ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the occurrence, metastasis, and treatment of colon cancer. MethodsThe literature on the structure and the property of molecular biology of NFκB, the relationship between NFκB and apopotosis, malignant tumor and colon cancer were reviewed.ResultsNFκB had action of antiapopotosis. The occurrence of malignant tumor had close relation with the oncogene by NFκB, the metastasis of malignant tumor was that cell of cancer escaped the killing and supervising of immunity by NFκB. NFκB affected the occurrence and metastasis of colon cancer by regulating cmyc, Cox2, ICAM1.Conclusion NFκB has important action in the occurrence and metastasis of colon cancer. It will become a new target of treatment.
Objective To investigate the mechanism and clinical significance of vincristine (VCR) inhibiting gastrinproliferation effects on human colon cell line SW480. Methods Effects of VCR on the viable cell count (A value), myoinositol triphosphate (IP3, CPM value), 〔Ca2+〕i and protein kinase C (PKC) activity of human colon cell line SW480 were evaluated in vitro by MTT assay,3Hmyoinositol incorporation, fluorescence measurements and γ-32P-ATP incorporation.Results A value of VCR+PG group was lower than that of PG or control group (Ｐ＜0.01 vs control, Ｐ＜0.01 vs PG). The concentration of IP3 or 〔Ca2+〕i in VCR+PG group was lower than that in PG group (Ｐ＜0.01 vs PG); and the PKC activity of membrane was lower than that in PG group (Ｐ＜0.05 vs PG, Ｐ＞0.05 vs control). Conclusion Effects of vincristine may be through the phosphoinositide signaling pathway on gastrinstimulating cell proliferation in human colon cell line SW480. It has provided an experimental evidence for antisignaling therapy for patients with colon cancer.
Objective To evaluate the significance of serum colon cancer-specific antigen-2 （CCSA-2） in diagnosisof colorectal cancer （CRC）. Methods By using ELISA method， the serum CCSA-2 was measured from 105 patients with 5 kinds of diseases， including CRC， gastric cancer， inguinal hernia， acute appendicitis， and breast cancer， who weretreated in our hospital from Jul. to Dec. in 2008， and 20 health donors were enrolled in addition. The blood samples were collected on 3 days before surgery， but blood samples from patients with acute appendicitis were collected before emergencysurgery， blood samples of health donors were collected on 1 day before ELISA test. Results The level of serum CCSA-2 in CRC patients was （99.27±6.25） μg/L， which was significantly higher than those of other patients and health individuals〔（53.58±2.73） μg/L， t=48.29， P=0.000〕. Serum CCSA-2 at a cutoff of 73.96μg/L had a sensitivity of 100% （95% CI：100%-100%） and a specificity of 100% （95% CI：100%-100%） in separating CRC populations from all other indivi-duals by using receiver operator characteristic curve （ROC） analysis. As compared with carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and CA19-9， the serum CCSA-2 assay （at a cutoff of 73.96μg/L） was significantly more sensitive than CEA and CA19-9 assay in CRC detection （P＜0.01）. Serum CCSA-2 was not related with patients’ gender （P=0.81）， age （P=0.59）， TNM stage （P=0.85）， Dukes stage （P=0.63）， nuclear grade （P=0.44）， as well as expressions of multidrug resistance associated protein （P=0.33）， P-glycoprotein （P=0.72）， and topoisomeraseⅡ（P=0.95）， but higher in patients with colon cancer than those of patients with rectal cancer （P=0.02）. Conclusion Serum CCSA-2 may be a useful biomarker in diagnosis of CRC， and it may be only related to tumorigenesis， but is irrelated to tumor progression and chemotherapy.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of specific farnesiod X receptor(FXR) agonist on growth of colon cancer cells in vitro. MethodsThe effects of specific FXR agonist(GW4064) on the growth of HCT116 cells of colon cancer were studied in vitro by using MTT and flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of FXR and vascular endothelial grouth factor(VEGF), were determined by using RT-PCR. ResultsThe FXR specific agonist GW4064 could increase the FXR mRNA expression of HCT-116 cells of colon cancer, downregulation of VEGF mRNA expression, and had obvious inhibitory effect on growth of HCT-116 cells, and promoted the apoptosis of HCT116 cells in a dose and time dependence. ConclusionsGW4064 can significantly inhibit colon cancer cells in vitro. FXR may be a potential treatment arget of colon cancer.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of chewing gun on the promotion of intestinal function recovery after colorectal cancer surgery. MethodsWe searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CBM and CNKI databases from their inception to December 2014, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing chewing gun in patients after colorectal cancer surgery. References of included studies were also retrieved. Two reviewers independently screened studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsNine RCTs involved 686 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis indicated that, compared with the control group, chewing gun could significantly reduce the time to first passage of flatus (MD=-17.33, 95%CI -23.96 to -10.70, P<0.000 01), the time to the first defecation (MD=-22.25, 95%CI -36.45 to -8.05, P=0.002) and postoperative hospital stay (MD=-1.37, 95%CI -2.25 to -0.49, P=0.002) after colorectal cancer surgery, and could also reduce the intestinal obstruction caused by intestinal paralysis (OR=0.33, 95%CI 0.14 to 0.77, P=0.01). However, no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting was found. ConclusionEarly chewing gum can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients after colorectal cancer operation.
Objective To detect the anti-colon cancer ability of whole cell lysates pulsed dendritic cell (DC) which acts as an adjuvant. Methods Whole cell lysates of LoVo cells were extracted with freeze thawing method, then the monocyte-derived DC were pulsed with this cellular antigen. Subsequently, the capability of antigen pulsed DC to promote T lymphocytes proliferation and the ability of T lymphocytes to kill LoVo cells were detected by 3H-TdR incorporation and lactate dehydrogenase release methods, respectively. Results The whole cell lysates of LoVo cells pulsed DC significantly stimulated T cells proliferation, and the cytotoxicity abilities of primed T cells to kill LoVo cells were also enhanced. Conclusion Tumor cell lysates which act as the cellular antigen to pulse DC can improve the efficacy of anti-cancer immune response， which provides us an experimental evidence for cancer immunotherapy.
ObjectiveTo detect 5-FU concentration and investigate the changes of pathology， and Ki-67 protein expression after intraoperative regional chemotherapy (RC) for colon cancer. MethodsAll the patients were randomized into two groups: RC group (n=20), received intraoperational RC with 100 ml physiological saline contained 5-FU (15 mg/kg) and camptothecine (0.06 mg/kg)； control group (n=20), saline alone. The samples from portal vein blood, peripheral blood, peritoneal fluid， and peri-cancerous tissues in RC group were taken to detect the 5-FU concentration by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively at 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes after treatment. The pathological changes were observed and Ki-67 protein expressions were examined by immunohistochemical staining for all the cancer tissues postoperatively in two groups. ResultsPeak concentration of 5-FU appeared at 2 min after treatment, and decreased gradually. 5-FU concentration in peritoneal fluid was the highest, and the lowest in the peripheral blood (Plt;0.01). In RC group， light karyopyknosis, nuclear swelling, and coagulative necrosis of cancer cells, and light intercellular substance hydropsia, inflammatory cells invasion were observed under light microscopic examination; light vasculitis presented also in five cases. Nuclear swelling, heterochromatin agglutination, perinuclear gap expansion, mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum expansion, and Golgi complex expansion were observed with transmission electron microscope. Ki-67 protein expression of colon cance tissues in RC group was lower than that in control group （Plt;0.05）. Conclusions Intraoperative RC for colon cancer may sustain a high concentration of chemotherapy drugs in peritoneal fluid and portal vein blood, and alter histopathological morphology of cancer cells, and suppress Ki-67 protein expression. So, intraoperative RC may play an important role in preventing intraoperative spreading and postoperative recurrence of colon cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in colon cancer and the effect of its expression on proliferation of colon cancer cell. MethodsThirty cases of colon cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2013 to April 2013 were studied. TFAM mRNA was detected both in colon cancer tissue and para-cancer tissue by real-time PCR. TFAM mRNA and protein were detected in normal colon cell strain and colon cancer strains SW480, HT-29, and HCT116 by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The proliferation of SW480 cells was evaluated after up-regulating TFAM. ResultsThe expression of TFAM mRNA in the colon cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in the para-cancer tissue (P < 0.000 1). The expressions of TFAM mRNA were obviously increased in the SW480, HT-29, and HCT116 cells as compared with the normal colon cell strain (P value was 0.000 8, 0.002 3, and 0.000 6, respectively), among which the most notable increase was detected in the SW480 cells. The expressions of TFAM protein were obviously increased in the SW480, HT-29, and HCT116 cells as compared with the normal colon cell strain (P value was 0.000 2, 0.003 8, and 0.001 6, respectively), among which the most notable increase was detected in the SW480 cells. After up-regulating TFAM by plasmid transfection, the proliferation of the pcDNA3.1-TFAM-SW480 cell was increased significantly as compared with the pcDNA3.1-SW480 cell at 96 h and 120 h after transfection by the MTT test (P < 0.000 1). The proliferation of the pcDNA3.1-TFAM-SW480 cell was increased significantly as compared with the pcDNA3.1-SW480 cell at 48 h after transfection by the BrdU test (P < 0.001 0). ConclusionTFAM expression is high in colon cancer. Up-regulated TFAM could promote the proliferation of colon cancer cells.
Objective To analyse the clinico-pathological characteristics of young patients with colorectal cancer. Methods From January 1980 to January 2000, among 1 030 patients with colorectal cancer admitted for surgical treatment, 143 (13.9%) patients were ＜35 years of age. The clinicopathological data of these young patients were reviewed and compared with those of patients in the other age groups. Results In this series of young patients, males were predominat. Most of them were with poorly differentiated (37.8%) and muco-cellular (29.6%) adenocarcinoma. The mast common gross morphology was infiltrating type (56.6%) and colloid carcinoma type (31.5%). The majority of patients (89.5%) were in Dukes stage B and stage C. Conclusion The prognosis of young patients with colorectal cancer surgically treated is worse, due to the fact that most of them are in late stage and their cancers are worse in differentiation. To increase the awareness of cancer in the young is important for early diagnosis and treatment and better prognosis.
Objective To investigate the feasibility and indication of synchronous resection of colonic carcinoma and its hepatic metastasis. Methods Radical sigmoidectomy and right hemi-hepatectomy plus left lateral segment resection were performed at the same time in a 71-year-old patient with sigmoid carcinoma and multiple hepatic metastasis. Results The operation lasted for 5 hours and 10 minutes with 300ml blood lost during the procedure. The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged 2 weeks after operation. Follow-up showed no reoccurrence up to the day of this presentation(4 months).Conclusion The operation could be performed safely by experienced surgeon in good-equipment hospital.