Objectives To analyze the effect of improved oven for defluorination in coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in China, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of fluorosis. Methods Electronic databases including CNKI, CBM, VIP and CDMD-D (1989 to 2005), were searched. We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles. We selected relevant articles according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed . Data on room heat preservation and the effect of improved oven for defluorination were collected in the surveillance spots of Three Gorges Reservoir. Correlation analyses were conducted between the improved oven and its effect parameters. Results Twelve articles of low quality met the selection criteria, of which 9 were graded C and 3 were graded D in terms of the methodological quality. A negative correlation was found between the decreasing rate of normal oven use and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of urine fluorine (Pearson correlation coefficient r = – 0.87, – 0.63, Plt;0.01, lt;0.05, respectively). Analysis also revealed a positive correlation between room heat preservation and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of normal oven use (the two Spearman correlation coefficients and P values were the same: r = –1.00, Plt;0.01). Conclusion High-quality studies on the effect of improved oven for defluorination in China are not available. Based on the current evidence, the improved oven for defluorination and the correct use, maintenance and house rebuilding for heat preservation may help to prevent fluorosis.
Evidence-based research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made many important achievements and promoted the modernization and internationalization of TCM. The ability to produce research evidence to guide clinical practice in an emergency treatment situation is a major test of the development of evidence-based Chinese medicine (EBCM) when emerging infectious diseases outbreaks. Along with the development of EBCM, TCM has experienced emerging infectious disease events such as atypical pneumonia (SARS), influenza A (HIN1), and corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the ability of TCM to conduct clinical research in emergency treatment work has been continuously improved. This article provides an overview of the clinical research conducted in TCM to resist emerging infectious diseases in the past, focusing on the clinical research results obtained in the present time of COVID-19 rescue and treatment, and discusses the role of EBCM development to enhance the clinical research capacity of TCM in emerging infectious diseases.
Over the past two decades, the International Cochrane Collaboration has completely transformed the mechanism of health decision-making. Cochrane aims to collect, summarize and disseminate the best current research evidence via The Cochrane Library in order to help stakeholders making informed health care decisions. Cochrane began with just a few dozen volunteers and has, over the years, transformed into a truly global and inclusive network, with 37 000 contributors from over 130 countries. Cochrane evidence has long been recognized as high quality and trustworthy international gold standard in health care. In recent years, Cochrane has initiated a number of innovative projects to attract more researchers from different socio-cultural and educational backgrounds. This commentary introduces these new platforms and illustrates the opportunities offered to Chinese researchers by the modern-era Cochrane.
This is the sixth paper in the evidence-based medicine glossary series. In this paper, We mainly introduced the concept of research synthesis, systematic review and meta-analysis and review developing process of these glossary.
Objective We searched the Cochrane Library（Issue 3, 2005 ）to identity evidence related to palliative treatment. We found that Opioids are effective for the palliation of breathlessness in terminal illness. Oral Morphine and hydromorphone is effective for cancer pain. Radiotherapy and Bisphosphonates can relief pain secondary to bone metastases. Corticosteroids can resolve malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer.
Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most serious health problems, causing a huge economic burden to patients, families and society. OP rehabilitation treatment plays an important role in pain-relieving, reducing the risk of fracture, improving the ability of daily activities, and promoting the healing of osteoporosis fractures, and has been increasingly valued and recommended by domestic and foreign guidelines. This guideline was updated based on the Chinese expert consensus on rehabilitation intervention for primary osteoporosis 2019 editions, and was initiated by Chinese Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation professor HE Chengqi, Chairman of the Chinese Medical Association Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Branch. This guideline development was guided by domestic and international guideline development methods and principles, and selected through clinical issue screening and deconstruction, and two rounds of Delphi questionnaire consultation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as the theoretical framework, and the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) was used based on the best available evidence. The ICF is a theoretical framework based on the best available evidence, and uses the GRADE method to grade the quality of evidence and recommendations, and reports them according to the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT), taking into account patients’ preferences and values and the needs of Chinese clinical practice, resulting in 22 recommendations in 7 aspects of rehabilitation assessment, physical agents therapy, occupational therapy, rehabilitation brace, cognitive behavior and psychological therapy, traditional Chinese medicine therapy and health education to systematically standardize the rehabilitation of osteoporosis.
Gout is caused by abnormal metabolism of purine. Its most common symptom attack of intense pain and swelling in the joints. Attacks of gout can according to the alteration if it is in acute interval periods. How can we get the optimal effect? The development of methodology has provided much convincing evidence for us to choose the most appropriate treatment.
Different from modern medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has its unique thought patterns and decision methods. In the process of developing TCM clinical practice guidelines, not only the modern clinical researches should be included, but also the TCM ancient books which had influenced TCM for thousands of years should be included. As an important carrier of TCM, the characteristics of researches in TCM ancient books are different from modern clinical researches. In this paper, we introduced the present situation of the TCM guidelines and how to use TCM ancient books for developing TCM clinical guideline with the guidance of evidence-based method. We used the example of developing of headache TCM guideline to explain how to use TCM ancient books as evidence source for guideline development and explored the application of evidence-based research of TCM ancient books to promote TCM clinical guidelines development.
Evidence-based medicine emphasizes that treatment must be based on the following elements ： the latest and best evidence, clinicians＇ expertise and patients＇ preference. Evidence-based medicine embodies the ethos both to explore medical science and to respect patients＇ values. Evidence-based medicine is an integration of the scientific and the humanistic spirit.