To review the advance in the experimental studies and evaluate the potential therapeutic appl ication of the growth differentiation factor 5(GDF-5) and osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1) in intervertebral disc degeneration.Methods Relevant l iterature at home and abroad publ ished in recent years was searched and analyzedcomprehensively. Results The growth factor was one of the most potential proteins in curing the intervertebral discdegeneration. In vitro, exogenous GDF-5 or OP-1 increased the deoxyribonucleic acid and proteoglycan contents ofboth nucleus pulposus and annlus fibrosis cells types significantly. GDF-5 at 200 ng/mL or OP-1 significantly stimulatedproteoglycan synthesis and collagen synthesis. In vivo, the injection of GDF-5(100 μg) or OP-1(100 μg in 10 μL 5% lactose) resulted in a restoration of disc height, improvement of magnetic resonance imaging scores, and histologic grading scores had statistical significance. Conclusion A single injection of GDF-5 or OP-1 has a reparative capacity on intervertebral discs, presumably based on its effect to stimulate matrix metabol ism of intervertebral disc cells and enhance extracellular matrix production. A single injection of exogenous GDF-5 or OP-1 in the degenerated disc shows a good prospect.
Objective To investigate the biomechanical influence ofvertebroplasty using autosolidification calcium phosphate cement (CPC) on thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures. Methods Four cadaver specimens with osteoporosiswere applied to make spine unit. There were 2 females and 2 males, whose average age was 69 years.All underwent flexion-axial loading to result in vertebral body fracture. Following reduction, the middle fractured vertebral body were strengthened by the method of vertebroplasty, using CPC. Before fracture and after vertebroplasty, all were conducted biomechanical test. Results After being packed- CPC to the space in the fractured vertebral body, the strength andstiffness in vertebroplastic group (2 285±34 N，427±10 N/mm) were significantly higher than that in osteoporotic group (1 954±46 N，349±18 N/mm) (Plt;0.05). The vertebral height changing in vertebroplastic group(5.35±0.60 mm) were significantly lower than that in osteoporotic group (5.60±0.70 mm) (Plt;0.05). And the fractured body increases its strength and stiffnessby 16.92% and 22.31% respectively in comparison with its initial situation. Conclusion After being injected CPC into bone trabecular interspaces, the fractured vertebral bodies can restore its strength and stiffness markedly.
Objective To explore the serious situation of injection abuse, and its influence to average prescription fee. Methods The subjects of this study were health service settings in rural area of 9 provinces/cities in Midwest of China. The treatment prescription indicators of county and village health service settings were calculated. Results Prescription injection rates of health care facility in rural area of Midwest provinces/cities of China (25.8% to 62.2%,mean: 45.1%) were higher than the standard of WHO (13.4% to 24.1%), and the injection abuse situation was serious. Injection bause caused the increase of prescription fee. Excess usage of injection in health service settings was related to the economic level of the on-site county or village, and also related to the size and load of health service facilities. Conclusion Suggestions are proposed to the government health agency according to the results of the study: enhancing the lawmaking, establishing the related policy and effective measure, training the medical personnel, promoting the mass health education, investigating the effective injection management model in rural area, and reducing the rate of injection.
Objective To assess the effect of Dengzhanhua Injection for angina pectoris. Methods We performed an electronic search for MEDLINE (1966 to 2004), EMBASE (1974 to 2004), The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2004), CBM and CNKI (1980 to 2004). We included randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of those trials and performed the meta-analysis by RevMan 4.2.7. Results Eight trials were included involving 634 patients. However, they were of poor quality. The results of meta-analysis indicated that there were statistical difference on symptoms and electrocardiogram (ECG) improvements between Dengzhanhua and control group (Breviscarpine≥30 mg) with RR 1.26, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.44 and RR 1.30, 95%CI 1.14 to 1.49, respectively. However, Dengzhanhua Injection (Breviscarpinelt;30 mg) vs. basic therapy showed no statistical difference in either symptom improvement (RR 1.03, 95%CI was 0.90 to 1.18) or ECG improvement (RR 1.01, 95%CI 0.86 to 1.20). In addition, Dengzhanhua decreased the myocardial infarction attacks in one year following up (OR 0.06, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.29). Conclusions Little evidence shows that Dengzhanhua is superior to simple basic therapy in the symptoms and ECG improvements as an auxiliary drug. However, this systematic review can not draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of Dengzhanhua Injection compared to simple basic therapy in the treatment of angina pectoris due to the poor quantity of included trials.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the security of intravitreal injection with ciproflaxacin to retina.MethodsTweenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 rabbits in each group. 0.1 ml ciproflaxacin in doses of 2 500,5 000,and 10 000 μg was intravitreally injected into the rabbits eyes, retrospectively. And 0.1 ml saline solution was injected into the vitreous body of the rats in the control group. Indirect microscope, light microscope and electroretinogram (ERG) were used to observe the changes of ocular fundus.ResultsNormal results of light microscopy and ultrastructure were found in 250 μg and 500 μg groups; irregularly arranged outer and inner nuclear layers, dropsical or even lost ganglion cells, and ultrastructural changes were in 1 000 μg group. There was no apparent difference of ERG′s a and b amplitudes before and after intravitreal injection with ciproflaxacin in each group.ConclusionIntravitreal injection with ciproflaxacin is safe, and 500 μg or less is the secure dosage in rabbits' eyes. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:180-182)
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy of different interventions in preventing rocuroniuminduced injection pain or withdrawal movements, so as to provide references for preventing adverse reactions induced by rocuronium injection in clinical practice. MethodsWe electronically searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2014), CBM, and CNKI databases to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the prevention of rocuronium-induced injection pain or withdrawal movements from inception to March 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2.8 software. ResultsA total of 43 RCTs involving 6 034 patients were include. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the placebo/blank group, lidocaine pretreatment with venous occlusion (RR=0.37, 95%CI 0.29 to 0.48, P<0.000 01), opioid drug pretreatment with venous occlusion (RR=0.77, 95%CI 0.68 to 0.87, P<0.000 1), lidocaine pretreatment with venous injection (RR=0.51, 95%CI 0.44 to 0.59, P<0.000 01), opioid drug pretreatment with venous injection (OR=0.03, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.05, P<0.000 01), ketamine pretreatment with venous injection (RR=0.36, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.54, P<0.000 01), mixing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) with rocuronium (OR=0.02, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.04, P<0.000 01) and local heating (RR=0.74, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.88, P=0.000 6) were all effective in decreasing the incidence of rocuronium-induced injection pain or withdrawal movements. ConclusionThe intravenous injection of opioid drugs was effective in preventing rocuronium-induced injection pain or withdrawal movements, while local heating needs further research. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the induced studies, the above conclusion still needs to be verified by more high quality studies.
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of bulbar subconjunctival and periocular injection of dexamethasonone on blood glucose levels of type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM)rats. Methods80 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into GroupⅠ(n=40) and GroupⅡ(n=40). GroupⅠrats received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin to induce T1DM model, while GroupⅡrats received IP injection of citrate buffer solution and was the control group.GroupⅠrats and GroupⅡrats were further divided into four subgroups:A (n=10), a (n=10), B (n=10), and b (n=10). Subgroup-A rats received bulbar subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone, subgroup-a rats received bulbar subconjunctival injection of saline, subgroup-B rats received periocular injection of dexamethasone, subgroup-b rats received periocular injection of saline. After the injection, rats were fasted but could drink water. Tail vein blood samples were collected and the blood glucose level was measured by glucose monitor. ResultsAfter modeling, the blood glucose level of GroupⅠand GroupⅡrats was(9.31±1.79) mmol/L and (5.72±0.80) mmol/L respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The blood glucose level of GroupⅠrats reached the peak in 3h after injection. In 6-24 h after injection, the blood glucose level of GroupⅠA rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of Group Ia rats and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In 3-24 hours after injection, the blood glucose level of GroupⅠB rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of GroupⅠb rats and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Comparing the blood glucose level during different injection time between GroupⅠA rats and GroupⅠB rats, between GroupⅠa rats and GroupⅠb rats, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In 3-24 hours after injection, the blood glucose level of GroupⅡA rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of GroupⅡa rats and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the blood glucose level of GroupⅡB rats was obviously increased than that of the blood glucose level of GroupⅡb rats and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Comparing the blood glucose level during different injection time between GroupⅡA rats and GroupⅡB rats, between GroupⅡa rats and GroupⅡb rats, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). ConclusionBulbar subconjunctival injection and periocular injection of dexamethasone could both increase the blood glucose of TIDM rats, but these two injection methods had no differences on the blood glucose level.
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of TanReqing Injection in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to observe its effects on the plasma levels of cytokine IL-17, IL- 8 and Leukotriene B4 in such cases. Methods A randomized, single blind controlled trial (RCT) was designed. Sixty hospitalized COPD patients with an acute exacerbation were randomly allocated to the treatment group (20 ml of TanReqing Injection iv gtt q 24 h) or the control group (20 ml of placebo Injection iv gtt q 24 h) based on the Guideline for Dignosis and Management of COPD issued by Chinese Society for Respiratory Disease and the Criteria of Dignosis and Efficacy Measures of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Illness enacted by The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. All patients were received standard therapy. Each group contained 30 patients. The therapeutic course of both groups was 12 days. The criterias of TCM syndrome of retention of phlegm-heat in the lung were: cough with rough breath, accumulation of sticky or yellow thick sputum, cough with difficulty in expectoration, or accompanied by fever, thirst with desire of drink, red tougue with yellow fur, slippery and rapid pulse. Results According to the analysis on the basis of intention -to -treat and per-protocol population, it showed that the markedly effective rates were 70.00% and 72.41% respectively, and effective rates were 96.67% and 96.55% in the treatment group respectively. While in the control group the markedly effectiverates were 46.67% and 48.28% respectively, and effective rates were 86.67% and 89.65% respectively. Significantly lower plasma concentration of IL-17 and IL-8 in the treatment group was noted when compared with control group. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups (Plt;0.05). Conclusions TanReqing Injection shows a definite clinical effectiveness without obvious toxic-adverse effects in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and its mechnical function may related to the level of the excess expression of plasma cytokine IL-17, IL-8 in such cases.