PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta;) on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS: TGF- beta; was abstracted from humam platelets using Bio-gel P-60 chromatography. It was introduced either topically(drops) or intraperitoneally into the SD rats after footpad injection of lipopolysaccbaride(LPS). The inflammation in the anterior uvea was clinically evaluated with slitlamp every day. RESULTS :TGF-beta; obtained from Biogel P-60 chromatography displayed single band on SDS-PAGE,showing a molecular weight of 12 500 EIU occurs significantly earlier and more severe in the rats which only received LPS injection than in the TGF-beta; treated rats. The duration of the inflammation was also much longer in the untreated rats than in the treated rats (P＜0. 001). CONCLUSION: TGF-beta; purified from human platelets may partly prevent the development of EIU and effectively reduce the severity of the inflammation induced by LPS injection. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 101-104)
Experimental uveitis was induced in rabbits by bovine serum albumin. Ocular inflammation,protein content of aqueous humor,T lymphocyte transformation and serum circulating immune complex were reduced markedly after the treatment of tetrandrine (Tet, 50mg/kg/d,ip)and dexamethasone(Dex, 5mg/kg/d,ip)for 8 days. Four days after withdrawal of Tet and Dex the protien content of the aqueous humor and serum eiucrlating immune complexes rose again,but these parameters in Tet group is lower than that in Dex group. The pathological study showed that inflammation of choroid in Tet treated group was lighter than that in untreated group. These results suggest that Tet is an effective inhibitory agent on bovine serum albumin-induced experimental uveitis. Its mechanism may be related to the suppression of cellular and humoral immune function aside from antiinflammation. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:149-152）
Objective To investigate the effect of bromocriptine on rats with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.Methods Tweenty-four Wistar rats were immunized by bovine soluble antigen and randomly divided into treatment and control group. The rats in treatment group took bromocriptine orally with the dosage of 5 mg/(kg·d), which could inhibit prolactin (PRL) deliverance, while the rats in control group took glucose solution orally with the dosage of 50 g/(L·d). The clinical changes of all the rats and the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were detected. The rats were anesthetized and killed after im munized for 21 days, and the eyes were removed and examined histologically.Results The occurrence of EAU and histology scores of rats in treatment group were lower than the controls (P＜0.05,P＜0.001). The DTH response of two groups had no statistic difference (P＞0.05). Conclusions Bromocriptine can generally inhibit PRL deliverance, and may also inhibit the occurrence of EAU in rats through neuroendocrine-immune regulating network. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：34-37)
Objective To examine the levels of interferon-gamma; (INF-gamma;), tumor necrosis factor-alpha; (TNF-alpha;) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in serum of patients with acute uveitis before and after treatment, and to explore the possible roles of those cytokines in the initiation and progression of the uveitis. Methods A series of 75 patients with acute uveitis,and 30 healthy persons from our hospital were investigated. The levels of INF-gamma;, TNF-alpha; and IL-6 in acute phase and convalescent phase were measured by the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Result The serum levels of INF-gamma;, TNF-alpha; and IL-6 in acute phase were significantly higher than that of the convalescent phase and the healthy controls (F=65.805/50.418/155.381, P=0.000). A significant negative correlation was found between the serum levels of INF-gamma;, TNF-alpha; and IL-6 in acute phase with their initial visual acuity(r=-0.656, -0.592 and -0.653, Plt;0.01). There was also a positive correlation among the serum levels of INF-gamma;, TNF-alpha; and IL-6(r=0.340, 0.467 and 0.338, Plt;0.05). Conclusions There are high serum levels of INF-gamma;, TNF-alpha; and IL-6 in patients with acute uveitis, and the cytokines levels were decreased after the treatment. The results suggested that the INF-gamma;, TNF-alpha; and IL-6 involved in initiation and progression of uveitis.
Objective To observe the interferon-gamma; (IFN-gamma;), interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels of Th1 cytokine and IL-4、IL-10 levels of Th2 cytokine in serum and culture supernatants of splenic cells of the rats in the prevention of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis（EAU）by oral tolerance. Methods 72 Lewis rats were randomly divided into EAU group，oral tolerance group (which including 10 mu;g、100 mu;g、1 mg、10 mg of S antigen group respectively) and control group，12 rats in each group. The animal model of EAU was induced by immunization with S antigen（50 mu;g）and Freundrsquo;s complete adjuvant. Oral tolerance 10 mu;g、100 mu;g、1 mg and 10 mg group were fed with 1 ml mixture of 10 mu;g、100 mu;g、1 mg、10 mg S antigen and 1 mg trypsin inhibitor respectively by intubation，once the other day，totally 7 times，and then induced EAU according to above methods；control group was fed with 1 ml mixture of phosphate buffered saline and 1 mg trypsin inhibitor，once the other day，totally 7 times，and then induced EAU. The clinical manifestation of EAU in the eye were recorded,the eyeballs were enucleated at the peak of EAU，followed by pathological grading. Meanwhile the serum was colleced; splentic cells were separated and cultured to collect the supernatant. Cytokine levels of IFN-gamma;, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in serum, cultured supernatant of splenic cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with EAU and control group, the levels of IFN-gamma; and IL-2 (Th1 cytokine) in the serum in 100 mu;g and 1 mg group were decreased while the levels of IL4 and IL10 (Th2 cytokine) were increased，the differences were statistically significant（F=51.9, 68.8, 35.7,7.5,P＜0.01). Compared the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum in 10 mu;g, 10 mg group with EAU and control group, the differences were not statistically significant. In 100 mu;g、1 mg group, the levels of IFN-gamma; and IL-2 (Th1 cytokine) in the culture supernatant of splenic cells were decreased while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine) were increased, compared with EAU and control group, the differences were statistically significant（F=57.1,15.6,33.1,167.7, P＜0.01）. Compared the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine in the culture supernatant of splenic cells in 10 mu;g、10 mg groups with EAU and control group, the difference are not statistically significant. Conclusions In the process to prevent EAU by oral intake, the levels of IFN-gamma; and IL-2 (Th1 cytokine ) were decrease while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine). Oral administration with too high or low dose of the antigen can not prevent EAU as well as the cytokine levels do not change obviously. Cytokines has played an important role in the prevention of EAU.
Clinical materials of 198 patients with anterior uveitis were amdysed. The etiologic factors of disease, were estimated by history of the disease,clinical manifestation,concurrent diseases and laboratory findings.The main relevant causes were found successively to be rheumatlc arthritis (57 cases,28.79%), Fuchs syndrome (15 cases,7.58%) and herpes simplex virus infection (10 cases,5.05%).The diagnosis,treatement and etiology of anterior uveitis were discussed,and it was suggested that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to prevent loss of sight. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:159-161）
Objective To probe the association between HLA-B27 subtype and acute anterior uveitis(AAU). Methods The HLA-B27 gene of 49 AAu patients were inspected by means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and the B27 subtypes of AAU patients were analyzed by means of DNA sequencing and simulated nucleotide hybridization in computer. Results Twenty-nine(59.39%)of 49 AAU patients were B27 positive, and among them 13 (44.00%)were B2704 and 16(56.00%)B27052 in subtypes．No statistically significant difference in most clinical features were found between the patients with B2704 and B27052.In B27 pasitive patients,8 (seven is B27052 and one is B2704) of them were complicatde with ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Conclusions The AAU patients with either B2704 or B27052 have similar clinical feature.The B27052 gene may be an important factor for complicated AS in AAU patients. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 139-142)
One hundred and thirty patients with uveitis in north-western zone of our country were analyzed based on anatomical classification and their causes. It was found that anterior uveitis was the commonest type in uveitis,accounting for 86.15% of total patients. Intermediate uveitis, pan-uveitis and posterior uveitis accounted repectively for 6.92%, 3.85%and3.08% of the total patients. Rheumatic arthritis was the most frequently accompanied systemic disease in patients with uveitis,showing a possibly causative link between them in their pathogenesis. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:156-158）
Purpose To investigate whether experimental autoimmune uveitis can be induced equally in different rats by urea soluble fraction of bovine melanin-associated antigen(USF-BMAA),and,if so,difference among them. Methods Lewis rats,F344 rats,Wistar rats were immunized with USF-BMAA emulsified with complete Freud is adijuvant and Bordelella pertussis to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis.The animal models were investigated clinically and histopathologically and compared with each other. Rusults Experimental autoimmune uveitis could be induced in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats with US-BMAA.Clinical and histopathalogical examination showed that bilateral ocular inflammation developed after immunization 9-13 days.Although inflammation was mainly located in anterior uvea,a mild focal choroiditis was noted in those with severe anterior inflammation.No inflammation was observed in the retina and pineal gland.Experimental autoimmune uveieis induced with USF-BMAA was similar to experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis incited with BMAA presented by other authors.Inflammation induced with USF-BMAA in F344 rats and in Lewis rats was quite similar in the severity and course of the model.But the inflammation was less in Wistar rats compared with that in Lewis rats and F344 rats. Conclusion Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis was successfully induced with USF-BMAA in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats.The difference with regard to the severity among these aminals were propably attributed to their genetic bankground. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:149-152)
Objective To observe the expression and investigate the significance of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods 100 Lewis rats were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) to induce EAU animal model, and they were divided into control group and treatment group randomly. The treatment group was administered cyclosporine A 20mg/（kgmiddot;d）after 1 to 28 days of immunization; the control group received saline buffer at equal quantity. All eyes were evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy before and after 7, 14, 21, 28 days of immunization; IL-4，IL-12，IFN-gamma; in the serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); the SOCS mRNA and protein level in PBMC were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and western blot. Results The inflammation was most obvious at 14 days after immunization. The control group showed obvious iridocyclitis; the treatment group showed mild anterior chamber inflammation but no posterior synechia and hypopyon. The highest level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma; were observed at 14 days after immunization, followed by decline to the baseline at 28 days after immunization in control group; the highest level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma; were found at 14 days after immunization in treatment group, but the level was lower than control group obviously. Compared with the level before immunization, there are no differences at other time-point. The concentration of IL-4 decreased indistinctly in control group but increased in treatment group. SOCS1、Both of SOCS1 and SOCS5 increased to the highest level at 14 days after immunization, as 4.05 and 383 times of preimmunization in control group respectively, as 1.15 and 1.16 times in treatment group respectively. The CIS and SOCS3 mRNA increased lightly in two groups and treatment group milder than control group. Marked increased expression of SOCS1 and SOCS5 protein was detected at 7, 14, 21days than preimmunization, both of CIS and SOCS3 protein were significantly increased on 14, 21 days in control group; only SOCS1 protein was significantly increased on 14 days in treatment group and there are no differences at other time-point compared to pre-immunization. Conclusion Up-regulation of SOCS1 and SOCS5 expression maybe related to intensive response of Th1 in the development of EAU. Mild up-regulation of CIS and SOCS3 maybe associated with intensive response of Th2 which against the reaction of Th1 to carry out the dynamic immune balance.