ObjectivesTo systematically review the prevalence of senile pruritus (SP) in Chinese population.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of SP in Chinese population from inception to May 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by Stata 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 13 398 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the overall prevalence of SP was 31.0% (95%CI 18.0% to 44.0%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence rate of male was 34.9% (95%CI 18.6% to 88.5%). The prevalence rates of SP among 60, 70, 80 and 90 age groups were 20.0% (95%CI 14.2% to 25.7%), 48.4% (95%CI 21.5% to 75.3%), 53% (95%CI 12.4% to 93.5%), and 58.5% (95%CI 22.4% to 94.6%), respectively. The prevalence rates of SP in community, hospital and cadre relaxation club were 33.4% (95%CI 31.3% to 35.6%), 40.4% (95%CI 22% to 58.7%), and 14.4% (95%CI 1.1% to 27.7%), respectively. The prevalence rates of SP in southern China and northern China were 26.7% (95%CI 18.7% to 34.7%) and 36.8% (95%CI 21.8% to 51.7%), respectively.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence rate of SP in the Chinese population is high. The prevalence rates of SP among ages, regions and research sites are different.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the reasonableness of anticoagulation management strategy in patients after mechanical heart valve replacement. MethodsAll patients were followed and registered continually at outpatient clinic from July 2011 to February 2013, with a minimum of 6 months after surgery. Targeted international normalized rate (INR) 1.60 to 2.20 and warfarin weekly dosage adjustment were used as the strategy of anticoagulation management. Except bleeding, thrombogenesis and thromboembolism, time in therapeutic range (TTR) and fraction of TTR (FTTR) were adopted to evaluate the quality of anticoagulation management. ResultsA total 1 442 patients and 6 461 INR values were included for data analysis. The patients had a mean age of 48.2±10.6 years (14-80 years) and the following up time were 6 to 180 months (39.2±37.4 months) after surgery. Of these patients, 1 043 (72.3%) was female and 399 (27.7%) was male. INR values varied from 0.90-8.39 (1.85±0.49) and required weekly doses of warfarin were 2.50-61.25 (20.89±6.93 mg). TTR of target INR and acceptable INR were 51.1% (156 640.5 days/306 415.0 days), 64.9% (198 856.0 days/306 415.0 days), respectively. FTTR of target INR and acceptable INR were 49.4% (3 193 times/6 461 times), 62.6% (4 047 times/6 461 times). There were 8 major bleeding events, 7 mild bleeding events, 2 thromboembolism events, and 2 thrombogenesis in the left atrium. ConclusionIt is reasonable to use target INR 1.60-2.20 and warfarin weekly dosage adjustment for patients after mechanical heart valve replacement.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sever early childhood caries (SECC) among 3 to 5 years old children of Uyghur and Han in Kashi city, and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral hygiene policies for caries prevention and diagnostic among children. MethodsAccording to the basic methods of Third National Oral Health Investigation in 2005, a stratified multistage cluster randomly sampling design was applied. The deciduous caries of 893 Uyghur and Han children aged from three to five in ten kindergartens of Kashi city were clinically examined. Data were collected by questionnaire from their parents, and the result analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. ResultsThe caries prevalence rate of primary tooth was 74.69% and the total prevalence of SECC was 39.19%. The risk factors for SECC include lower age (OR=1.537, 95% CI 1.132 to 2.086, P=0.006), the more frequencies of drinking coke (OR=1.448, 95% CI 1.008 to 2.080, P=0.045), eating fruits (OR=1.840, 95% CI 1.347 to 2.512, P=0.000), drinking milk (OR=1.794, 95% CI 1.311 to 2.456, P=0.000), and before bedtime eating or after brush eating (OR=1.833, 95% CI 1.199 to 2.802, P=0.005), as well as the higher age of starting brush (OR=2.053, 95% CI 1.448 to 2.910, P=0.000). The protective factors for SECC include the more frequency of brushing (OR=0.612, 95% CI 0.445 to 0.844, P=0.003), and higher household income (OR=0.526, 95% CI 0.423 to 0.654, P=0.000). ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of SECC in Kashi city. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and education activities, and perform early preventive works for caries disease of children.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical data of pregnant females and children infected with H1N1 during the global pandemic in 2009, and summarize the epidemiological characteristics.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data databases were searched to collect studies on H1N1 infection in pregnant females and children during the 2009 pandemic from January 1st, 2009 to February 17th, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies, then, epidemiological characteristics were descriptively analyzed.ResultsA total of 33 studies involving 939 children, 5 newborns and 2 416 maternal infections were included. The results showed that the age span of children was 0 to 18, the male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1, and the history of close contact accounts was 18.8% (80/425). The primary symptoms were fever, cough, headache, vomiting and other symptoms in some children. More than half of the children received oseltamivir antiviral treatment (545/807, 67.5%), and 6 died (6/861, 0.7%). The primary symptoms of pregnant females were fever, cough, sore throat, muscle pain, fatigue, headache, diarrhea, and so on. The majority of patients received antiviral therapy (1 571 to 1 783, 88.1%). A total of 178 mortalities (178/2 335, 7.6%), 48 stillbirths (48/966, 5.0%), and 9 live birth mortalities (9/494, 1.8%) were reported. All 5 newborns were positive for RT-PCR detection, including 4 premature infants. The mode of transmission was close contact in 3 cases (including 1 case in contact with sick medical staff), 1 case of vertical transmission from mother to child, and 1 case of unknown. The primary clinical manifestation of newborns was dyspnea. After treatment with oseltamivir, 4 cases were cured and 1 case deceased.ConclusionsPregnant females and children are at high risk of serious complications of H1N1 influenza. H1N1 infection in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The symptoms of H1N1 infection in children and pregnant females are similar to those in adults, primarily respiratory and systemic symptoms. Oseltamivir and zanamivir are effective antiviral drugs.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and factors and detection ways of leprosy in Zhushan county in Hubei province, so as to provide scientific basis for developing measures to treat and prevent leprosy after basic elimination. MethodsWe summarized the detection rate, incidence and prevalence of leprosy in Zhushan county in Hubei province during 1955-2012; compared the stage when detecting leprosy, deformity/disability rates and costs according to different detection ways; and conducted descriptive epidemiological analysis. ResultsLeprosy outbreak distribution in Zhushan county in Hubei province covered 17 villages/towns, of which patients were the most in 4 southeast villages/towns. Among 123 cases of patients with leprosy, the youngest aged 4, the oldest aged 74, and the patients aged 20-39 were the most (42.28%); the sex ratio were 1.73 to 1 (male to female); most patients were peasants (83.74%); the main infection sources were family members and neighbours (45.53%, respectively); economic level, health and living condition were the main factors relevant to the prevalence of leprosy; and applying tests in people with foci contact history detected the most patients with leprosy on early stage, which caused the lowest deformity/disability rates. ConclusionWe should consistently strengthen the training of medical personnel; improve medical personnel ability of detecting leprosy; take tests for people with foci contact history and tracking as active detection ways; monitoring patients' family members as well as close contacts during 10-year latent period; and conduct timely tracking, so as to in time detect, isolate, and treat patients with leprosy, reduce the incidence of deformity/disability, and control the transition of leprosy.
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer death in adults of Zhuhai in order to provide decision-making evidence for lung cancer control and prevention. Methods The data of Mortality Registration System from 2004 to 2005 in Zhuhai were applied to analyze the epidemiological features of lung cancer death in adults. Results From 2004 to 2005, the average mortality from lung cancer and the standardized rate in adults of Zhuhai were 25.3/lakh and 30.3/lakh, respectively. Lung cancer ranked the first on the list of death causes in all cases of cancer death. The standardized rate of the male and female population was 40.1/lakh and 19.2/lakh, respectively. The standardized rate of males was higher than that of females (u=7.23, Plt;0.01). The average mortality from lung cancer increased with age, especially in males over 60 years old. The standardized mortality from lung caner in Xiangzhou, Doumen and Jinwan was 30.5/lakh, 31.1/lakh and 27.3/lakh, respectively. No statistical significance was found in these areas. Conclusion Lung cancer is one of the major malignant tumors among Zhuhai people. Lung cancer mortality is increasing with population aging. Based on the main risk factors of lung cancer, effective preventive measures including tobacco control and environment improvement should be taken.
Objective To explore the prevalence and related factors of behavior problems among the high-grade primary school students (in Grade 4 to Grade 6) in Chongqing urban area. Methods By means of cross-sectional survey, a total of 3 137 high-grade primary school students in Chongqing urban area were investigated with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, version for parents) and self-designed basic information questionnaire. Results The relevance ratio of behavior problems was 27.26%. The univariate analysis revealed that type of school, grade, residential and family environment, and parental attitude toward children had effects on children’s behavior problems with significance difference (Plt;0.05). The stepwise regression revealed that grade, educational level of father, healthy conditions of parents, family structure, academic performance and parental attitude toward children were the independent and main influencing factors (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The relevance ratio of behavior problems among high-grade primary school students in Chongqing urban area is much higher, which is related to the following factors: family situation, parental attitude toward children, social and school environment. It indicates that the status of children’s mental heath is not optimistic in Chongqing urban area. Comprehensive measures combining family, school with psychologist should be taken to reduce the prevalence of behavioral problems.
Objective To retrospectively analyze the morbidity, mortality, epidemiologic trends and distribution characteristic of top-three malignant tumors in Chengdu from 1990 to 2010, and to be aware of the incidence risk factors, and types and syn-position of main tumors, so as to provide evidence for the policy-making of tumor prevention and control. Methods ICD-10 coding method was used to categorize diseases and analyze the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors seen in different ages, genders, areas and types, based on the surveillance data in Chengdu collected since 1990. Results The morbidity reports of top-three malignant tumors in Chengdu from 1999 to 2010 were lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer, the same as the mortality reports from 1999 to 2005, But the mortality of gastric cancer exceeded that of colorectal cancer and ranked as the third from 2005 to 2010. The mortality of top-three malignant tumors in male patients was higher than those in female patients. No difference was observed between urban and rural areas. The mortality of main malignant tumors rose along with the age growth. Conclusion Lung cancer, liver cancer and gastric cancer have become the main malignant tumors threatening Chengdu civilians, and their morbidity and mortality are rising yearly, which suggests that the prevention and control measures such as early diagnosis and treatment should be implemented aiming directly at those main tumors.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological burden and change trend of five sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe estimated numbers and standardized rates of STIs incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in China and other regions were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The epidemic burden and change trend of STIs in China were compared and evaluated. ResultsIn 2019, STIs affected about 242 million people in China, resulting in 173 million new cases and 350 000 person years of DALY losses. Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of STIs increased by 59.75% and 30.02%, respectively, and the number of DALY decreased by 35.19%. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of chlamydia infection and gonococcal infection in the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) showed an upward trend; in addition, the DALY rate of genital herpes and trichomoniasis also increased. Among the 5 STIs, the disease burden caused by trichomoniasis infection in women was much higher than that in men. With the increase in the socio-demographic index (SDI), the burden of STIs in China gradually decreased. After the SDI exceeded 0.65, the decline rate of standardized DALY rate sharply increased. ConclusionThe disease burden of STIs in China shows a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, and the disease burden of the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) is the most significant, especially in trichomoniasis and chlamydia infection.
ObjectivesTo analyze epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017.MethodsCase data of all new leprosy patients in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017 were collected. A retrospective analysis of its epidemiological characteristics was performed by using SPSS 19.0 software.ResultsA total of 3 208 cases of leprosy were detected during 2000 to 2017, of whom 2 197 (71.28%) were male, 885 (28.72%) were female. The younger cases whose ages were less than 14 were 82 (2.66%), and the cases with grade 2 disabilities were 614 (19.92%). The mean age of male was older than female (41.64±14.26 vs. 38.89±15.12 years, P<0.05). The grade 2 disability rate of male was significantly higher than that of female (20.94% vs. 17.40%, P<0.05). Self-report was the most common method of discovery. But the ratio of male who were detected through contact examination was significantly lower than that detected through dermatological clinic, self-report, clues check and report (the ratio of male to female was 1.57, 2.38, 2.88, 2.48, 2.37, respectively, P<0.05).ConclusionsThe case detection of leprosy declines annually in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2017, especially in high-endemic area and male patients. Female patients are younger than male patients when they are detected. The grade 2 disability situation of male patients is significantly more serious than that of female patients. Self-report is the most common way of discovery, while women are more passive.