ObjectiveTo investigate the burden of disease in Xinjin county of Chengdu city from 2009 to 2010. so as to provide baseline data for the study on the healthcare service system. MethodsThe prevalence of diseases among outpatients and inpatients in Xinjin county was collected and then analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 software. Resultsa) The numbers of out-patient and in-patients with the top 20 diseases had been increased by 106.8% and 43.2%, respectively in 2010 than those in 2009. According to International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10, the diagnosis of the diseases involved in 11 types of diseases among outpatients. For out-patients, the top 3 categories were diseases of respiratory, digestive systems and injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, accounting for 85.06% and 82.69% of total diseases in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Among them, upper respiratory infections, acute bronchitis and superficial injury cumulatively accounted for 61.61% in 2009 and 59.53% in 2010. b) The diagnosis of the diseases involved in 12 types of diseases among in-patients. For in-patients, the top 4 categories were diseases of the respiratory system, pregnancy, disease during childbirth and puerperium, digestive and the circulatory systems. Among them, the diseases of the respiratory system accounted for 53.55% and 50.82% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The top 4 diseases among in-patients were acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, COPD, and acute gastritis, accounting for 48.12% and 49.54% cumulatively in 2009 and 2010. Meanwhile, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes increased dramatically into the top 10 diseases. c) The acute diseases were mainly distributed in township hospitals, while the chronic diseases were mainly distributed in county-level hospitals. ConclusionThe major burden of diseases is the diseases of the respiratory, digestive and circulatory diseases in Xinjin county of Chengdu city from 2009 to 2010. The chronic diseases are mainly distributed in county-level hospitals, while the acute diseases are mainly distributed in township hospitals or community healthcare centres. The common diseases are relatively stable which provide better conditions for the selection and use of the essential medical services and essential medicine list.
ObjectiveTo analyze the burden of digestive diseases attributed to smoking in China from 1990 to 2019 and forecast its change in the next 10 years. MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease database 2019 was used to analyze the burden of digestive diseases attributed to smoking in China from 1990 to 2019. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the time variation trend. A time series model was used to predict the burden of digestive diseases attributable to smoking over the next 10 years. ResultsIn 2019, there were 12 900 deaths from digestive diseases attributed to smoking in China, with a DALY of 398 600 years, a crude death rate of 0.91/100 000 and a crude DALY rate of 28.02/100 000. The attributed standardized mortality rate was 0.69 per 100 000, and the standardized DALY rate was 19.79 per 100 000, which was higher than the global level. In 2019, the standardized mortality rate and DALY rate of males were higher than those of females (1.48/ 100 000 vs. 0.11/ 100 000, 38.42/ 100 000 vs. 293/100 000), and the standardized rates of males and females showed a downward trend over time. In 2019, both mortality and DALY rates from digestive diseases attributed to smoking increased with age. ARIMA predicts that over the next 10 years, the burden of disease in the digestive system caused by smoking will decrease significantly. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the burden of digestive diseases attributed to smoking showed a decreasing trend in China, and the problem of disease burden is more serious in men and the elderly population. A series of effective measures should be taken to reduce the smoking rate in key groups. The burden of digestive diseases caused by smoking will be significantly reduced in the next 10 years.
ObjectiveTo analyze the variation trend of high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) attribution disease burden in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe burden of disease indicators from Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019), such as death attributable to high LDL-C, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lost to disability (YLDs) were extracted. The age was standardized using GBD 2019 global standard population, and the trend of rates with the annual percentage change (APC) was analyzed. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of high LDL-C increased with age in China. The mortality rate, DALYs rate and YLLs rate of males were higher than those of females, while the YLDs rate of males was lower than that of females. Joinpoint regression results showed that from 1990 to 2019, the high LDL-C attribution mortality rate (APC=3.4%, P<0.05), DALYs rate (APC=2.4%, P<0.05), YLLs rate (APC=2.4%, P<0.05), YLDs rate (APC = 2.9%, P<0.05), the standardized mortality rate (APC=0.8%, P<0.05) and the standardized YLDs rate (APC=0.7%, P<0.05) all increased in China. Regarding age, the mortality rate, DALYs rate and YLLs rate increased in the age group over 70 years old, while the YLDs rate increased significantly in the age group over 45 years old. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the burden of disease attributable to high LDL-C in China has become increasingly heavy, and the burden varies according to gender and age.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trends of incidence, mortality, and burden of disease of cervical cancer in Chinese females from 1990 to 2019.MethodsThe global burden of disease database (GBD) and China health statistics yearbook data was used to analyze the incidence, standardized incidence, mortality, standardized mortality, urban and rural mortality, and burden of cervical cancer among Chinese females using Excel, SPSS 21.0 and Joinpoint Regression Program 4.8.0.1.ResultsThe standardized incidence of cervical cancer among Chinese females increased from 9.21/100 000 in 1990 to 12.06/100 000 in 2019, and the standardized mortality decreased from 8.40/100 000 to 7.36/100 000. The standardized mortality of cervical cancer in 2018 decreased when compared with 2015 in both urban and rural areas. Changes in age-group incidence and mortality indicated that there was a younger trend in cervical cancer. The disease burden indicators (DALY, YLL, and YLD) were increased from 86.49, 84.01, and 1.52 ten thousand person/years to 162.22, 157.40, and 4.83 ten thousand person/years, in which the YLD increased the most (217.76%). The APC of DALY, YLL and YLD were 2.39%, 2.56% and 4.25%, respectively. The proportion of cervical cancer disease burden in female cancer increased in 2019 compared with 1990. And DALY, YLL and YLD increased in the age group of 40 or over, in which DALY of the age group 50-54 increased 167.15%.ConclusionsThe situation of cervical cancer is not optimistic in China. Although the mortality of cervical cancer has decreased in recent years, the number of cases and mortalities is still increasing. Not only the burden of disease is continuously increasing, there is also a younger trend in cervical cancer. Active preventive measures should be taken to reduce the burden of cervical cancer.
Objective To systematically review the incidence, mortality and disease burden of stroke in China. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect cohort studies on stroke epidemiology and disease burden from inception to June 30, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 18.0 software. Results A total of 49 studies were included, and the results showed that the overall incidence of stroke in China was 430/100 000 (95%CI 370/100 000 to 490/100 000); The incidence of stroke in men was 510/100 000 (95%CI 450/100 000 to 580/100 000); The incidence of stroke in women was 370/100 000 (95%CI 320/100 000 to 410/100 000). The overall mortality rate of stroke in China was 220/100 000 (95%CI 160/100 000 to 280/100 000); Stroke mortality in men was 160/100 000 (95%CI 120/100 000 to 190/100 000); Stroke mortality in women was 130/100 000 (95%CI 100/100 000 to 160/100 000). The average standard DALY rate of stroke in China was 2 238.09/100 000, and men (3 510.53/100 000) was higher than that of women (2 083.39/100 000). Conclusion The risk of stroke in men in China is significantly higher than that in women, which is mainly attributed to the higher rate of smoking and drinking alcohol, poor eating habits and the neglect of health management. Moreover, interregional differences in aging, especially the higher aging levels in the eastern and northern regions, also have a significant impact on stroke incidence in these regions.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the disease burden of osteoporotic fracture (OPF) in China.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP database for observational studies of the disease burden of osteoporosis in China from inception to Jan 30th, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the economic burden of OPF in China.ResultsA total of 23 studies were included. The average cost of OPF was 27 561.27 yuan. Women were more prone to OPF than men. Hip and spinal fractures were the diseases which had higher average hospital costs.ConclusionsWomen are more prone to osteoporotic fractures than men. The higher hospital costs of OPF may cause the reason for growing financial burden of patients. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify conclusions.
Objective To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness, analyses the factors affecting it, so as to provide a reference basis for improving the methodological quality of related studies. Methods Systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness were identified in PubMed, searching from its inception to 12 October 2024. Systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness was included, the methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated using AMSTAR-2, and data were extracted using Excel 2021. Results A total of 308 systematic reviews/ meta-analysis were included, with a fluctuating upward trend in the number of publications from 2006 to 2024; of these, a total of 12 were rated as low quality. According to the AMSTAR-2 entries, the largest number of documents fully conformed to entry 16 (82.14%), followed by entry 5 (81.49%), and entry 8 (72.73%); one document conformed to entry 10 (0.32%), and relatively few conformed to entry 12 (68.83%), entry 13 (85.39%), and entry 15 (67.53%). ConclusionThe methodological quality of systematic reviews/ meta-analysis of burden of illness needs to be improved, and the main problems include the lack of pre-study protocols, the absence of a list of excluded literature, and the less than adequate explanation of heterogeneity and risk of bias, etc. There is still a need to further improve the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and to promote the long-term development of evidence based medicine.
ObjectivesTo estimate the latest burden of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for liver cancer in China and the long-term trend, and to make future prediction.MethodsBased on the visualization platform of Global Burden of Disease 2016, data on the DALYs for liver cancer in China was extracted. The very recent status in 2016 and the previous trend from 1990 to 2016 were described, using annualized rate of change (ARC). The burden from 2017 to 2050 was further predicted by combining the ARC and the Chinese population data projected by the United Nation.ResultsIn 2016, the total DALYs for liver cancer in China was estimated as 11 539 000 person years (accounting for 54.6% of the global burden), and years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) contributed 98.9% and 1.1%, respectively. The age-standardized DALY rate was 844.1 per 100 000 (3.0 times of the global average) and the male-to-female ratio was 3.4. The DALY rate continuously increased from 1990–2016 (ARC=0.57%), particularly in recent 5 years (ARC=1.75%). Among the DALYs for all cancers, liver cancer contributed approximately 20% and constantly remained as the top 2 (ranking as the number one before year 2005). There were inverse trends in gender, with increasing in males and decreasing in females (ARC was 0.77% and –0.11%, respectively). Hepatitis B infection continually kept the leading cause of DALYs for liver cancer (accounting for nearly 57%), and the DALY rate was gradually increasing (ARC=0.43%). Although the peak age of DALY rate was stable at 65to 69 years, the peak age of the DALYs changed from 55 to 59 years in 1990 to 60 ~ 64 years in 2016. In 2050, the estimated DALYs for liver cancer in China will reach 14.37 million person years, 20.0% more than that in 2017.ConclusionsThe DALYs caused by liver cancer in China exceeds the overall burden of all other countries in the world, and accounts for 1/5 of DALYs for all cancers in local population. The burden in males has been continuously rising, and the leading cause remained unchanged as hepatitis B infection. With population aging, the DALYs for liver cancer in China will be incessant to increase, suggesting the necessity to implement continuous effort in risk factors prevention (e.g. hepatitis B infection), and efficient management in high risk population of liver cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and economic burden of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan, so as to provide references for prevention and control of AMES. MethodsThe monitoring data of the AMES Special Reporting System of Jinan City from 2007 to 2014 was collected and the epidemiological characteristics of AMES were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was performed in AMES patients reported in 2013 to collect the basic information, prognosis, medical and non-medical expenses etc. of patients. The DALYs and economic burden of AMES were estimated by using SPSS 13.0 software. ResultsThe average incidence rate of AMES in Jinan was 8.49/100 000 through 2007 to 2014 and the mortality was 4.96‰. The total DALYs were 36 659.51 and the average DALY was 8.27.77.86% were aged less than 14 years old. The average direct economic burden of each case was 19.5 thousand RMB and the average indirect economic burden caused by DALYs was 69.1 thousand RMB. ConclusionThere's heavy burden from AMES, and measures should be made to reduce the incidence and economic burden.
ObjectiveTo analyze the changing trends in disease burden of femoral fractures in China from 1990 to 2021, evaluate the impacts of age, period, and cohort effects, and project the age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized incidence rates of femoral fractures from 2022 to 2036. MethodsUtilizing open data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, this research characterized the disease burden of femoral fractures in China between 1990 and 2021, including trends in incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs). Age-standardized rates were calculated, and Joinpoint regression models were employed to estimate annual percentage changes (APC) and average annual percentage changes (AAPC). An age-period-cohort (APC) model was applied to quantify the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on disease burden. A Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was further utilized to project age-standardized prevalence rates and age-standardized incidence rates from 2022 to 2036, with stratified analyses by age, sex, and time period. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, age-standardized prevalence (AAPC=0.138 5%), incidence (AAPC=0.294 2%), and YLD rates (AAPC=0.128 3%) exhibited sustained upward trends. Unintentional injuries constituted the predominant etiology of femoral fractures, followed by transport accidents and interpersonal violence/self-harm. In 2021, disease burden escalated with advancing age, with females over 60 years demonstrating significantly higher burdens than males. Age effect coefficients showed a monotonic increase, period effects displayed a U-shaped trajectory (decline followed by rebound), and cohort effects exhibited an inverted U-shaped pattern (rise then decline). Projections indicated continued growth in age-standardized prevalence rates and age-standardized incidence rates through 2036. ConclusionAs the population aging intensifies in China, the disease burden of femoral fractures in our country remains extremely severe. Among them, the elderly female group has become the key focus for prevention and control due to the high prevalence of osteoporosis.