Objective To explore the change of EEG waveform recorded by clinical EEG under different filtering parameters. Methods22 abnormal EEG samples of epilepsy patients with abundant abnormal waveforms recorded in Peking University first hospital were selected as the case group (abnormal group), and 30 normal EEG samples of healthy people with matched sex and age were selected as the control group (normal group). Visual examination and power spectrum analysis were then performed to compare the difference of wave forms and spectrum power under different settings of filter parameter between the two groups. ResultsThe results of visual examination show that, lower high-frequency filtering has an effect on the fast wave composition of EEG and may distort and reduce the spike wave. Higher low-frequency filtering has an effect on the overall background and slow wave activity of EEG and may change the amplitude morphology of some slow waves. The results of power spectrum analysis show that, Compare the difference between the EEG normal group and the abnormal group, the main difference under the settings of 0.5~70Hz was on the θ and α3 frequency band, different brain regions were slightly different. In the central region, the difference in the high frequency band (α3, γ1, γ2) decreases or disappears with the decrease of the high frequency filtering. In the rest of the brain, the difference in the δ band appears gradually with the increase of the low frequency filtering. Compare the difference between frontal area and occipital area under different filter set, for the normal group, under the settings of 0.5 ~ 70 Hz, the difference between two regions is mainly on the θ, γ1 and γ2 band. When high frequency filter reduces, the difference between two regions on high frequency band (γ1, γ2) are gradually reduced or disappeared. And when low frequency filter increases, the difference on δ band appears. For the abnormal group, the difference between frontal and occipital region under the settings of 0.5 ~ 70 Hz is mainly on γ1 and γ2 bands. When the high-frequency filter decreases, the difference between two regions on high-frequency bands are gradually decreased or disappeared. All the results can be corrected by FDR. ConclusionThe results show that the filter setting has a significant influence on EEG results. In clinical application, we should strictly set 0.5 ~ 70 Hz bandpass filtering as the standard.
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and video EEG features of patients with post-stroke epilepsy (PSE).MethodsThe clinical data of 68 patients with epilepsy after cerebral infarction and 33 patients with epilepsy after cerebral hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively from January 2015 to June 2018 in the Affilated Hospital of Jining Medical University. There were 5 cases of early-onset epilepsy, and the rest were late-onset epilepsy. There were 68 cases of cerebral infarction (1 case showed post-infarction hemorrhagic transformation), 33 cases of cerebral hemorrhage; 51 females, 50 males (f∶m = 1.02∶1); the onset age was 45 ~ 101 years, with an average of (68.10 ± 10.26) years.ResultsThe time from seizure to stroke in 101 cases was (28.92 ± 35.61) months, 60 cases (59.40%) ≤ 1 year, 26 cases (25.74%) 1 ~ 5 years, and 15 cases (14.85%) 5 ~ 10 years. Post-stroke epilepsy had no relation to gender (P>0.05). The age of onset is mostly in 60 to 75 years old (62.38%). Seizure often happen within 1 year after stroke (59.4%). The type of attack is focal seizure (77.23%). Cortical infarction (77.94%), cerebral artery stenosis (83.82%), hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation are risk factors for epilepsy after infarction. The abnormal rate of EEG for PSE is 90.1%, which was manifested as slow wave in the lesion side, epileptic wave in the lesion side or contralateral side.ConclusionsThe location, duration, age and severity of cerebral artery stenosis in patients with PSE are closely related to the occurrence of seizure. VEEG plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of epilepsy.
ObjectiveAicardi and Goutières syndrome was first reported as a rare hereditary encephalopathy with white matter involvement in 1984. Typical clinical manifestations include severe mental motor development retardation or regression, pyramidal and extrapyramidal symptoms and signs, epilepsy, microcephaly and frostbite.MethodsTo collect a case of patient who presented with convulsions 14 days after birth without obvious inducement. The child was diagnosed as epilepsy in the local hospital and the symptoms improved after treatment with antiepileptic drugs. At 4 months, the child presented nods and clenched fists, and was diagnosed as infantile spasm. After Adrenocorticotrophic hormone and drug treatment, the symptoms gradually improved. Due to upper respiratory track infection, the child was aggravated at the age of 1 year and 2 months, and then diagnosed as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome by video EEG, skull MRI, fundus and gene screening.ResultsSurgery and treatment with antiepileptic drugs significantly improved the symptoms of the child, and the pathological biopsy of the brain tissue supported the previous diagnosis.ConclusionsThe report of this case will help to improve the clinician's diagnosis and treatment of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome.
Epilepsy has been recognized as a brain network disorder. Therefore, functional MRI (fMRI)-based connectivity is an ideal technique for exploring the complex effects of epilepsy on the brain. Functional connectivity studies have provided insights into the physiopathogenesis of the epileptic network underlying focal epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsy, and specific epileptic syndromes. An increasing number of studies have focused on the deleterious effects of epilepsy on other brain networks to help to explain cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms. Anti-epileptic treatment studies have yielded information about the side effects and the restoration of functional abnormalities after using the drug. Researchers who have examined predictors of surgical outcomes have suggested that there might be identifiable pre-surgical patterns of functional connectivity that are associated with a greater likelihood of positive cognitive or seizure outcomes. However, knowledge regarding the role of fMRI connectivity remains limited in clinical settings. Further validation through invasive investigations and follow-up studies is required for its reliable application in the clinical management of individual patients. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Epilepsy Association.
ObjectiveVideo electroencephalography (VEEG) monitoring for health education of elderly patients based on a process-based communication model, and explore the impact of this model on the success rate, negative emotions, nursing satisfaction, and active cooperation rate of such patients.MethodsFrom September 2017 to September 2019, 118 patients with suspected epilepsy, encephalitis and other diseases who required VEEG monitoring in Suining Central Hospital were selected for this study (patients aged 61 to 73 years; 54 males and 64 females). Patients were divided into 2 groups using a random number table method, 59 patients in each group.A group received routine nursing, and B group received health education based on the process communication model. The monitoring success rate, negative emotion, active cooperation rate, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe total effective rate in the B group was 86.44%, which was significantly higher than 76.27% in the A group (P<0.05). After nursing intervention, the scores of anxiety and depression in the two groups were significantly decreased, but the decline was greater in the B group (P<0.05). The active cooperation rate and nursing satisfaction of the B group were significantly higher than those of the A group (P<0.05).ConclusionCompared with conventional nursing, health education based on process communication mode can significantly improve the success rate of VEEG monitoring in elderly patients, alleviate the negative emotions of patients, improve the active cooperation rate and nursing satisfaction.
It is an important means to study the electrical activity of the brain's nerve cells by exploring physiological information of the EEGs from the frequency domain. The gravity frequency is one of the global parameters with using this method. We used the multitaper spectrum method (MTM) spectrum estimation method of good performance to calculate the EEG spectrum and its gravity frequency of subjects under vigilance and vigilance decrement state. The results showed that the gravity frequency of vigilance state was higher than that of vigilance decrement state, the gravity frequency became smaller along with the vigilance decrement, and the location of the gravity frequency shifted to the left in the spectrum. Finally, the monitoring curve of the gravity frequency was acquired by designing an algorithm, and it was used to online monitoring vigilance operators.
ObjectivesTo review the value of sleep deprivation EEG methodology in the diagnosis of epilepsy.MethodsSuch databases as Pubmed, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI Data are searched electronically and comprehensively for literature on the diagnosis of epilepsy by sleep deprivation EEG from inception to January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Then, meta-analysis was performed using Stata software.ResultsA total of 14studies involving 1221 patients were included in total. The results of meta-analysis showed that: Duration of sleep deprivation and effect value of positive rate [ r=0.670, 95%CI (0.664, 0.696), P<0.001 ], duration of the awake period records and effect value of positive rate [ r=0.659, 95%CI (0.596, 0.722), P<0.001 ], duration of sleep period records and effect value of positive rate [ r=0.67, 95%CI(0.619, 0.721), P<0.001 ], with significant differences.ConclusionsThe duration of sleep deprivation, the awake period records, and the sleep period records of sleep deprivation EEG examination, sleep deprivation time between 16 h to 24 h, the awake recording time ≥30 min, and the sleep recording time ≥ 60 min (≤ 3 h) can obviously improve the positive rate of sleep deprivation EEG.
Objective To investigate the clinical and EEG characteristics, therapeutic response and prognosis in children with atypical absence seizures. Methods The clinical and EEG data of 43 children with atypical absence seizures in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University during January 2011 to December 2016 were analyzed, and therapeutic response and prognosis were followed up. Results Childre were 24 male and 19 female with the mean age of 5.43 y. The onset ages were from 1 years and 8 months to 10 years and 3 months. All of the 43 patients had MRI examines, and 18 children were normol. MRI abnormalities appeared in 25 children, including cerebral cortical dysplasia and cerebral atrophy (13 cases), congenital corpus callosum hypoplasia (2 cases), and abnormal signal in bilateral posterior putamen (2 cases), encephalomalacia focus(4 cases), ventricle expention (2 cases), hydrocephalus(2 cases). All the children underwent EEG more than once. All children had atypical absence seizures during daytime. Children had slowly backgrounds in retesting EEG, and spine and slow waves of 1.5 Hz to 2.8 Hz could be seen in all the atypical absence seizures. All children were followed up, and except 6 children with complete control, 19 children’ parents reported seizure- free, 18 children have poor effect. Forty Children had various degrees of psychological abnormalities and motor regression. Among them 13 cases had psychological abnormalities and motor regression before disease; cognitive ability of 27 cases were normal before onset age, however, about 75% to 95% of the children became abnormal 2 years after atypical absence seizures. The rest 3 cases had no obviously impairment. Conclusions Most of the atypical absence seizures children had small onset age and high incidence in mental damage and cognitive impairment. The course of typical absence seizures aggravate gradually, and often develops to nonspecific brain damage in this process. Antiepileptic drugs can reduce the frequency of the seizure in part of the patients, but had no effect on psychological and motor regression.