ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical characteristics, potential molecular mechanisms, and predictive biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) induced during the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with immune checkpoint inhibitors and to explore its clinical implications. MethodsRelevant domestic and international literature was reviewed to analyze the definition, mechanisms, and predictive factors of HPD. Particular attention was given to key factors affecting HPD development, including clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment, genetic mutations, and inflammatory factors. ResultsHPD significantly reduces the survival of HCC patients. Its occurrence may be associated with individual variability, dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-related genetic mutations, and elevated levels of inflammatory factors. Blood-based biomarkers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) show potential value in predicting HPD. ConclusionsSystematic investigation of the molecular mechanisms and predictive biomarkers of HPD is crucial for optimizing immunotherapy strategies and improving patient outcomes. Large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to achieve precise prediction and personalized intervention in the future.
目的 探讨优质护理服务在妇科临床护理路径（CNP）实施中的应用效果。 方法 2010年4月－2011年4月纳入妇科CNP的住院患者中随机抽取150例，并选择同期病区全部17名护士作为对照组；在2011年5月－12月纳入妇科CNP并实施优质护理服务的住院患者中随机抽取150例，并选择同期病区全部22名护士作为试验组。比较两组患者疾病相关知识知晓率、患者及护士工作满意率、平均住院日的差异。 结果 试验组患者疾病相关知识知晓率、患者及护士满意率优于对照组，且平均住院日明显缩短。 结论 优质护理服务应用于改进CNP管理质量，可提高患者疾病相关知识知晓率和护患满意率，缩短住院时间，减轻医疗负担，有利于CNP的实施。