ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy, safety and economy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical dosing and decision-making. MethodsComputerized searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and official websites of domestic and international health technology assessment (HTA) organizations were conducted to collect HTA reports, safety and economic data on the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nabulizumab, pembrolizumab, cimeplizumab, atilizumab, and duvarizumab) for NSCLC HTA reports, systematic reviews (SR)/Meta-analyses, and pharmacoeconomic studies, all with a search timeframe of March 2024 from the time of library construction. After data extraction and quality assessment, the results of the included studies were analyzed descriptively. ResultsA total of 16 papers were included, including 16 SR/Meta analyses and 2 pharmacoeconomic studies. Compared with first-line chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors increased the efficiency and disease control rate, prolonged the survival time, improved the quality of survival, and reduced grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse effects (including fatigue, dyspnea, anemia, pneumonia, severe skin reactions, nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, and leukopenia) in NSCLC patients. Cemiplizumab was cost-effective when the WTP threshold was $100 000/QALY, and pembrolizumab was cost-effective when the WTP threshold was $150 000/QALY. ConclusionPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nabulizumab, pabolizumab, cimiplizumab, atilizumab, and duvarizumab) are efficacious, safe, and cost-effective for use in NSCLC; however, given the small number of pharmacoeconomic studies included, economic conclusions drawn need to be interpreted with caution.