ObjectiveTo study the expression of matrilysin in gastric cancer and to evaluate the correlation between its expression and invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. MethodsA total of 52 patients with gastric cancer were selected and followed up. The expressions of matrilysin in gastric primary focus, normal gastric mucosa, and metastatic lymph nodes were examined by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The correlations between matrilysin expression and tumor invasion, metastasis, and prognosis were assessed. ResultsThe expressions of matrilysin in gastric primary focus and metastatic lymph nodes significantly increased, while decreased or loss in normal gastric mucosa (Plt;0.001). The higher concordance was seen between the levels of mRNA and protein (Plt;0.001). Among patients with infiltrating type, penetrated serosa, area of serosa involved more than 20 cm2, and metastatic lymph nodes more than 7, the expression of matrilysin was significantly higher (Plt;0.01). The survival rate of patients with matrilysin higher expression (34.1%) was significantly lower than that with matrilysin lower expression (55.6%), χ2=9.778， P=0.002. Conclusions Up-regulated expression of matrilysin plays an important role in tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis, and it is a good molecular marker to reflect the biological behaviors of gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of β-catenin and Galectin-3 protein in human cervical carcinoma and its clinical pathological significance. MethodsEighty-three cervical specimens were collected from January 2010 to June 2013. By immunohistochemical method, β-catenin and Galectin-3 expression of the 83 cases of cervical carcinoma, 45 cases of intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 25 normal cervix tissue (control) were detected. ResultsThe positive expression rate in cervical carcinoma of β-catenin and Galectin-3 was respectively 74.70% and 81.93%, which was significantly higher than that in intraepithelial neoplasia (ⅠandⅡ) and normal cervical tissue (P<0.05). Compared with cervical cancer, the expression of β-catenin and Galectin-3 in CINⅢ had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The positive expression of β-catenin was significantly correlated with histological grade of cervical cancer tissue, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive expression of Galectin-3 was closely related to histological grade of cervical cancer tissue and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). Both β-catenin and Galectin-3 expression had no relationship with other clinical pathological parameters, such as age of patients, tumor size and pathological pattern of tumor (P>0.05). β-catenin expression had significant positive correlation with that of Galectin-3 (r=0.327, P=0.002). ConclusionThe expression of Galectin-3 and β-catenin increases obviously and is associated with abnormal clinical parameters (invasion or metastasis) in patients with cervical cancer. Galectin-3 and β-catenin may act as cancer metastasis and prognostic indicators in these patients.
Objective To evaluate the potential of specific mRNA marker keratin 19(K19) to detect micrometastasis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) .Methods One hundred and ninty four regional lymph nodes harvested from 6 cases of benign diseases, 4 cases of breast carcinoma, 5 cases of gastric carcinoma and 12 cases of colorectal carcinoma patients were examined by conventional pathology and amplifying tissue specific K19 mRNA by RT-PCR separately, then the two methods were compared with each other. Results None of the 34 lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-negative from benign diseases expressed K19 mRNA by RT-PCR, all of the 28 regional lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-positive from malignant cases showed trains of K19 mRNA by RT-PCR. Of the 132 lymph nodes which were pathological metastasis-negative from malignant cases, 11 lymph nodes were detected with micrometastasis by genetic diagnosis.Conclusion Genetic diagnosis of lymph node micrometastasis is more sensitive than conventional pathology and has diagnostic value and merits further study.
Objective To summarize the research progress of CO2 pneumoperitoneum impacts on invasiveness of cancer cells. Methods Currently published experimental and clinical researches related to the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on invasiveness of cancer cells were reviewed. Results CO2 pneumoperitoneum may affect the invasiveness of cancer cell through several ways， such as changing the structure and function of mesothelial cell， changing microenvironment of peritoneum， influencing the expression of oncogen， affecting the secretion of cell factor， and changing the adhesion of cancer cell. Conclusions The consequences of these alterations to cancer cell and the microenvironment are not well understood， but they may facilitate tumor invasion and implantation. Further investigations in this area are very urgent.
ObjectiveTo explore the expression of collagen Ⅳ in breast cancer and its clinical significance. We analyzed the correlation of the results with other prognostic parameters which included tumor size, status of estrogen receptor, axillary nodal status, TNM grade, and 5 years survival. The expression of collagen Ⅳ in 93 cases of human primary breast cancer as well as 5 cases of benign breast masses were examined.MethodsUsing monoclonal antibodies of collagen Ⅳ, the expression of collagen Ⅳ in breast masses were detected with immunohistochemical technique (LSAB).ResultsThe absent expression of collagen Ⅳ in the tumor masses was correlated with axillary lymph node involvement, tumor size and poor prognosis (5 years survival). The patients who had no expression of collagen Ⅳ in tumor masses had a shorter survival. ConclusionThe expression of collagen Ⅳ in tumor samples are correlated with axillary node involvement and prognosis. Collagen Ⅳ would be helpful for evaluation of invasion and treatment in breast carcinoma.
Objective To summarize the role of the relationship between liver cancer and cellular immunological function, and the role of immune therapy in clinical application. Methods To analyze the relationship between liver cancer and cellular immunological function, and the present research situation of immune therapy for liver cancer in clinical application retrospectively via review the related domestic and foreign literatures. Results The cellular immune dysfunction existed in all liver cancer patients. The state of body’s cellular immunological function is closely related with the arising and development of liver cancer, and the lowness of cellular immunological function is an important factor of hepatocellular carcinoma hard to cure or recurrence and metastasis. Immune therapy plays an important role in the treatment of liver cancer by adjusting the body’s cellular immunological function. Conclusions Liver cancer is closely related with the body’s cellular immunological function. Immune therapy is expected to offer a new way for the treatment of liver cancer, which can also be used as an important auxiliary treatment way.
Objective To study the expressions of Wnt5a, MMP2, and MMP14 in the primary lesions of gastric cancer and the influences on clinicopathologic features. Methods The expressions of Wnt5a, MMP2, and MMP14 in the specimens of 106 patients with gastric cancer and 39 patients from the adjacent normal gastric tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining, χ2 test and non-parametric test were used to analyze the relationships among them and between them and their influences on the clinicopathologic features. Results Extensive expressions of Wnt5a, MMP2, and MMP14 were demonstrated in the gastric cancer, which were significantly higher than those in the normal gastric tissues respectively (Plt;0.05). Positive expression of Wnt5a was associated with larger tumor diameter, deeper depth of invasion, higher degree of regional lymph node metastasis, later TNM stage, and higher rate of lymph node metastasis (Plt;0.05). In addition, Wnt5a expression was also associated with lymphatic infiltration and vascular infiltration (Plt;0.05). The expressions of MMP2 and MMP14 were associated with lymphatic infiltration, but not with vascular infiltration. Higher expressions of MMP2 and MMP14 were correlated with deeper tumor invasion, higher degree of regional lymph node metastasis, later TNM stage, and higher rate of lymph node metastasis (Plt;0.05). In addition, higher expression of MMP2 possesed greater tumor diameter (Plt;0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed the positive relation between Wnt5a and MMP2 （rs=0.240, P=0.014）, Wnt5a and MMP14 （rs=0.251, P=0.010）, as well as MMP2 and MMP14 （rs=0.444, P=0.000）. Conclusion Higher expressions of Wnt5a, MMP2, and MMP14 seem to promote invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, and there are positive relations among their expressions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of Snail and N-cadherin protein in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) tissues and cell lines, and then discuss the clinical value of Snail and N-cadherin expressions. MethodsImmunohis-tochemical SP technique was performed to detect the expressions of Snail and N-cadherin protein in 60 cases of PTC, and the relation between the expression of Snail or N-cadherin and clinicopathologic indicators was analyzed. Western blot was used to investigate the constitutive and inducible expressions of Snail and N-cadherin protein. Results①The positive rates of Snail and N-cadherin protein expressions were 85.0% (51/60) and 78.3% (47/60) respectively in the PTC tissues of 60 patients with PTC, which were significantly higher than those (0, 0, respectively) in the corresponding normal tissues adjacent to the cancer (P < 0.01).②The positive rates of Snail and N-cadherin protein expressions in the PTC with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in the PTC without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01), which were not related with the gender, age, tumor size of the patients (P > 0.01).③There was a positive correlation between Snail and N-cadherin protein positive expression (rs=0.721, P < 0.001).④The constitutive and inducible expressions of Snail and N-cadherin in the PTC tissues and cell lines further were identified by Western blot. ConclusionsSnail and N-cadherin could constitutively express in PTC, which might play important roles in the development and metastasis of PTC. Snail and N-cadherin might be used as effective indicators.
ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism by which metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3) participates in glioma resistance through reactive oxygen species. Methods Protein expression in glioma stem cells (GSCs) and non-GSCs was detected using Western blotting. GSCs included U87 and SHG44 cells, while non-GSCs included U87s and SU-2 cells. After overexpressing MTA3, U87 and SHG44 cells were divided into Lv-scr and Lv-MTA3 groups. The self-renewal capacity of glioma cells was assessed through a neurosphere formation assay. Cell survival fractions were examined following exposure to 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Gy X-ray irradiation under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the stem cell markers CD133 and nestin, as well as the differentiation markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, for astrocytes) and neuronal class Ⅲ β-tubulin. Results In GSCs, MTA3 expression was lower in the U87s and SU-2 groups. After MTA3 overexpression, Lv-MTA3 expression was higher in U87s and SU-2 compared to the Lv-scr group. Under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, U87 and SU-2 showed greater radioresistance compared to glioma cell lines U87 and SHG44. Compared to non-GSCs, basal reactive oxygen species formation was reduced in GSCs, while reactive oxygen species generation was increased in non-GSCs. Following exposure to different doses of X-rays under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, GSCs with MTA3 overexpression exhibited greater radiosensitivity than those with stable integration. Additionally, MTA3 overexpression slightly increased the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) in GSCs. MTA3 overexpression reduced the immunoreactivity of CD133 and nestin in both stem cell lines, and increased immunofluorescence staining of GFAP and neuronal class Ⅲ β-tubulin, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions MTA3 is downregulated in GSCs. Overexpression of MTA3 reduces the radioresistance and stemness of GSCs both in vitro and in vivo. MTA3 plays a crucial role in regulating the radiosensitivity and stemness of GSCs through reactive oxygen species.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the correlation of adhesive molecule expressions with potential of invasion and metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods S-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect CD44v6 and E-cadherin expression in 58 cases of PTC. Results The positive rates of CD44v6 and E-cadherin in PTC were 72.40%and 41.4% respectively. There was a positive correlation between CD44v6 expression and tumor invasive and metastatic potential in PTC (P＜0.05), and a reverse correlation between E-cadherin expression and the potential (P＜0.01).Moreover,there was a reverse correlation between the CD44v6 and E-cadherin expression in PTC(P＜0.05). Conclusion These data show a correlation between the adhesive molecule expression and the potential of invasion and metastasis in PTC. CD44v6 and E-cadherin may be prognostic indicators in PTC.