Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a severe infectious disease induced by human immuno deficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory testing plays an important role in the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. In general, laboratory testing includes detection of virus antibodies and antigens, virus RNA, immune cells (CD4+, CD8+) and anti-HIV drug resistance. During the past twenty years, great progress has been made in laboratory testing. As research on HIV/AIDS has advanced and biotechnology has developed rapidly, different methods of testing have been discovered. In recent years, the application of molecular biotechnology and immunology has led to important advances for epidemiological surveys, clinical diagnosis and treatment of HIV. The existence of a testing method with high sensitivity and specificity is not only helpful for early diagnosis and prediction, monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, but can also reduce the risk of false-negative results. HIV laboratory testing is now developing towards a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and automatic way of diagnosing this condition.
Uveitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the uveal tract, retina, retinal blood vessels and vitreous. Due to its complex etiology, various entities, diverse and lack of constancy in treatment, some patients can experience visual impairment and even loss. In view of the fact that blindness caused by uveitis is mostly incurable and occurs usually in young and middle-aged people, it accounts for an important part of blinding eye diseases and has attracted worldwide attention. With the continuous development of precision medicine, clinicians will face new problems and challenges in disease diagnosis, and further in-depth research is needed to explore more optimized and efficient diagnostic processes and examinations to improve the diagnosis of uveitis in China.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of local versus systemic application of opioids for labor analgesia. Methods We searched PubMed (1966 to January 2008), EMBASE (1980 to January 2008), The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2008), CBM (1978 to January 2008), CNKI (1979 to January 2008) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving local versus systemic application of opioids for labor analgesia. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. Meta-analyses were conducted with The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.10 software. Results A total of 12 trials involving 5909 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed that local application of opioids was superior to systemic application in terms of maternal satisfaction with pain relief during labor (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.09). No significant difference was found between the two groups in the incidence of low neonatal Apgar score at 5 minutes (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.01). Conclusion Local application of opioids for labor analgesia appears to be more effective than systematic use in reducing pain during labor. But as for safety concerns, maternal and neonatal adverse effects are observed in both groups. Thus, more high-quality and large-scale RCTs are needed.
Objective To study the special traits of primiparae’s compliance with labor analgesia, so as to offer individualized analgesia solutions during spontaneous labor. Methods The uniparous primiparae with cephalic presentation between gestational weeks 38 and 40 were divided into two groups based on their educational background (college education or above, and high school education or below), each group with 20 cases. The demographical statistics of the two groups including their State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) grading, PCA results, and delivery situation were recorded and analyzed. Results Differences in age, height, and weight were not statisticallysignificant (Pgt;0.05); differences in T-AI were not statistically significant (Pgt;0.05); differences in S-AI were statistically significant (Plt;0.05); differences in anxiety and numbers of adding anesthetics were not statistically significant (Pgt;0.05); differences in failure to tolerate labor pains and requiring caesarean section were statistically significant (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Primiparae with higher educational degree tend to have higher S-AI grading and perform poorly in compliance with labor analgesia.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of 357 cases of first-diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and provide a reference for SLE diagnosis. MethodsA total of 357 SLE patients on their first diagnosis were collected from 2008 to 2012 in our hospital, and the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of these patients were recorded and analyzed. ResultsAll the patients had different clinical manifestations and serious multi-system damages. In these patients, there were 59.1% (211 cases) involved with arthritis, followed by rash and kidney damage. The complement declined in 75.9% of the patients according to the results of immunological tests. In the ENA spectrum inspection, anti-SSA antibody had the highest positive rate (51.3%), followed by anti-u1RNP antibody (44.0%), anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-nucleosome antibody. The first onset of most clinical manifestations was rash (43.4%), followed by arthritis and lower extremity edema; a few patients had headache or numbness as the first symptom. ConclusionSLE patients have diverse clinical manifestations, serious multi-system damages and outstanding heterogeneity, which is inconsistent with foreign reports.
Objective To explore the effect of pain management by anesthesia nurses on labor analgesia. Methods A total of 100 parturient women in the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology between July and August 2015 were randomly divided into two groups: analgesia group and control group with 50 in each. Both two groups accepted labor analgesia routine maternity nursing. Analgesia group accepted maternal perinatal term pain management in addition to the routine nursing. Then we compared degree of pain during the production process, labor time and perineal injury between the two groups of women. Results The number of women with a labor pain degree of 0-Ⅲ in the analgesia group was respectively 36 (72%), 12 (24%), 2 (4%) and 0 (0%), and the number in the control group was respectively 23 (46%), 17 (34%), 8 (16%), and 2 (4%). The above difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z=–2.908, P =0.004). The number of women with intact perineum, perineal injury of lateral and median cut, and Ⅰ-Ⅲ degree laceration in the analgesia group was respectively 31 (62%), 7 (14%), 8 (16%), 4 (8%) and 0 (0%); and the number in the control group was respectively 21 (42%), 12 (24%), 10 (20%), 7 (14%) and 0 (0%), also with significant difference between the two groups (Z =–2.028, P =0.043). The first and second labor stage of the analgesia group was (462.32±101.27) and (63.58±10.38) minutes, and was (568.27±113.28) and (76.92±11.24) minutes in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the third labor stage (5.78±3.02) and (5.97±2.96) minutes, (P=0.654). Conclusions The implementation of pain management by anesthesia nurses on labor analgesia can significantly reduce maternal labor pain, shorten the time of labor, and the condition of the perineal injury is mild and easily acceptable. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
ObjectiveTo summarize the significance of laboratory examinations in diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC). MethodsLiteratures at home and abroad were searched to review the clinical significance of laboratory examinations indexes in diagnosis of UC. ResultsAnti-neutrophilcytoplasmicantibodies (ANCA) had some value in diagnosis of UC, but it was limited in evaluation of UC in active patients. The positive rate of anti-intestinal goblet cell antibody (GAB) in patients with UC was higher than that of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), so it could be used as identification indexes of the two diseases, but it could not reflect the severity of the disease. Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and anti-pancreatic antibody (PAB) were mainly used in the differential diagnosis of UC and CD, but they had no significant advantages in diagnosis of UC. Fecal calprotectin (FCP) played a positive role in evaluation of recurrence and activity in UC. Although lactoferrin, M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK), and S100A12 were not as effective as FCP, but if combined with related indicators, they were also important. ConclusionsOf the relevant indexes of laboratory examination in the diagnosis of UC, FCP plays an importent role in the evaluation of recurrence and activity of UC.