ObjectiveTo summarize the methods to prevent pulmonary complications in patients underwent abdominal surgery during perioperative period and provide reference for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.MethodLiteratures on the prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery were searched and reviewed.ResultsThe prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery included preoperative measures, intraoperative measures, and postoperative measures. Preoperative measures included preoperative education, patient risk assessment, smoking cessation, and so on. Intraoperative measures included anesthetic measures and surgical measures. Postoperative measures included atomization treatment, elimination of bad feelings, early postoperative activities, and so on. In view of the different basic conditions of patients underwent abdominal surgery, the selection and emphasis of preventive measures were also different.ConclusionThe prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications after general abdominal surgery should not only take preventive measures in perioperative period, but also should carry out individual management according to the patient’s condition and general conditions.
ObjectiveTo summarize the guiding role of imaging evaluation of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in recent years.MethodsThe reports of OLIF surgical imaging research at home and abroad in recent years were extensively reviewed and analyzed.ResultsPreoperative imaging evaluation plays an important role in guiding the operation of OLIF, the placement of fusion Cage, the selection of indications, and the reduction of complications.ConclusionDetailed preoperative imaging evaluation can correctly estimate the indications of OLIF, and avoid the nerve, blood vessel, and muscle injuries.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of ureteral injury in oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF).MethodsThe literature about incidence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of ureteral injury complications in OLIF was reviewed.ResultsOLIF surgery poses a risk of ureteral injury because its surgical approach is anatomically adjacent to the left ureter. Ureteral injuries in OLIF are often insidious and have no specific clinical manifestations. CT urography is a common diagnostic method. The treatment of ureteral injury depends on a variety of factors such as the time of diagnosis, the location and degree of injury, and the treatment methods range from endoscopic treatment to replacement reconstruction.ConclusionSurgeons should pay attention not to damage the ureter and find the abnormality in time during OLIF. High vigilance of abnormalities is conducive to the early diagnosis of ureteral injury. Furthermore, it is important to be familiar with ureter anatomy and gentle operation to prevent ureteral injury.
During transfer tasks, the dual-arm nursing-care robot require a human-robot mechanics model to determine the balance region to support the patient safely and stably. Previous studies utilized human-robot two-dimensional static equilibrium models, ignoring the human body volume and muscle torques, which decreased model accuracy and confined the robot ability to adjust the patient’s posture in three-dimensional spatial. Therefore, this study proposes a three-dimensional spatial mechanics modeling method based on individualized human musculoskeletal multibody dynamics. Firstly, based on the mechanical features of dual-arm support, this study constructed a foundational three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model including body posture, contact position and body force. With the computed tomography data from subjects, a three-dimensional femur-pelvis-sacrum model was reconstructed, and the individualized musculoskeletal dynamics was analyzed using the ergonomics software, which derived the human joint forces and completed the mechanic model. Then, this study established a dual-arm robot transfer platform to conduct subject transfer experiments, showing that the constructed mechanics model possessed higher accuracy than previous methods. In summary, this study provides a three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model adapting to individual transfers, which has potential application in various scenarios such as nursing-care and rehabilitating robots.