ObjectiveTo detect human papilloma virus (HPV)infection with fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR)in Minnan population, and explore the correlation between HPV infection and carcinogenesis of esophageal carcinoma (EC)of Minnan patients. MethodsFQ-PCR was performed to examine HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16 and HPV-18 in 100 healthy Minnan people (healthy group, 66 males and 34 females with their age of 52.35±6.72 years)and 100 Minnan patients with squamous EC (EC group and tumor-adjacent normal tissue group, 64 males and 36 females with their age of 51.62±6.37 years)between October 2009 and December 2012. ResultsThe incidences of HPV infection in 100 EC tissues, 100 tumor-adjacent normal tissues and 100 esophageal mucosa tissues of healthy people were 22/100, 8/100 and 6/100 respectively, which were statistically different (χ2=10.63, P < 0.01). Positive infection of HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16 and HPV-18 was observed in 11 cases, 11 cases, 14 cases and 15 cases in EC group respectively, 5 cases, 6 cases, 7 cases and 8 cases in tumor-adjacent normal tissue group respectively, and 5 cases, 5 cases, 6 cases and 6 cases in the healthy group respectively (P > 0.05). Positive HPV infection was observed in 1 patients with well differentiated squamous EC, 21 patients with moderately differentiated squamous EC and 5 patients with poorly differentiated squamous EC (P > 0.05). ConclusionHPV infection may exist in tumor tissue of Minnan patients with squamous EC, and may be correlated with carcinogenesis and development of squamous EC.
【摘要】 目的 通过比较两种原代人脐静脉内皮细胞的分离培养方法并对细胞特异性抗原进行鉴定,探索提高原代内皮细胞体外培养存活率及纯化率的方法。 方法 采用一次性无菌注射器向人脐静脉灌注消化液,消化液的浓度和消化时间分别025%(质量体积比)胰蛋白酶,10 min和01%(质量体积比)胶原酶Ⅱ,15 min。通过在倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态特点和用免疫荧光染色的方法对细胞进行鉴定,比较两种消化方法的优劣。 结果 01%胶原酶Ⅱ,15 min的消化方法较025%胰蛋白酶,10 min对原代人脐静脉内皮细胞有更好的分离效果,活细胞数量多且细胞纯度较高。免疫荧光染色结果表明细胞内有Ⅷ因子相关抗原表达。结论 胶原酶Ⅱ可以有效分离脐静脉内皮细胞,最佳消化条件是01%胶原酶Ⅱ,37℃,15 min。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the optimal method for primary culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were prepared from human umbilical cords by 01% collagenase Ⅱ digestion for 15 minutes and 025 trypsinase digestion for 10 minutes,respectively. HUVECs were observed under inverted microscope and identified by immunofluorescence.The two methods of digestion were compared. Results More HUVECs were harvested through the method of 01% collagenase Ⅱ for 15 minutes,which expressed Ⅷ related antigen. Conclusion The method of 0.1% collagenase Ⅱ digestion for 15 minutes is a better choice to isolate HUVECs.
Objective To provide references for the rational allocation of health personnel in rural hospitals through understanding the status of health human resources of rural hospitals in remote and poor areas of Sichuan Province. Methodes This study used cluster sampling method, combined with questionnaire survey and qualitative interviews. A total of 711 health workers of 29 rural hospitals in Pengzhou and Baoxing of Sichuan Province were interviewed. SPSS16.0 was used for descriptive analysis.Results The average age of rural hospitals health personnel in remote and poor areas of Sichuan Province was 30 years old. Post-secondary education accounted for 58.12%, and Bachelor degree or above accounted for 7.2%. The number of medium and senior professional titles account for 8.4 %. The ratio of doctors to nurses was 1:0.55. In the survey of health workers, those doctors with practice (assistant) license accounted for 38.5%, and those without any qualification occupied 27.1 %. Conclusions The professional titles of medical personnel of rural hospitals in remote and poor areas in Sichuan province are generally low. The distribution of professional categories is irrational. The staff in charge of prevention and care are inadequate. There exist a large number of unqualified medical workers. Therefore, the government should increase the investment in rural health and take measures to stabilize the team structure, introduce the talented, and strengthen the training for health personnel of rural hospitals to improve their overall quality.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infections in Hunan province from 2013 to 2017, and provide evidences for control, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.MethodsNinety-one hospitalized patients were confirmed with H7N9 infection in Hunan. Excluding 2 patients less than 18 years old and 10 with missing data, 79 patients with H7N9 infection were analyzed.ResultsMost confirmed cases were affected in the second and fifth epidemic wave and number of patients in the fifth wave was more than the sum in prior 4 waves. Epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms and case fatality did not change significantly. Administration of antiviral drugs was more active in the fifth wave [from illness onset to antiviral drug: (6.3±2.4)d vs. (7.6±2.4)d, P=0.047]. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that shock (OR=4.683, 95%CI 1.136–19.301, P=0.033) was the independent risk factor of H7N9 infections. There were no significant differences in case fatality among group oseltamivir, group oseltamivir+peramivir, and group peramivir.ConclusionsPatients with avian influenza A (H7N9) increased in the fifth wave but clinical characteristics changed little. Antiviral treatment should be more active. Shock is an independent risk factor of H7N9 infections. Oseltamivir-peramivir biotherapy can not reduce case fatality compared with oseltamivir or peramivir monotherapy.
Objective To explore the expression and function of NDRG2 gene in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatic tissues. Methods The immunohistochemical ABC method， Western blot， and Real-time PCR were used to investigate the expression and content of NDRG2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic normal biopsies. Results The NDRG2 protein located in cytoplasm. The positive rate was 16.67%（5/30） and 100%（30/30） in hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatic tissues, respectively. The relative content of NDRG2 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatic tissues were 0.029 0±0.005 9 and 0.109 2±0.002 8. There were significant differences between human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic normal biopsies both in staining positive rates and relative content（P＜0.05）. The Western blot also agreed with the result，the expression level of NDRG2 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatic tissues was 1.13±0.15 and 1.57±0.18， respectively, there was significant difference（P＜0.05）. Also, compared with normal hepatic tissues, the expression level of NDRG2 mRNA in carcinoma tissues was reduced significantly (0.89±0.15 vs. 1.48±0.17, P＜0.05). However, there were no significant differences in NDRG2mRNA expression between Edmondson-Steiner grades. Conclusions There possibly have difference in NDRG2 expression between human primary hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatic tissue. NDRG2 gene may take part in the pathogenesis of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Futher study will be needed to study its mechanism and function.
Schwann cells (SC) play an important role in nerve regeneration. The cultures of both human and rabbit SC (gt;99%) were obtained, and were separately derived from the sciatic nerve of the human fetus and the rabbit respectively by "the method of reexplantation". In addition, the cryostore and resuscitation of SC were carried out, and the resuscitated cells could retain their growth properties.
Brain-computer interface (BCI) can establish a direct communications pathway between the human brain and the external devices, which is independent of peripheral nerves and muscles. Compared with invasive BCI, non-invasive BCI has the advantages of low cost, low risk, and ease of operation. In recent years, using non-invasive BCI technology to control devices has gradually evolved into a new type of human-computer interaction manner. Moreover, the control strategy for BCI is an essential component of this manner. First, this study introduced how the brain control techniques were developed and classified. Second, the basic characteristics of direct and shared control strategies were thoroughly explained. And then the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies were compared and further analyzed. Finally, the development direction and application prospects for non-invasive brain control strategies were suggested.
ObjectiveTo study the infiltration situation of breast cancer surface skin, and explore the characteristics of infiltration of breast cancer surface skin at the molecular level. MethodsNested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect the expressions of human mammaglobin(hMAM)mRNA in 15 cases of hyperplasia of mammary gland tissues, 15 cases of breast fibroadenoma tissues, and 60 cases of breast cancer tissues and their corresponding tumor surface skins. The relationship of the hMAM mRNA expression in the surface skins of breast cancer tissue to its clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. ResultsThe hMAM mRNA positive expressions in the breast fibroadenoma tissues, hyperplasia of mammary gland tissues, and breast cancer tissues were 40.00%(6/15), 53.33%(8/15), and 83.33%(50/60), respectively, which in the breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the breast fibroadenoma tissues or hyperplasia of mammary gland tissues(P < 0.05). There was no hMAM mRNA positive expression in the surface skin of fibroadenoma or hyperplasia of mammary gland tissues, but there was 3(5.00%)cases of the hMAM mRNA positive expressions in the breast cancer surface skin. The hMAM mRNA positive expression in the breast cancer surface skin was not related with the patient age, tumor diameter, and tumor staging(P > 0.05), but was related with axillary lymph nodes metastasis and distance from tumor to nipple less than 4 cm(P < 0.05). ConclusionsThe hMAM mRNA highly expresses in breast cancer tissue and it has a certain value in the diagnosis of infiltration of breast cancer surface skin. The patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and distance from tumor to nipple less than 4 cm are more susceptible to infiltration of breast cancer surface skin.
Objective To investigate current situation of medical service and management in Gaozha Central Township Health Center (GzC), so as to provide baseline data for township health centers in both key techniques research and product development of drugs allocation and delivery. Methods A questionnaire combined with a special interview was carried out, which included the general information, human resources, medical service and management, and the practice of essential medicine list. Results a) The hardware condition of GzC was not good enough, and the economic status of the service recipients was lower than the average level of both Wuzhong City and China mainland; b) The constituent ratio of general practitioner (GP) and nurse, and GP and laboratorian were all lower than those of national level, while, the constituent ratio of GP and technician was a little bit higher. GzC was in short of medical technical personnel and, especially, the professional pharmacists. The logistics technical workers were as the same proportion as the nurses. The medical technical personnel without professional education background accounted for 3.4%, and about 38% of the staff members had no college degree, about 86.2% had at most primary profession titles. There was no personnel turnover of GzC in recently years; c) The bed utilization ratio was lower than national level (46.4% vs. 60.7%), while the average duration of stay and the in-patient and out-patient service workload of GP were longer or heavier than national level (8 vs. 4.8, 9 vs. 8.3, 4 vs. 1.3); d) The out-patient service in 2010 decreased 26.9% compared to 2009; and the in-patient service in 2010 decreased 42.4%; e) The average medical expense per outpatient and per inpatient increased 127.3% and 56.2%, respectively in 2010 compared to 2009; and f) Essential medicine list was put into practice in April 1st of 2010 and there was only 195 species available in GzC, which has not met the requirements of the national essential medicine list. Conclusion In order to meet the standards of general rural township health center in western China, GzC needs to cope with challenges of insufficient hardware conditions, short of staff, unreasonable personnel structure, low educational background and professional title of the staff, none human resources flow and low technical level of medical service. GzC dose well in drug expenses control, and the hospitalization costs are lower than those of the national level. However, it increases rapidly in 2010. The management of GzC may be influenced by zero-profit sale of the essential drugs, and appropriate subsidy and policy support are necessary to maintain its service quality. And it is required to complement the medicine based on the evidences, to carry out staff training and usage guidance of essential medicine, and to finally guarantee the safe and reasonable use of medicines.
Following the peritendon was removed by means of microsurgical technique, the tenocyte was isolated from the human embryonic tendons by digesting it with trypsin and collagenase. These cells were all stored in frozen condition until they were cultured by F12 culture fluid added with 20% FBS to the 15th generation.These cells were able to grow adhering to the wall and stop growing with contact inhibition. The time of cellsgroup duplication was 4 days, which was similar to the peak time of its mitosis. The number of its chromosome group 2n=46 was 87.5-91.0%. The optimal conditions for tendon cell culture in vitro were investigated, and it was found that after they were reaminated and subcultured the frozen storage didn’t influence their growth, morphology, genetic characteristics. In our research we detected the content generation cells and found the cultured human embryonic tenocyte had same ability never changed with the cells subcultured. We also disscussed the future of tenocyte-a biomaterial in the field of artificial implant.