Objective To review the research progress of the treatment of osteosarcoma, and to thoroughly understand its current state of research and prospect so as to lay a sol id foundation for the cl inical treatment. Methods The cl inical and experimental research l iteratures about treatment of osteosarcoma were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The present treatment of osteosarcoma is still need to comprehensive therapy which combine chemotherapy and surgical treatment. There are some progresses in gene therapy and molecular targeting therapy which can improve survival rate. Furthermore, well-designed studies and cl inical trials are needed to evaluate the potential therapeutic impact before they are used in cl inical. Conclusion Advancement in chemotherapeutic regimens has improved survival and l imb-sparing surgery in the treatment of osteosarcoma, but the progress of gene therapy and molecular targeting therapy gives new hope for osteosarcoma patients.
Objective To summarize the current progress in the genetic modification of vascular prostheses and to look forward to the future of genetic modification in vascular prostheses. Methods PubMed onl ine search with the key words of “vascular prostheses, gene” was undertaken to identify articles about the genetic modification of vascular prostheses. Then these articles were reviewed and summarized. Results To improve long-term patency of vascular prostheses, various genes were transfected into seeded cells. The antithrombosis activity of local vessels increased. Conclusion Progresses in tissue engineering and molecular biology make possible endothel ial ization and genetic modification of vascular prostheses. However, because most relevant researches are still basic experiments, further study is needed before cl inical appl ication.
Objective To review the latest progress in classification system of thoracolumbar fractures and its surgical treatment with posterior approaches. Methods Recent l iterature about classification system of thoracolumbar fractures and its surgical treatment was reviewed. Results For the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture, the surgeon first should decide whether the surgical treatment was necessary. Recently, a new classification system had been developed to help the surgeon make the right decision. The surgical methods included short segment internal fixation and long segment internalfixation with or without fusion, and minimally invasive internal fixation. Conclusion The progress in the surgical treatmentof thoracolumbar fracture will help spinal surgeon decide the necessary surgery beneficial for the patients. The most appropriate and effective surgical method with the minimum damage should be used to treat the fracture. The advantages of non-fusion surgical treatment still need a further study.
ObjectiveTo discuss the relationship between angiogenesis and the clinical pathological characteristics, prognosis in primary gallbladder carcinoma (PGC ). MethodsThe specimens of 42 patients with PGC who underwent operation during 1993 and 1996 were collected. The immunohistochemical staining was performed in these specimens through SABC manner. Angiogenesis was represented by intratumor microvessel count (MVC ) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF ).ResultsIn all the patients, the average MVC was 70.4±20.7, and the VEGF positive expression rate was 69.0%. The mean MVC was 57.9±15.4 in the tumor of histograde Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and was 88.8±11.5 in another group of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively. The mean MVC was 45.0±17.0 in the cases of Nevin stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and was 77.2±16.0 in the other cases of Nevin stage Ⅳ and Ⅴ. There were significant differences between two groups. VEGF expression positive rate was correlated with grade and stage, in the patients with poordifferentiated grade and late stage the MVC was significant higher. The expression of VEGF was markedly correlated with MVC. The 3year survival rate was significant lower in the group of high MVC or VEGF positive expression. Conclusion Manifold VEGF secretion in PGC may increase the MVC value, and accelerate the tumor advance and metastasis. Angiogenesis may be considered as an effective predictor to the prognosis of the primary gallbladder carcinoma.
Total hip arthroplasty is an end-stage treatment for hip diseases such as hip osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Traditional surgery models are still mostly used in China, and related day surgery models abroad have shown that day surgery for total hip arthroplasty is as safe and feasible as traditional pattern without increase in complications and readmission. It can also shorten the length of hospitalization for patients, reduce hospitalization costs, thereby speeding up bed turnover and increasing the utilization of medical resources. This article reviews the patient admission, perioperative management, anesthesia and surgical techniques, post-discharge rehabilitation and nursing care of patients undergoing day surgery for total hip arthroplasty, and aims to providea reference for the development of day surgery for total hip arthroplasty in China.
The earliest record of chest trauma surgery was B.C 3000 years. Before 15th century, chest trauma surgery only focused on simple wound treatment of the chest wall. At the beginning of 20th century, treatment of organ injury in the thoracic cavity appeared. In the 50's-80's of the 20th century, complete structure and knowledge of modern chest trauma surgery came into being. Since the 90's of the 20th century, development of new techniques such as minimally invasive surgery, new concepts such as fast-track surgery and damage control surgery, new materials, multidisciplinary cooperation, Internet technology, and translational medicine all have contributed to outcome improvement of patients with chest trauma, and will contribute to the development of chest trauma surgery in the future.
At present, interventional therapy for structural heart disease is in a period of vigorous development. Among them, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, as a representative of the interventional treatment of heart valve disease, has made rapid progress, which is a bright spot in the field of cardiovascular disease. The future development of transcatheter tricuspid valve repair/replacement is also promising. With the availability of important clinical evidence, the indications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement have been extended to the full risk range of severe aortic stenosis. More and more data showed that transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve interventions could effectively alleviate patients’ symptoms and improve their prognosis. Transcatheter valve interventions have developed rapidly and have made tremendous progress in China. This article will review and interpret the important progress in the field of transcatheter valve interventions.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). MethodsThe literatures about the research progress of the GIM were reviewed. ResultsThe most important histological feature of GIM was the presence of goblet cells, which was associated with the risk factors of Helicobacter pylori, gastric ulcer, reflux of bile acid, old age, overweight, and so on. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori, individual drug intervention, and regular endoscopic surveillance were considered to be effective prevention and treatment measures. GIM was recognized as the precancerous lesion of gastric cancer, however, the pathogenesis of GIM in gastric carcinogenesis had not been recognized so far. ConclusionsIt has a relationship between GIM and gastric cancer. The mechanism of GIM, the pathogenesis of GIM in gastric cancer, individual therapy measures, and the formulation of endoscopic surveillance strategy, however, still need further multicenter and large clinical study.
Abstract: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has become more and more popular, but how to decrease the thrombotic stenosis of saphenous vein grafts remains a tough problem clinically. Some researchers raised that aspirin resistance (AR) may be one of the most principal causes of graft thrombus and many correlative studies have been reported in recent years．In this article, we reviewed and analyzed the concept and evaluation criterion, incidence rate, mechanisms, clinic significance, and preventing strategy of AR, expecting to deepen the understanding of AR and help to optimize the antiplatelet therapy for postCABG patients with AR.
Objective To introduce the methods and the advancements of early diagnosis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder (PCG), and improve the early diagnostic rate of PCG. Methods Recent relevant literatures were reviewed. Results It was difficult in early diagnosis of PCG and with a poor prognosis. Comprehending case history and careful examination and being assisted by multiple imaging methods and molecular biology technology could markedly improve the early diagnostic rate. Conclusion Comprehending the progress will contribute a lot of improving the early diagnostic rate and selecting reasonable clinical methods to be used in early diagnosis of PCG.