Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and large difference of segmentation boundary distance in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) image segmentation of knee joint, this paper proposes an ACL image segmentation model by fusing dilated convolution and residual hybrid attention U-shaped network (DRH-UNet). The proposed model builds upon the U-shaped network (U-Net) by incorporating dilated convolutions to expand the receptive field, enabling a better understanding of the contextual relationships within the image. Additionally, a residual hybrid attention block is designed in the skip connections to enhance the expression of critical features in key regions and reduce the semantic gap, thereby improving the representation capability for the ACL area. This study constructs an enhanced annotated ACL dataset based on the publicly available Magnetic Resonance Imaging Network (MRNet) dataset. The proposed method is validated on this dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate that the DRH-UNet model achieves a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of (88.01±1.57)% and a Hausdorff distance (HD) of 5.16±0.85, outperforming other ACL segmentation methods. The proposed approach further enhances the segmentation accuracy of ACL, providing valuable assistance for subsequent clinical diagnosis by physicians.
目的 探讨静脉留置针封管用肝素诱导的血小板减少症(HIT)的临床特点。 方法 分析2010年1月-2011年12月,在1 215例静脉留置针肝素封管患者中发生的14例HIT患者的临床表现,血小板(PLT)、HIT抗体的变化,氯吡格雷、阿加曲班、地塞米松等治疗的结果。 结果 1 215例患者中:发生HIT 14例,发生率1.15%;HIT并血栓形成综合征4例,发生率0.33%。14例HIT患者中:经典型12例,占85.7%。出血7例,发生率50.0%,其中1级、2级出血发生率分别为42.9%(6/14)、7.1%(1/14),分别占出血的85.7%(6/7)、14.3%(1/7)。血栓形成4例,发生率28.6%,其中静脉血栓3例,占血栓形成的75.0%。14例均发生于肝素封管后第1~14天,其中第6~7天8例,占57.1%。PLT降低到最低值的时间为肝素封管后2~10 d内,其中2~5 d内13例,占92.9%。PLT降低的最低值为(1.81~101)×109/L,其中PLT(20~70)×109/L12例,占85.7%;PLT降至最低时下降的比值为51.1%~90.1%,其中50%~80%10例、占71.4%。1例至28 d死亡时血小板没有恢复至肝素封管前水平,其余13例患者PLT减少持续时间5~13 d,其中5~10 d 10例,占76.9%。14例(100%)HIT患者HIT抗体阳性,其中13例(92.9%)在PLT开始减少时即阳性,1例在PLT减少2周后呈阳性。14例HIT患者中12例(85.8%)痊愈,1例(7.1%)脑血栓后遗症,1例(7.1%)死于急性肺栓塞。 结论 静脉留置针封管用肝素可导致HIT,PLT减少及血栓、HIT抗体是诊断的可靠依据。及时停用肝素,必要时抗凝、抗PLT、类固醇激素治疗效果好,部分患者进展快,死亡率高。