model. Methods The BJVC that were treated with the glutaraldehyde were implanted between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle in seven young canines. Right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures were measured directly before and after the implantation. Hemodynamic evaluations were carried out by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization after the implantation. Results Seven canines were survival one year after the implantation. The pulmonary artery pressures (including systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean pressure) had not significantly changed after reconstruction with the conduits. The right ventricular diastolic pressures had not increased after the reconstruction, but the right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pressure had increased. One year later, the echocardiography showed valve motion with no obvious thickening of the leaflets. No graft kinking or obvious regurgitation of the valve was observed. Cardiac catheterization and angiography showed that the pressure gradients between the right ventricle and the conduits varied from 3 to 19mmHg, the diastolic pressures in the conduits were higher than that of right ventricle((Plt;)0.01), and the conduits and pulmonary arteries had no obvious obstruction. Conclusion The glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine jugular vein conduit has good hemodynamic performance in the pulmonary circulation.
Abstract: Objective To evaluate a new type of treatment that reduces calcification of glutaraldehydetreated bovine jugular venous conduit (BJVC). Methods Fresh bovine jugular veins were treated with glutaraldehyde, followed by Triton X-100 and epoxy chloropropane (EC+Tr group). We compared the group’s appearance, histology, shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, and elongation at break with those of a fresh group, and with a group treated with glutaraldehyde only (GA group). We then implanted the EC+Tr and GA group BJVCs subcutaneously into the backs of SD rats and left them for eight weeks (n=8). The morphologic properties and inflammatory response of the test specimens were evaluated by HE staining. The tissue calcium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results The shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the EC+Tr group were significantly higher than those of the fresh group (86.15±0.92 ℃ vs. 69.94±0.92 ℃,t=35.239, P=0.000; 5.31±0.14 mPa vs.3.15±0.95 mPa,t=6.362, P=0.000; 265.11%±27.80% vs. 16521%±25.06%,t=7.550, P=0.000) and of the GA group (86.15±0.92 ℃ vs. 82.73±1.28 ℃, t=6.137, P=0.000; 5.31±0.14 mPa vs. 4.52±0.56 mPa,t=3.871, P=0.002; 265.11%±27.80% vs.237.85%±17.41%,t=2.351,P=0.034). The tissue structure of the subcutaneously implanted EC+Tr veins remained intact;degradation was slight and they contained few inflammatory cells. The calcium content of the EC+Tr group was lower than that of the GA group (51.22±2.69 μg/mg vs. 73.24±3.82 μg/mg, t=11.545，P=0.000). Conclusion Treatment with Triton X-100 and epoxy chloropropane modification with glutaraldehydetreated bovine jugular venous conduit was an effective way to prepare BJVC that avoided calcification.
ObjectiveTo assess clinical results of aortic cusps replacement with bovine pericardium for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and severe aortic regurgitation (AR). MethodsClinical data of 79 patients with BAV and severe AR who underwent aortic cusps replacement with bovine pericardium in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital from June 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 60 male and 19 female patients with their age of 38±14 years (ranged 12-78 years). All the patients were in NYHA class Ⅱ. There were 26 patients with ascending aorta and sinotubular expanding. ResultsNo early death or major complication was recorded. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed successful repair with normal coaptation of the aortic leaflets in all the patients. AR grade was less than mild in all the patients with peak aortic valve pressure gradients of 14.2±2.8 mm Hg. All the patients were discharged from the hospital within 15 postoperative days without any adverse symptom, and were followed up for 50±16 months (ranged 9-64 months). During follow-up, all the patients were in NYHA classⅠ. There were 57 patients without AR, 16 patients with mild AR, 5 patients with moderate AR and 1 patients with severe AR. The peak of aortic valve pressure gradient was 12.4±3.2 mm Hg. The average diameter of ascending aorta was 2.7 cm in the patients with ascending aorta and sinotubular expanding. The shape of sinotubular kept normal. The height of coaptation of aortic valve was 0.58 cm by echocadiography. None of the patients died or required reoperation. The structural valve degeneration was not observed during the follow-up. ConclusionThree aortic cusps replacement with bovine pericardium can produce good hemodynamics and midterm results for patients with BAV and severe AR. The ascending aorta and sinotubular should be reduced and fixed in the patients with ascending aorta and sinotubular expanding.
Objective To assess clinical results of three different conduit materials （Gore-Tex synthetic graft，bovinejugular vein and autologous pericardium）for palliative right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery （RV-PA） shunt，and explore the correlation between suitable conduit size and patients’ body weight and McGoon ratio. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 24 patients with congenital heart diseases who underwent palliative RV-PA shunt in Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery of Fu Wai Cardiovascular Hospital from July 2010 to July 2012. There were 11 males and 13 females with their age ranging from 60 days to 6 years and body weight of 10.22±7.41 kg. There were 22 patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect （PAVSD），1 patient with tetralogy of Fallot （TOF） and 1 patient with doubleoutlet right ventricle （DORV）. Among different conduit materials，autologous pericardium was used for 17 patients，Gore-Texsynthetic graft was used for 5 patients，and bovine jugular vein was used for 2 patients. Conduit size and children’s body weight were analyzed with linear regression，then the equation was corrected with McGoon ratio. Results There was no perioperative death. Postoperative percutaneous saturation （SpO2）of the 24 children was 20.37%±28.33% higher than preoperative SpO2 . Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm in all the patients. Twenty-three patients were NYHA classⅡ，and 1 patient was NYHA classⅢ. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time of patients with autologous pericardium were significantly shorter than those of patients with other 2 materials （P=0.017）. Sixteen patients were followed up from 10 months to 2 years after discharge，including 12 patients with autologous pericardium，3 patients with Gore-Tex synthetic graft and 1 patient with bovine jugular vein. During follow-up，McGoon ratio of patients with autologous pericardium，Gore-Tex synthetic graft and bovine jugular vein were 1.98±0.46，1.83±0.33 and 1.68 respectively，all of which weresignificantly higher than preoperative McGoon ratio （P＜0.05）. Six patients underwent radical corrective surgery，including5 patients with autologous pericardium and 1 patient with Gore-Tex synthetic graft. There was no complication directly related to surgery during follow-up. Linear regression was performed to form an equation between suitable conduit size and patients’ body weight：conduit diameter （mm）=0.327×body weight （kg）＋4.599. McGoon ratio，conduit size and equationresult were compared to find a practical choice of conduit size. If McGoon ratio＜0.8，the first integer greater than the equation result could be chosen. If McGoon ratio＞1.2，the first integer less than the equation result could be chosen. If 1.2＞McGoon ratio＞0.8，the first integer either less or greater than the equation result could be chosen. Group analysis showed that patients who recovered better postoperatively were those whose conduit sizes were closer to equation results as well as equation results corrected with McGoon ratio. Conclusion All the 3 materials can be conventionally chosen for RV-PA shunt. Appropriate conduit size can be decided upon patients’ body weight and McGoon ratio for RV-PA shunt.
Objective To investigate the effect of repeated freezing and thawing combining nuclease treatment on the decellularization of bovine tendons, and the morphology, structure, biochemical compositions, and mechanical properties of the decellularized tendons. Methods A total of 48 fresh 1-day-old bovine Achilles tendons were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16): fresh normal tendons (group A), repeated freezing and thawing for 5 times (liquid nitrogen refrigeration/37℃ thawing, group B), and repeated freezing and thawing combining nuclease processing for 24 hours (group C). In each group, 2 tendons were used for scanning electron microscope (SEM), 3 tendons for histological and immunohistochemical observations, 3 tendons for DNA content detection, and 8 tendons for biomechanical testing. Results SEM observation indicated the intact, aligned, and densely packed collagen fibers with no disruption in groups A and B, and the slightly loose collagen fibers with little disruption in group C. The alcian blue staining, sirius red staining, and immunohistochemical staining showed that the most of glycosaminoglycan, collagen type I, collagen type III, and fibronectin in group C were retained after decellularization treatment. HE and DAPI staining showed that the cell nuclei between the collagen fibers were clearly visible in groups A and B; however, the cell nuclei between collagen fibers almost were invisible with a few residual nuclei on the endotendineum in group C. DNA quantitative detection confirmed that DNA content in group C [(0.05 ± 0.02) μg/mg] was significantly lower than those in group A [(0.24 ± 0.12) μg/mg] and group B [(0.16 ± 0.07) μg/mg] (P lt; 0.05). Biomechanical testing showed that the values of tensile strength, failure strain, stiffness, and elastic modulus were different among 3 groups, but no significant difference was found (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion Repeated freezing and thawing combining nuclease processing can effectively remove the component of cells, and simultaneously retain the original collagen fibrous structure, morphology, most of the extracellular matrix compositions, and mechanical properties of the bovine tendons.
Purpose To investigate whether experimental autoimmune uveitis can be induced equally in different rats by urea soluble fraction of bovine melanin-associated antigen(USF-BMAA),and,if so,difference among them. Methods Lewis rats,F344 rats,Wistar rats were immunized with USF-BMAA emulsified with complete Freud is adijuvant and Bordelella pertussis to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis.The animal models were investigated clinically and histopathologically and compared with each other. Rusults Experimental autoimmune uveitis could be induced in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats with US-BMAA.Clinical and histopathalogical examination showed that bilateral ocular inflammation developed after immunization 9-13 days.Although inflammation was mainly located in anterior uvea,a mild focal choroiditis was noted in those with severe anterior inflammation.No inflammation was observed in the retina and pineal gland.Experimental autoimmune uveieis induced with USF-BMAA was similar to experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis incited with BMAA presented by other authors.Inflammation induced with USF-BMAA in F344 rats and in Lewis rats was quite similar in the severity and course of the model.But the inflammation was less in Wistar rats compared with that in Lewis rats and F344 rats. Conclusion Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis was successfully induced with USF-BMAA in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats.The difference with regard to the severity among these aminals were propably attributed to their genetic bankground. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:149-152)
It has been proved that the bovine seminal plasma contains rich source of NGF around 0.1mg of pure NGF can be isolated from 10ml bovine seminal plasma. Modifying Gregory s method, we first successfully obtained the low molecular weight form of bovine NGF in China.We chose the dorsal root sensory ganglia (DRG) of embryonic chicken as a cultured nerve tissue, the NGF purified from seminal plasma is added to cultural plate with 96 holes. The cultural process was without plus serum and showed the high biological activity. It was found that this method has the advantages of simple technique, satisfactory result. It is an ibeal method for assaying the biological effect of NGF.
Objective To study the inflammation response and the biocompatibil ity of valved bovine jugular vein conduit (BJVC) and valved bovine jugular vein patch (VBJV-P) in treating complex congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods From December 2007 to March 2008, 16 patients with complex CHD were treated. Of 16 patients, 6 underwent conjunction right ventricular to pulmonary artery with BJVC and broaden right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with VBJV-P (BJVC group), and 10 underwent broaden RVOT with self pericardial patch (control group). In BJVC group, there were 3 males and 3 females, aging (5.6 ± 3.6) years, and including 1 case of type I truncus arteriosus, 1 case of type I truncus arteriosus with ventricular septal defect and patent foramen ovale, 1 case of congenital pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and patent arterial duct, and 3 cases of Fallot’s tetrad. In control group, there were 5 males and 5 females, aging(4.3 ± 3.1) years, all being Fallot’s tetrad. The periphery vein blood of the two groups was collected during operation and after operation, and the levels of cytokine were detected with ELISA method. Meanwhile the cl inical data of the two groups were collected. Results There were no significant differences at levels of TNF-α and IL-6 between BJVC group and control group 1 week after operation (P gt; 0.05), and there was significant difference at level of IL-10 [(25.7 ± 5.0) pg/mL vs (19.5 ± 4.7) pg/ mL, P lt; 0.05]. There were no significant differences at levels of IL-6 and IL-10 within groups both in control group and in BJVC group (P gt; 0.05) between 1 week after operation and the anesthesia inducing period. And there was significant difference at level of TNF-α in BJVC group [(77.0 ± 1.6) pg/mL vs (82.9 ± 1.3) pg/mL, P lt; 0.05] and in control group [(78.6 ± 3.4) pg/mL vs (83.1 ± 1.9) pg/mL, P lt; 0.05] between 1 week after operation and the anesthesia inducing period. There were no statistically significant differences (P gt; 0.05) in leukocyte count and body temperature between BJVC group and control group. The X-ray films showed no abnormal ity in BJVC group and control group before operation and after operation. No hepatic and renal dysfunction occurred in control group; and 2 patients had hepatic dysfunction, which may be caused by antibiotics. Conclusion BJVC has a good biocompatibil ity in treating complexty CHD.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effects of human interlukin-13 (hIL-13) on the expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) on bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), and to provide experimental basis for hIL-13 inducing immunity endure and relieving the repulsion reaction of xenograft. Methods BAECs were co-cultured with different concentrations of hIL-13 for 2 h and followed by co-cultured with 4 ng/ml TNF-α for 6 h or 18 h. The expressions of E-selectin and ICAM-1 on BAECs were detected by Cell-ELISA. The effect of hIL-13 on activity of BAECs was detected by MTT colorimetry.Results BAECs pretreateded with hIL-13 could inhibit the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 induced by TNF-α, and showed a doesdependent manner from 5 ng/ml to 20 ng/ml of hIL-13 (P＜0.01). The experimental result of BAECs activity measured by MTT proved no significant difference in the activities of BAECs in every experimental groups compared with control group’s. Conclusion hIL-13 could inhibit the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 on BAECs induced by TNF-α, which may contribute to the xenotransplant immune tolerance.