The strategies of individualized enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) are particularly important in the anesthesia management of same-day surgery. This review focuses on the perioperative management of day surgeries following the experiences of Day Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and different surgeries’ guidelines of ERAS, including anesthesia evaluation, preoperative education and optimization, comorbidity management, airway management, choice of technologies and drugs during anesthesia, intraoperative monitor and anesthesia management, postoperative analgesia, postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention, and postoperative management, which is significant to ensure the discharge of the patient in time for same-day surgeries.
Objective To describe the situation of postoperative pain management in colorectal cancer patient in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) mode, and explore its influenceing factors. Methods From March to December 2017, colorectal cancer patients in ERAS mode in Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were selected. On the third day after surgery, a total of 74 patients with acute pain completed a questionnaire, which was composed of a demographic form, the Houston Pain Outcome Instrument (HPOI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale. Mean±standard deviation and percentage were used to describe the total score of pain experience, t test, analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis were used for single-factor analysis, and multiple linear regression was used for multi-factor analysis. Results The mean total score of pain experience was 15.1±3.8. Single-factor analysis results showed that the affection of pain on daily life (rs=0.270, P=0.020), satisfaction of pain controlling education (rs=–0.283, P=0.015), subjective support (rs=–0.326, P=0.005), and social support utilization (rs=–0.253, P=0.029) were correlated with the total score of pain experience. Multi-factor analysis results showed that satisfaction of pain controlling education (P<0.001) and subjective support (P=0.005) were negative influencing factors of postoperative pain experience score, and severe anxiety (P=0.001) and pain expectation after surgery (P=0.016) were positive influencing factors of postoperative pain experience score. Conclusions Pain management situation is not so bad in these patients. High satisfaction of pain controlling education and high subjective social support are helpful to decrease pain. The medical staff should pay more attention to patients with severe anxiety, and help patients to establish reasonable pain expectation after surgery.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of enhanced recovery after pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery (ERAS).MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane library, CBM, CNKI and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect clinical controlled trials of comparing ERAS and the traditional rehabilitation management in patients who received pancreaticoduodenectomy from inception to March 31st, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 software.ResultsA total of 12 non-randomized historical controlled trials involving 2 588 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that ERAS shortened postoperative hospital stay (MD=–5.44, 95%CI –7.73 to –3.15, P<0.000 01) and the time to the first passage of flatus (MD=–1.40, 95%CI –2.60 to –0.20,P=0.02), reduced the rate of postoperative complication (OR=0.61, 95%CI 0.52 to 0.72, P<0.000 01), pancreatic fistula (OR=0.81, 95%CI 0.66 to 0.99,P=0.04) and delayed gastric emptying (OR=0.49, 95%CI 0.38 to 0.63, P<0.000 01). However, there was no significant difference in incidences of biliary fistula, abdominal cavity infection, wound infection and postoperative pulmonary infection between two groups.ConclusionsThe application of ERAS in pancreaticoduodenectomy is effective and does not increase postoperative complication. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of rehabilitation therapy on postoperative pulmonary function and exercise capacity of patients with lung cancer during the hospitalization in the setting of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols.MethodsA total of 110 lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2017 to December 2018 were randomly divided into the rehabilitation treatment group (the trial group, n=54) and the non-rehabilitation treatment group (the control group, n=56). The trial group got out of bed within 24 hours after surgery and performed respiratory rehabilitation training. The control group did not receive rehabilitation after surgery. Pulmonary function and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) were evaluated preoperatively and prior to discharge in both groups to compare the differences in pulmonary function and exercise capacity between the two groups.ResultsThe preoperative forced vital capacity (FVC) in the trial group and the control group were (2.45±0.57) and (2.47±0.61) L, respectively; the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were (2.29±0.55) and (2.22±0.55) L, respectively; 6MWD were (592±51) and (576±57) m, respectively; the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Prior to discharge, the FVC in the trial group and the control group were (1.43±0.36) and (1.19±0.33) L, respectively; FEV1 were (1.28±0.32) and (1.06±0.61) L, respectively; 6MWD were (264±43) and (218±37) m, respectively. The results of pre-discharge evaluation were significantly lower than those of preoperative evaluation (P<0.01). The pre-discharge FVC, FEV1, and 6MWD in the trial group were significantly superior to those in the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionIn the setting of ERAS protocols, postoperative rehabilitation therapy during hospitalizations can improve pulmonary function and promote the recovery of exercise capacity in lung cancer patients more effectively.
Music has a powerful influence on people’s psychology and emotions. Many clinical research reports confirm that music therapy can directly affect and improve people’s psychological and physiological status, alleviate patients’anxiety and other adverse physiological emotions, improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment, and promote rapid recovery. Lung cancer surgery has the characteristics of great trauma, high incidence of postoperative complications and poor prognosis. Therefore, music therapy has its unique advantages for lung cancer. With the rapid development of thoracic surgery (ERAS), as an important part of psychological intervention, music therapy plays an irreplaceable role in the surgical treatment of lung cancer. This article reviews the impact of music therapy on anxiety in lung cancer surgery.
Objective To explore the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pain management after knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Doctor-nurse pain management team was established based on ERAS between June and July 2016, and the pain management was carried out after training the doctors and nurses. According to the formula of two-sample mean comparison and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 TKA patients admitted to the hospital from March to May 2016 were assigned into the control group (before intervention) and 60 TKA patients admitted from August to October 2016 were assigned into the trial group (after intervention). The patients in the control group received routine pain management. In the trial group, preventive analgesia was performed, pain health education paths were built and ISBAR communication mode was made preoperatively; anesthesia protocols were optimized intraoperatively; multimodal analgesia based on time-demand was used postoperatively; continuing analgesia program was provided at the discharge. The pain score, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, average length of stay (ALOS) and average hospitalization cost (excluding materials) were compared between the two groups. Results The pain scores between the two groups at the admission and 6 hours after surgery were not statistically different (P>0.05), and the pain scores in the trial group 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The HSS scores between the two groups at the admission were not statistically different (P>0.05), and the HSS scores in the trial group 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). And ALOS and average hospitalization cost (excluding materials) in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of ERAS in pain management after TKA can effectively alleviate the postoperative pain, improve the patients’ knee function, shorten the ALOS, and decrease the average hospitalization cost.
Objective To explore the application effect of same-day surgery mode in adult patients with inguinal hernia repair under enhanced recovery after surgery mode. Methods The perioperative data of adults undergoing inguinal hernia repair in the Day Surgery Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University between August 2020 and March 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The adult patients with inguinal hernia repair who received routine daytime surgery were taken as the control group (routine group), and the adult patients with inguinal hernia repair who received same-day surgery were selected as the trial group (same-day group). The differences in safety, cost and patient experience between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results A total of 319 patients were included, including 152 in the routine group and 167 in the same-day group. There was no significant difference in gender, education level, occupation and hernia ring diameter between the two groups (P>0.05). The age of the patients in the same-day group was older than that in the routine group [(49.49±12.88) vs. (46.41±14.12) years, P<0.05]. The hernia position of the two groups was mostly on the right side, but there was a difference in the hernia position (P<0.05). In terms of safety indicators, the majority of patients in the two groups used local anesthesia. The proportion of local anesthesia (98.2% vs. 76.3%), the amount of intraoperative bleeding [2.8 (2.0, 5.0) vs. 1.3 (0.0, 5.0) mL] in the same-day group were higher than those in the routine group, and the operation time [25.2 (20.0, 33.0) vs. 32.3 (26.0, 40.7) min] in the same-day group was shorter than that in the routine group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the time of getting out of bed and the complications rate on the 3rd and 28th days after operation (P>0.05). There were no intraoperative complications in both groups. In terms of cost indicators, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the hospitalization cost (P>0.05). The surgery cost of the same-day group was higher than that of the routine group [1472.0 (1438.1, 1614.6) vs. 1450.3 (1428.1, 1438.1) yuan, P<0.05]. The drug cost [109.2 (81.3, 138.7) vs. 255.8 (127.0, 261.6) yuan] and the total medical cost [8418.5 (8207.4, 9129.9) vs. 8912.1 (8325.9, 9177.9) yuan] in the same-day group were lower than those in the routine group (P<0.05). In terms of patient experience indicators, the postoperative pain score [0.3 (0.0, 1.0) vs. 0.2 (0.0, 0.0)] and satisfaction score [3.3 (3.0, 4.0) vs. 3.0 (3.0, 3.0)] of the same-day group were higher than those of the routine group (P<0.05). Conclusion Both the same-day surgery mode and the routine surgery mode of adult patients with inguinal hernia repair have high safety, but the same-day surgery mode is more economical and patient satisfaction is higher than the routine surgery mode, which suggest that the same-day surgery mode of adult patients with inguinal hernia repair under enhanced recovery after surgery mode is feasible, safe and economic, and further optimizes and improves the content and quality of daytime surgical medical services.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of perioperative nutritional management on patients with spinal cord injury under the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) theory.MethodsA total of 82 patients with spinal cord injury admitted to a tertiay hospital in Shanghai between August 2018 and May 2020 were selected by convenience sampling method. They were randomly divided into intervention group and control group, with 41 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received conventional orthopaedics elective surgery nutritional management, while the patients in the intervention group adopted perioperative nutritional management based on ERAS concept, including establishing a multidisciplinary nutritional management team, conducting admission and regular nutritional screenings, and then developing targeted nutritional interventions based on the screening results. Biochemical indexes of nutritional assessment, electrolyte indexes, nutrition-related complications and general inpatient indexes were observed and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in albumin, prealbumin, total protein, hemoglobin, potassium, sodium, and chlorine between the two groups on the first day after surgery and one day before discharge (P<0.05). The incidences of hypoglycemia (2.4% vs. 19.5%) and total complications (19.5% vs. 61.0%) in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total hospital stay [(10.48±2.61) vs. (12.09±2.74) d], postoperative hospital stay [(5.57±2.35) vs. (7.55±3.01) d], and hospital expenses [(11.21±4.42)×104 vs. (14.73±5.51)×104 yuan] in the intervention group were less than those in the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionPerioperative nutritional management under the ERAS theory can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients with spinal cord injury, maintain electrolyte balance, reduce the incidence of complications, shorten the length of hospitalization, reduce the cost of hospitalization, and promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients.
The great clinical efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program has been illustrated by the decreased incidence of perioperative complications and the shortened length of in-hospital stay. Furthermore, the ERAS programs have their own key techniques and strategies in the clinical application to the unique diseases and operative modes. The key technology of an ERAS program is the minimally invasive surgery, which has been widely utilized in the surgical specialties. The main strategy in an ERAS program consists of the intensive pulmonary rehabilitation and optimal perioperative care that aim to improve the in-hospital outcomes of lung cancer patients who are considered at high surgical risk. Pulmonary rehabilitation is regarded as the mainstay of the ERAS strategies but its clinical protocols still remain less mature. The purpose of this overview is to summarize the current pulmonary rehabilitation programs in terms of the suitable crowd, the feasible protocols and the clinical significance.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of restrictive fluid therapy combined with preoperative urination training during perioperative period in an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods A retrospective study were conducted in 73 patients who underwent unilateral THA with liberal intravenous fluid therapy on the day of surgery between April 2015 and March 2016 (control group) and in 70 patients with restrictive fluid therapy and preoperative urination training between November 2016 and April 2017 (trial group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, weight, height, body mass index, primary disease, and complications between 2 groups (P>0.05). Perioperative related indexes were recorded and compared between 2 groups, including operation time; pre-, intra-, post-operative intravenous fluid volumes, overall intravenous fluid volume on the surgery day; postoperative urine volume per hour after surgery; blood volume; total blood loss during perioperative period; usage rates of diuretics and urine tube; the incidences of hypotension, nausea and vomiting, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia after surgery; postoperative length of stay; and the expressions of inflammatory factors [C reaction protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] before sugery and at 1st and 2nd days after surgery. Results The pre-, intra-, post-operative intravenous fluid volumes and the overall intravenous fluid volume on the surgery day in trial group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in operation time, blood volume, total blood loss during perioperative period, and postoperative urine volume per hour after surgery between 2 groups (P>0.05). The usage rates of diuretics and urine tube in trial group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), while the differences in incidences of hypotension, nausea and vomiting, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia after surgery of 2 groups were insignificant (P>0.05). The level of inflammation factors (CRP, IL-6) at 1st and 2nd days was significant lower in trial group than in control group (P<0.05), with shorter postoperative length of stay (t=–5.529, P=0.000). Conclusion It is safe and effective to adopt restrictive fluid therapy and preoperative urination training during perioperative period (intravenous fluid volume controls in about 1 200 mL on the day of surgery) following ERAS in primary THA. However, prospective studies with large-scale are still in demand for further confirming the conclusion.