From 1984 to 1993, 49 cases with varioussoft tissue defects around the knee were treated with pedicled calf myocutaneous flap, lateral sural cutaneous artery island skin flap, saphenous neurovascularskin flap and fasciocutaneous flap. The postoperation results were sucessful in 47 cases, and failure 2 cases, in one case with flap infection and theother with scar formation surrounding the knee. Both the failure cases were cured with split skin graft. The patient were followed up for an average of three and a halfyears, the knee function was almost completely regained, and the blood supply of the flaps, the elasticity and colour of the flaps were similiar to that of the normal skin, without being cumbersome. The sensation of the saphenous neurovascular flaps and the lateral suralcutaneous artery island flaps was preserved, except partial numbness was presented at the distal part of the flaps. Operative indications and selection of cases were discussed.
From March 1991 to October 1993, 6 the latissimus dorsi M. was transferred to reconstruct the flexor of the elbow following the injury of brachial plexus in 12 cases (8 males and 4 females). The average age was 31-year-old (6to 45-year-old). The patients were followed up for six months to two years. All of musculocutaneous flaps were survived. The contour of the upper arm was satisfactory. In 8 cases, the muscle strength was more than grade 4 and the active motion of the elbow was 135 degrees in flexion and 10 degrees in extension. The elbow could lift the load of l0kg. In 2 cases, the muscle strength was grade 4 and the active movement was 25 degrees in flexion and 25 degrees in extension. On 90 degrees flexion, the elbow could lift the load of 3kg. In 2 cases, the muscle strength was grade 3 and the active movement of elbow was 100 degrees in flexion 25 degrees in extension. Following the irreversible injury of the brachial plexus, the atrophy of the muscles was obvious. After the transfer of musculocutaneous flap, the circumference of the arm was increased while the tenseness of the skin was decreased. This faciliated the movement of the transferred muscle, improved the appearance of the upper limb and was convenient to observe the blood supply of the flap. When the brachial plexus was injuried at the root level, the latissimus dorsi M. was atrophied, after transfer of the nerve to the muscle, the function of the muscle recovered, then the tranferred muscle could be transferred to reconstruct the flexor of the elbow.
Objective To assess the long-time results of reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) function by transfer of the extensorindicis(EI). Methods From August 1978 to March 2003, 46 cases of loss of the EPL function were treatedby transfer of the extensor indicis. Of 46 cases, there were 32 males and 14 females, aged 16-51 years with an average of 36 years; there were 24 cases of oldtraumatic rupture and 22 cases of secondary rupture. The disease course was 2 days to 5 months, averaged 74 days. A specific EIEPL evaluation method (SEEM) wasused to measure the EPL function after transfer.Results Fortyone cases were followed up 9 years and 3 months on average (7 months to 23 years). Based on the SEEM, the results were excellent and good in 39 of 41 patients. The elevation deficit and combined flexion deficit were 0-2.2 cm (1.8 cm on average) and 0-3 cm (1.6 cm on average); the independent extension deficit was 0°-8° (5° on average). Conclusion Restoration of the extensor pollicis function by transfer of the extensor indicis is an effective and safe treatment option and the SEEM is a valid method for assessing EPL function.
This paper proposes a motor imagery recognition algorithm based on feature fusion and transfer adaptive boosting (TrAdaboost) to address the issue of low accuracy in motor imagery (MI) recognition across subjects, thereby increasing the reliability of MI-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) for cross-individual use. Using the autoregressive model, power spectral density and discrete wavelet transform, time-frequency domain features of MI can be obtained, while the filter bank common spatial pattern is used to extract spatial domain features, and multi-scale dispersion entropy is employed to extract nonlinear features. The IV-2a dataset from the 4th International BCI Competition was used for the binary classification task, with the pattern recognition model constructed by combining the improved TrAdaboost integrated learning algorithm with support vector machine (SVM), k nearest neighbor (KNN), and mind evolutionary algorithm-based back propagation (MEA-BP) neural network. The results show that the SVM-based TrAdaboost integrated learning algorithm has the best performance when 30% of the target domain instance data is migrated, with an average classification accuracy of 86.17%, a Kappa value of 0.723 3, and an AUC value of 0.849 8. These results suggest that the algorithm can be used to recognize MI signals across individuals, providing a new way to improve the generalization capability of BCI recognition models.
Objective To estimate clinical effect ofspin iliac deep vascular pedicled periosteum flap in repairing traumatic femoral neck of theca inside fracture in young and middleaged. Methods From April 1993 to September 2001, 12 cases of traumatic femoral neck fracture were given diaplastic operation with fixation of 3 centre hollow pressed bolt and were conducted under os traction bed and "C" arm X-ray machine. Spin iliac deep vascular pedicled periosteum flap wasstripped off, and transferred to the front of femoral neck fundus，then transplanted to the narrow inside of fracture through outer open door of articular capsule.Results All patients were followed up for 17 years. All fracture healedwithout femoral head necrosis, but mild arthritis appeared in 7 cases.Conclusion Vascular pedicled periosteum flap transfer of young and middle-aged femoral neck fracture, by decompression of femoral neck and reconstruction of blood circulation, can promote the fracture healing and decrease the wound and blood circulation destroy.
Objective To study the method and effect of transferring the pedicled second metatarsal base for repairing bone defect of lateral malleolus. Methods Thirty lower limb specimens were anatomized to observe the morphology, structure and blood supply of the second metatarsal bone . Then transferring of thepedicled second metatarsal base was designed and used in 6 patients clinically.All cases were male, aged from 24 to 48 years old, and the area of bone defect was 3-4 cm. Results Followed up for 3-11 months, all patients healed primarily both in donor and recipient sites. There were excellent results in 4 cases and good results in 2 cases . The morphology and function of the malleoli were satisfactory. Conclusion Transferring of the pedicled second metatarsal base for repairing bone defect of lateral malleolus is an effective and reliable operative method.
Abstract A doublepediculated randomized flap parallal to the longitudinal axis of the extremity was designed. The skin and the subcutaneous tissue superficial to the deep fascia was incised on both sides of the axis of the flap. The subcutaneous tissue was separated from the deep fascia. The two ends of the flap should not be incised, thus a bipolar doulepediculated flap was formed. A silicone membrane was placed under the flap toobstruct the blood supply of the flap partially so that the delay effect was created. After 10～14 days, one end of the pedicles was divided so thata pediculated superlong randomized flap was formed. The flap was transferred to cover the wound on the recipient area. The wound on the donor site was closed directly or covered by split skin graft. From Janurary 1991 to July 1994,this technique was used in 8 patients (male 6, female 2). The age averaged 30 years old. These cases included 5 cases of fracture complicated with skin defect or scar on leg and 3 cases of crashing injury of the lower extremity. The length and width of the flap and the width of the pedicle ranged from 20cm×7cm×4cm to 29cm×10cm×3cm respectively. The flaps were completely survived after operation. The wound and the exposed deep tissues such as bone, tendon, nerve and vessels were covered and repaired. As a consequence that the pediculated superlong randomized flap was effective in repairing soft tissue defect.
Methodological quality and transferability will be important issues for the credibility and usefulness of both published studies and administrative methods for evaluating the socio-economic value of marketed medicines in China. This paper critically examines factors commonly contributing to, or inhibiting, the quality and transferability of socio-economic evidence of the value of medicines, with specific reference to the Chinese community. It discusses appropriate approaches to design, performance, and reporting of published economic evaluation studies, as well as guides on assessment of quality of economic evaluations and recommends two internationally established methods that may be suitable for training in this setting.
Fetal nerve grafts preserved at deep breezing were used to repair the peripheral nerve defects. The nerve directs included the sural nerves (removed as the donor nerve in repairing other nerve defects) in 5 cases, and digital nerve in 2 cases. All of them got good sensitive function. Patients were followed up for 1 yeas, all patients had gained comparatively good sensation. The surgical technique was introduced, and the validity of the transplantation of fetal nerve was discussed.
In recent years, exploring the physiological and pathological mechanisms of brain functional integration from the neural network level has become one of the focuses of neuroscience research. Due to the non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics of neural signals, its linear characteristics are not sufficient to fully explain the potential neurophysiological activity mechanism in the implementation of complex brain functions. In order to overcome the limitation that the linear algorithm cannot effectively analyze the nonlinear characteristics of signals, researchers proposed the transfer entropy (TE) algorithm. In recent years, with the introduction of the concept of brain functional network, TE has been continuously optimized as a powerful tool for nonlinear time series multivariate analysis. This paper first introduces the principle of TE algorithm and the research progress of related improved algorithms, discusses and compares their respective characteristics, and then summarizes the application of TE algorithm in the field of electrophysiological signal analysis. Finally, combined with the research progress in recent years, the existing problems of TE are discussed, and the future development direction is prospected.