Objectives To systematically review the relationship between indoor decoration and childhood leukemia in China. Methods CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to obtain case-control studies of the relationships between indoor decoration and childhood leukemia from inception to December 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 13 studies involving 1 727 cases and 2 468 controls were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that indoor decoration could increase the risk of childhood leukemia in China (OR=2.69, 95%CI 1.82 to 3.98, P<0.000 01). Conclusions The current evidence suggests that indoor decoration is a risk factor for childhood leukemia in Chinese. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
ObjectiveChildhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a common syndrome of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.However, little is known about the brain structural changes in this type of epilepsy, especially in the default mode network (DMN) regions.Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive techniques that can be used to quantitatively explore structural characteristics of brain.This study aims at using the DTI technique to quantify structural abnormalities of DMN nodes in CAE patients.MethodDTI data were obtained in 14 CAE patients and 13 age-and gender-matched healthy controls.The data were analyzed using voxel-based analysis (VBA) and statistically compared between patients and controls.For the regions with significant difference in group comparison, their DTI metrics were further analyzed with clinical symptoms using Pearson's correlation.ResultsPatients showed significant increase of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in left medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) (P=0.042), while fractional anisotropy (FA) value was significantly decreased in left precuneus (P=0.010).In correlation analysis, ADC value from left MPFC was positively associated with duration of epilepsy.Neither the disease duration nor the seizure frequency showed significant correlation with FA values.ConclusionThe findings indicate that structural impairments exist in DMN regions in children suffering from absence epilepsy.This may contribute to understanding the pathological mechanisms and chronic neurological deficits of this disorder.
ObjectiveTo investigate the medical knowledge and treatment compliance of parents of asthma children in Gaoming District, Foshan City. MethodOne hundred consecutive parents of asthma children who sought pediatric service in Gaoming People's Hospital from January to December in 2012 were surveyed by the use of Knowledge-Belief-Behavior Questionnaire developed by Capital Research Center of Pediatrics. ResultsNinety-five of the one hundred questionnaires provided useful data for analysis. Among these parents, 63.18% understood the nature of asthma being hyperactive inflammatory disease of the airways; 78.91% believed it to be controllable by regular treatment; only 21.05% of asthma children under parental guidance received inhaled corticosteroids on a regular basis; 14.74% considered their children fit for physical exercises when stabilized; 22.10% chose inhaled β2 agonists as "relievers" during attacks; 61.05% were concerned about the side effects on growth of inhaled corticosteroids and 48.42% discontinued its use against physician's instruction; 82.11% of asthma children had not been evaluated by Asthma Control Questionnaire. ConclusionsParents of asthma children in Gaoming District, Foshan City have weak links in the understanding of this condition. Though most believe it to be controllable under regular treatment, the overall compliance is unsatisfactory. Therefore, knowledge of asthma should be propagated at various public fronts in order to better improve the treatment compliance and consequently the disease control, of asthma children.
Objective To analyze the causal relationship between gut microbiota and childhood asthma based on Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods The human gut microbiota dataset was downloaded from the MiBioGen database, and 196 known bacterial groups (9 phyla, 16 classes, 20 orders, 32 families, and 119 genera) were retained as exposure factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were strongly correlated with exposure factors and independent of each other were selected as effective instrumental variables. A childhood asthma dataset with 3 025 patients and 135 449 controls was downloaded from the genome-wide association studies database as the outcome variable. Two-sample MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted model and simple model methods, respectively. The causal association between gut microbiota and childhood asthma was evaluated by odds ratio (OR). Sensitivity analysis was performed by leave-one-out method. Horizontal pleiotropy was tested by MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test, and Cochran’s Q test was used for heterogeneity. Results A total of 15 out of 196 gut microbiota groups were found to have a causal association (P<0.05) with the risk of childhood asthma, with a total of 181 SNPs included in the analysis. Inverse variance weighted analysis showed that Mollicutes [OR=1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.10, 1.83), P=0.007], Escherichia-Shigella [OR=1.39, 95%CI (1.02, 1.90), P=0.036], Oxalobacter [OR=1.30, 95%CI (1.10, 1.54), P=0.002], Ruminococcaceae UCG-009 [OR=1.34, 95%CI (1.09, 1.64), P=0.006] and Tenericutes [OR=1.42, 95%CI (1.10, 1.83), P=0.007] were significantly positively correlated with childhood asthma. Actinobacteria [OR=0.76, 95%CI (0.58, 0.99), P=0.042], Bifidobacteriaceae [OR=0.76, 95%CI (0.58, 0.98), P=0.035], Eubacterium nodatum group [OR=0.81, 95%CI (0.70, 0.94), P=0.007], Bifidobacterales [OR=0.76, 95%CI (0.58, 0.98), P=0.035] and Actinobacteria [OR=0.74, 95%CI (0.56, 0.99), P=0.040] were negatively correlated with childhood asthma. In addition, the results of leave-one-out sensitivity analysis were stable, MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test showed no horizontal pleiotropy, and Cochran’s Q test showed no heterogeneity. Conclusions There is a causal relationship between gut microbiota and childhood asthma. Mollicutes, Escherichia-Shigella, Oxalobacter, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009 and Tenericutes may increase the risk of childhood asthma. Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriaceae, Eubacterium nodatum group, Bifidobacterales and Actinobacteria can reduce the risk of childhood asthma.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of allogeneic decalcified bone graft in the treatment of nonunion in children. METHODS From April 1990 to September 1997, 17 children with nonunion were adopted in this study. Among them, there were 10 boys and 7 girls, the age ranged from 2 to 13 years. The allogeneic decalcified bone graft taken from fresh corpse by aseptic manipulation were used to repair 3 cases of congenital nonunion and 14 cases of acquired nonunion. RESULTS All cases were followed up 2 to 9 years after operation, 9 cases were cured successfully and 7 cases were cured after twice operations. One case of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia was operated twice and there were callus grown half years after the second operation, but reoccurred after one year. Although there were 1.5 cm to 3 cm shortening deformity of extremity including another 2 cases of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia and 5 cases of nonunion caused by chronic osteomyelitis, the function of joint was normal. CONCLUSION Treatment of nonunion in children by allogeneic decalcified bone graft is a valuable technique in clinical practice. It is characterised by high capacity of osteoinduction, low antigenicity, rapid bony union, plentiful source of bone graft and convenient utilization.
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem that seriously affects the normal growth and development of children. In recent years, a large number of studies have pointed out that the intestinal microbiome is closely related to childhood obesity, and the treatment strategies targeting the intestinal microbiome have a certain improvement effect on childhood obesity. This article elaborates on the establishment and development of intestinal microbiome, intestinal microbiome characteristics, the mechanisms of intestinal microbiome involvement in the occurrence and development of childhood obesity, and potential intervention strategies, so as to provide more ideas for basic and clinical research on childhood obesity.
Objective To explore the inducing factors, the serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE of bronchial asthma in Mianyang children, for better control of childhood asthma. Methods A total of 1 288 cases of asthma who were hospitalized in pediatric respiratory ward or asthma clinic from March 2013 to February 2016 were enrolled in the study. All cases complied with the diagnostic criteria for acute episode of childhood bronchial asthma revised in 2008 by the National Children’s Asthma Cooperative Group. The causes of asthma attack were asked by doctors, and the patient’s serum total IgE and specific IgE was tested. Results Respiratory tract infections were the most common cause (1 057 cases, 82.1%), which was followed by weather changes and exposure to cold air (694 cases, 53.9%), and then food (304, 23.6%). The risk of asthma induced by respiratory infections was highest in <2-year old group (358 cases, 97.5%), and lowest in 10-14-year old group (42 cases, 33.3%), with a decreasing trend with age (χ2trend=239.865, P<0.001). Food was also an important inducing factor, and seafood was the most frequent (121 cases, 39.8%). Total serum IgE was positive in 868 cases (67.4%). The positive rate in <2-year old group (52.6%) was the lowest, and the positive rate in 10-14-year old group (89.7%) was the highest, with an increasing trend with age (χ2trend=88.055, P<0.001). Serum specific IgE was positive in 733 cases (56.9%). The positive rate in <2-year old group (37.1%) was the lowest, and the positive rate in 10-14-year old group (92.6%) was the highest, with an increasing trend with age (χ2trend=150.361, P<0.001). The progressive rate of dust mites in inhalation and dietary allergens was highest (668 cases, 51.8%), which was followed by house dust (431 cases, 33.4%). Conclusions The most common inducing factor for bronchial asthma in Mianyang children is respiratory tract infection, followed by the weather changes and cold air exposure, and then food. Detection of serum total IgE and specific IgE is more valuable in elderly children with bronchial asthma.
ObjectiveUsing retrospective study to analyze the data of 112 patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and investigate the clinical characteristics and provide some clinical experience in treatment. MethodsWe collected the medical records of 112 cases of BECTS children in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University of children's clinics from January 2011 to December 2012. According to whether taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) treatment regularly, the 112 cases with BECTS was divided into the treated group and the non-treated group, then analyzed the clinical characteristics between the two groups retrospectively, including age of onset, single episode duration, frequency of seizure, pattern of seizure and EEG performances. ResultsThrough regular AEDs treatment, the duration of a single attack was shortened, generalized tonic-clonic seizure(GTCS) was decreased significantly in the treatment group (P < 0.05). For patients whose seizure frequency was≥3 times/3 months, AEDs could effectively control or reduce their seizure frequency (P < 0.05), while AEDs had no obvious effect on the seizure frequency of those whose seizure frequency was≤2 times/3 months (P > 0.05). In the treatment group, 29 cases whose age < 7 controlled their epilepsy attacks after taking AEDs for average of 13.76 months, while 35 cases whose age≥7 controlled their epilepsy attacks after taking AEDs for average of 6.36 months. Conclusion①BECTS patients with a long duration of a single attack and seizure frequency more than 3 times/3 months could be effectively controlled after receiving early AEDs treatment.②The younger age of onset (< 7 years old) required longer AEDs treatment to control seizures.
Abstract From 1980 to 1985, 21 cases of free transplantation of fibula were performed. There were 6 children in this series, and 4 children were followed up for 9 to 12 years (average 10 years). The Xray showed that distal epiphysis of tibia had a normal width at the medial side and gradully tapered toward the lateral side in a "wedgeshaped" apperance. The articular space of the tibiotalar joint inclined to the fibularside. The hight of the talus was higher laterally, leading to eversion deformity of the ankle joint. The medial and lateral malleoli were smaller than normal, and thus the ankle joint mortise became shallow. The trabeculae of the tibia were irregularly arranged. The lateral cortex of the tibia was thicker than that of the medial one. In one case, the bone density of the lateral side of the "wedgeshaped" epiphysis had increased as high as that ofthe cortex with disappearance of trabeculae. The biomechanics of fibular boneand the mechanism of development of disturbance of ankle joint in childhood were analyzed. Close attention should be paid to this disturbance.
Objective To investigate biological markers that differentiate states during various seizure periods of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) by examining the spatiotemporal dynamics of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals from Default Mode Network (DMN) nodes, revealing the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying changes in consciousness during CAE seizures. MethodsThirty-six drug-native children diagnosed with CAE were recruited. The interictal data, ictal data of CAE children were collected using a CTF-225 channel MEG system. Conduct temporal homogeneity partitioning for all seizure period data, co-registering 14 distinct seizure states. Identify 12 brain regions associated with the default mode network (DMN) as regions of interest (ROI); employ minimum norm estimation in conjunction with the Welch method to compute the power spectral density (PSD) of the ROI; conduct differential analysis on the relative PSD values; and use a random forest model to identify significant PSD features that differentiate between states of epilepsy. ResultsPower changes in DMN-related brain regions across various frequency bands show significant synchrony. During a seizure, the power in the δ band rapidly increases at the onset and quickly decreases at the end. Meanwhile, the power in the θ-γ2 bands decreases at the beginning and gradually recovers after the seizure. During the O+2 phase following seizure onset, the power in the β band peaks briefly before rapidly declining. The medial frontal cortex has lower power in the δ frequency band during seizures compared to other DMN brain regions, but higher power in the α frequency band. The random forest model's feature importance analysis reveals that the precuneus, lateral temporal lobe and medial temporal lobe play important roles in identifying seizure states. Power changes in the precuneus in the α and δ frequency bands improve the model's classification accuracy. ConclusionsThis study investigated the dynamic spatiotemporal characteristics of the DMN during CAE seizures, revealing the typical manifestations of power changes in specific brain regions and frequency bands at the onset, maintenance, and termination of seizures. It was discovered that power of the precuneus can act as an important feature to distinguish between different stages of CAE seizures. These findings shed new light on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying changes in consciousness states in CAE.