ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of severed limb preservation by perfusion and to analyze difference in effect of severed limb preservation by different perfusate. MethodsThe domestic and foreign related literature about severed limb preservation by perfusion was extensively reviewed and analyzed. ResultsCurrently the main perfusate includes organ perfusate,free radical scavengers,energy mixture,blood substitutes,and whole blood.They can reduce the skeletal muscle's ischemia-reperfusion injury in different degrees. ConclusionDifferent perfusate can reduce the skeletal muscle's ischemia-reperfusion injury in different degrees,but the best effect of perfusate and personalized preservation method need further study.
Objective To review the treatment methods and techniques of ischemia-reperfusion injury of flap. Methods Recent basic research l iterature concerning ischemia-reperfusion injury of flap was reviewed and analyzed in terms of treatment techniques. Results Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the leading causes of flap necrosis postoperatively. Interventions against any l ink of the ischemia-reperfusion injury progress could effectively reduce the damageand improve the survival rate of flaps. Conclusion Including production of reactive oxygen species, neutrophil infiltrationetc are thought to be the main mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Treatment including medicine administration and physical intervention against any specific l ink of ischemia-reperfusion injury can interfere or block the whole progress, which reduce the damage of ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve the survival rate of animal flap models eventually.
Objective To decrease the operative difficulty, with the purpose of looking for an orthotopic liver autotransplantation model which not only materializes the liver transplantation but also possesses higher survival rate. Methods This model was established via portal vein perfusion in thirty rats, and from which the result of the liver after perfusion, the operative time and the survival rate were observed. Liver tissues were researched at 24 h after operation under the light microscope. Results This model was easy to be perfused, the operative time was (48±3.0) min and the survival rate was 96.7% (29/30). The structure of hepatic tissue was basically normal with a little hydropic degeneration under the light microscope. Few erythrocytes residual occurred in the interlobular arteries under the light microscope. Conclusion The orthotopic liver autotransplantation model via portal vein perfusion has an exclusively blockage pattern which possesses a higher survival rate. It prevents the injury of immunological rejection and purely reflects the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. But it is better to be applied in the non-hepatic artery anastomosis or the research nothing to do with the hepatic artery because the hepatic artery does not have sufficient perfusion.
ObjectiveTo review the recent research progress about the pathogenesis and prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). MethodsSearched the related literatures in recent years from the databases such as CNKI, PubMed and so on, summarized the recent research progress about the generation mechanism of ROS, the damage mechanism of ROS, and the prevention method of ROS. ResultsA mass of ROS originated from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Kupffer cells, mitochondria, and the enzymes in hepatic tissue in HIRI. It mainly destroyed sugar molecules of oligosaccharide chains on the cell membrane, unsaturated fatty acid, protein molecules, mitochondrial, and genetic material. This mechanism lead to cell injuried or even death. The main method of prevention and cure to HIRI is eliminating ROS by using enzymes, vitamins, Chinese herbal medicines etc. ConclusionsThe research about ROS in HIRI has advanced. Aiming at the damage resulted from ROS in the liver, Scholars have came up with a variety of control methods which is feasible. However, many issues need to be further investigated.
Objective To investigate the maximum tolerance limit of rats to hepatic inflow occlusion with portal vein blood bypss (PBB) in normothermia. Methods First. A new animal model was established, the animal survival rate were calculated following 7 days of reperfusion after hepatic inflow occlusion of 30, 60, 90, 100, 110, 120 min or portal triad clamping (PTC) of 30 min. And then, the hepatic energy metabolism (RCR, P/O, ATP, AKBR) was studied following 30, 90, 120 min of ischemia or 1, 6, and 24 hours of reperfusion after the ischemia. According to the reversibility of the hepatic motochondrial function injury and maximum as long as a period of liver warm ischemia of all animal postoperative 7 days survial, the safe limit of rat to hepatic inflow occlusion was evaluated. Results The survival rate on postoperative 7 days was one hundred percent subjected to 30, 60 and 90 min of hepatic inflow occlusion, and 50, 30, 20 percent in 100, 110, 120 min, respectively, the survival rate in rats with 30 min of portal triad champing was about 40 percent. The parameters of hepatic motochondrial function reflecting the degree of liver damage to ischemia showed significantly different as compared to sham group. The functional lesion was exacerbated during inital reperfusion, then was restored progressively in PBB-30 min and PBB-90 min groups, but was maintained low level in PBB-120 min and PTC-30 min groups.Conclusion The 90 minutes is the maximum limit of rats to hepatic inflow occlusion in normothermia.
Objective To report the progression of breviscapine’s protective effect to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Pertinent literatures and journal articles published in recent years were reviewed, and the progression of breviscapine protecting hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the experimental and clinical research were analyzed and summarized. Results The role of breviscapine is considerable extensive. It can protect hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by anti-oxyradical and anti-lipid peroxidation, inhibiting mitochondrial damage, intracellular calcium overload, intra-thromboxane and apoptosis, improving microcirculation, and so on. Conclusion Breviscapine plays a protective role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and it will be of great value to application and research.
【Abstract】Objective The injury induced by hepatic artery ischemia (HAI) in the liver transplantation procedure and the protective effects of using hepatic artery bridge-conduit (HABC) technique were studied. Methods Thirtytwo dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, HAI 30 min, HAI 2 h and HABC groups. We observed the pathological changes of hepatocytes and biliary tract tissues and the microstructure of chondriosome, which were based on the model of auto-orthotopic liver transplantation in dogs. Biochemical and spectrophotometric methodswere used to evaluate the content of MDA and SOD, SDH activities in the graft liver tissue respectively. Results The pathologic and electrical microscopic changes of hepatocytes and epithelial cells of bile ducts were found in HAI 30 min and HAI 2 h groups,while the content of MDA increased to （1.652±0.222） nmol/mg prot and (2.379±0.526) nmol/mg prot, and SOD activity decreased to (11.15±3.9) U/mg prot and (9.47±3.4) U/mg prot. At the same time, SDH activity was also down-regulated to 0.362±0.019 and 0.281±0.029. Compared with control group, the differences were significant (Plt;0.05, Plt;0.01). But these changes of functional index caused by HAI injury were not significant in HABC group. Conclusion The HABC technique can not only avoid HAI injury during operation but also alleviate the occurrence of complication after transplantation, especially the biliary tract complication.
Objective To study the efect of IH764-3 on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat liver. Methods Rats were divided into 3 groups, the control group was not subjected to ischemia and no treatment was given. I/R injury group was subjected to 40 minutes ischemia followed by reperfusion for 120 minutes. The IH7643 group (40mg/kg) was administred at ischemia and reperfusion. Results In the IH764-3 group, sereum levels of ALT, AST, AKP and γ-GT were significantly lower than those in the I/R group. Energy charge level recovery was significantly higher with IH7643 (P＜0.05), hepatic ultrastructure was better preserved with IH764-3. Conclusion IH764-3 may be useful in the treatment of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury
【Abstract】 Objective To study the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the activity of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and the expressions of TNF-α and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) during early reperfusion following liver transplantation in rats. Methods The models of rat orthotopic liver transplantation were established. The donor livers were stored for 2 hours in Ringers solution at 4 ℃ before transplantation. All rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （SO group）， control group and IP group. IP group was achieved by clamping the portal vein and hepatic artery of donor liver for 10 minutes followed by reperfusion for 10 minutes before harvesting. The activity of NF-κB and expressions of TNF-α and ICAM-1 at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after reperfusion were measured. Serum ALT, LDH were also determined. Results The liver function of recipients with IP were significantly improved. Compared with SO group， the graft NF-κB activity increased after transplantation in control group and IP group (P＜0.05), while compared with control group that was significantly attenuated at 1 h and 2 h in IP group. Similarly, hepatic levels of TNF-α and ICAM-1 were significantly elevated in control group and were reduced in IP group. Conclusion IP might down-regulated TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in the grafts after orthotopic liver transplantation through depressed NF-κB activation， and attenuate neutrophil infiltration in the grafts after reperfusion.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of verapamil on apoptosis, calcium and expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc of pancreatic cells in ischemia-reperfusion rat model. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group （n=10）; ischemia-reperfusion group （n=10）; verapamil treatment group （n=10）. The anterior mesenteric artery and the celiac artery of rats in both ischemia-reperfusion group and verapamil treatment group were occluded for 15 min followed by 12-hour reperfusion. Verapamil （1 mg／kg） was injected via caudal vein to the rats in verapamil treatment group 15 min before occlusion and 1 hour after the initiation of reperfusion, respectively; and ischemia-reperfusion group was given the same volume of salient twice intravenously. Pancreatic tissues were collected from the dead rats after twelve hours since the reperfusion. The pathologic characters of pancreatic tissue were observed under light microscope; The level of calcium in the tissue was measured by atomic absorption spectrometer; TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis of pancreatic cells; and the expressions of c-myc and bcl-2 in the cells were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique and flow cytometry. Results The pathologic change in verapamil treatment group was less conspicuous than that of ischemia-reperfusion group. Both the calcium level and the number of apoptotic cells in verapamil treatment group were less than those of ischemia-reperfusion group 〔（411.1±55.8） μg/g dry weight vs （470.9±31.9） μg/g dry weight, P＜0.05 and （9.5±2.9）% vs （18.4±3.1）% 〕, P＜0.05. After taking verapamil, the number of apoptotic cells decreased, whereas the expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc increased. The fluorescent indexes of bcl-2 and c-myc in verapamil treatment group were significantly higher than those of ischemia-reperfusion group (1.72±0.11 vs 1.41±0.07, P＜0.05; 1.76±0.19 vs 1.55±0.13, P＜0.05. Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion injury can induce apoptosis of pancreatic cells. Verapamil could protect the injured pancreatic tissue by reducing the level of calcium, stimulating the expressions of bcl-2 and c-myc and inhibiting apoptosis of pancreatic cells.