Objective To provide the evidence for anti-epidemic command and developing response plan through investigation on prophlactical disinfection in Deyang, the worst-hit areas after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods We used convenient sampling together with the report forms and the self-made questionnaire to collect information from 107 villages and 17 settlement spots for the disaster victims in 25 towns in Deyang disaster area. Results There were a total of 6 kinds of disinfectant, including the chlorine disinfectant, 2 kinds of peroxide disinfectant and 2 other types of disinfectant, which were delivered the Deyang disaster area through the National amp; Province CDC system allocation or the None-Goverment Organization donation. From May 17 to June 9, the large-scale preventive disinfection was carried out in the disaster area, covering tap water, the restroom and the latrine pit, trash, environment and sewage. All personnel who conducted the disinfection for prevention and public health in the villages and towns received the technical training for disinfection. Conclusion Various disinfectant types and difference specifications cause trouble in the training of manpower and the use of disinfectant. Preventive disinfection in the most serious disaster areas is better than in serious disaster areas. The main channel of obtaining the disinfectant is through the National amp; Province CDC. The daily-report system of the disinfected areas may monitor the progress of disinfectant use. The suitable disinfection may prevent the public health secondary disaster and protect the environment effectively.
In this study, silicone hand was disinfected by homemade touchable non-thermal plasma to simulate and evaluate its feasibility of application on human hand. Experimental results showed that there was no significant difference whenEscherichia coli (E. coli),Staphylococcus aureus (S. au),Staphylococcus albus (S. al), andPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. ae) were loaded on the silicone hand surface and treated with plasma. The efficiency of plasma disinfection was higher when the treatment time was prolonged or initial bacterial density was lower. When initial bacterial number was 1.0×106–1.0×107 CFU, the plasma disinfection process mainly occured in the first 5 s and more than 99% of bacteria could be disinfected. This study can provide guidelines for the development of a new plasma device for human hand disinfection.
ObjectiveTo investigate on preoperative hand-washing for analyzing the underlying problems, in purpose of preventing operation-related infection via strengthening the standardization of surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection. MethodsFrom July to September 2014, surveillance video of pre-operative hand-washing was studied and analyzed. We randomly selected 100 subjects, and assessment was performed based on the self-made surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection protocol. Grading was done strictly. The passing score was 60 or higher; a score of 70-79 meant good; and a score of 80-100 indicated excellence. ResultsIn the survey, 91 in the 100 subjects were qualified. Among the qualified subjects, there were 53% of excellence and 20% of good. The major problems included erroneous methods, step omissions, time lacking, pollution, wrong flushing method or dry-hand method, and insufficient washing time. ConclusionBased on the survey, the administration department is advised to strengthen the regulatory supervision and education training based on standard surgical hand-washing and hand-disinfection criteria, especially training interns and new staff, in purpose of reducing the incidence of operation-related infection and improving hospitalization management qualities.
ObjectiveTo investigate the problems in the use of quick-drying hand disinfectants and formulate intervention measures to improve the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff.MethodsFrom February 2014 to June 2016, the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff was continuously observed according to the hand hygiene observation table recommended by the World Health Organization. The questionnaire on the use of quick-drying hand disinfectants, which passed the reliability and validity test, was used to find out the reasons leading to the low compliance rate of hand hygiene among nurses, and pertinent interventions were formulated. From November 2016 to December 2017, intervention measures were gradually implemented throughout the hospital, and the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff was continuously observed again. Then we compared the compliance rate of hand hygiene and the compliance rate of hygienic hand disinfection among nurses in the second quarter of 2016 (before intervention) with those in the last quarter of 2017 (after intervention).ResultsThe compliance rates of hand hygiene and hygienic hand disinfection among nurses before intervention were 62.15% and 49.77%, respectively, and those after intervention were 91.64% and 90.80%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionThe factors affecting the hand hygiene compliance of nursing staff are identified through questionnaires and targeted intervention measures have effectively improved the hand hygiene compliance rate of nursing staff.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence of the experience with medical sewage treatment procedures in medical institutions in China. MethodsDatabases including CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were electronically searched to collect studies on the medical sewage treatment process, flow, and specifications in medical institutions in China. We used the quality evaluation system to classify and grade the experiences based on the principles and methods of evidence-based science and performed a descriptive analysis. ResultsAfter the SARS pandemic in 2003, China systematically established and standardized the technical criteria of medical sewage treatment and discharge. Moreover, a prevention system for the epidemic using medical sewage was constructed, which guaranteed that the quality of medical sewage treatment and discharge would meet the criteria and protect the citizens, and the technical specifications of medical sewage treatment would progress and increase strictly. At present, medical sewage treatment in medical institutions in China was based on mechanical and biological methods, and disinfection was mainly performed using chlorine and its compounds, ozone, and ultraviolet light. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic requires a higher quality of medical sewage treatment and discharge criteria for medical institutions in China. To meet these criteria, all medical institutions in China should check, replace, and update their old facilities; strengthen personnel training and effectively ensure the quality of medical sewage treatment.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) in disinfecting multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).MethodsWe searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database for before-after studies or case-control studies or cohort studies evaluating efficiency of HPV and published from January 2010 to December 2020 (the time range was from January 2000 to December 2020 in the snowball searching). RevMan 5.4 and R 4.0.2 softwares were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 9 studies were included, consisting of 8 before-after studies and 1 cohort study. Six studies evaluated positive rate of environmental samplings, meta-analysis revealed that HPV combined with manual cleaning disinfected the environment efficiently [relative risk (RR)=0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.01, 0.08), P< 0.000 01] and HPV was more efficient than manual cleaning [RR=0.04, 95%CI (0.02, 0.10), P< 0.000 01]. Three studies evaluated the hospital-acquired MDROs colonization/infection rates, and the results of the 3 studies were consistent, revealing that HPV could reduce hospital-acquired MDROs colonization/infection rates.ConclusionHPV is efficient in reducing MDROs contaminated surfaces and hospital-acquired infection rate.
Objective To evaluate the disinfection efficacy of alcohol-based hand disinfectants for medical glove surface in continuous operation, and explore approaches of improving hand hygiene compliance. Methods Between March and July 2015, and between March and July 2016, all the nurses (n=5) in Blood Collection Room of Outpatient Department with many patients and frequent sterile operation needed were included in this study. Nurses wearing gloves for hand hygiene and disinfection between March and July 2016 were regarded as the observation group, and those who used alcohol-based disinfectants for routine hand hygiene without gloves between March and July 2015 were designated into the control group. The hand hygiene compliance was compared between the two groups. From March to July 2016, alcohol-based hand disinfectants were used for disinfection on the glove surface during continuous blood sampling by nurses with gloves on their hands. Fifty samples were collected respectively after the gloves were used for 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 continuous times for blood sampling. Then, the samples were sent to the bacteriology room for culture. Results All of the 250 samples were qualified, and the bacterial colonies on the surface of gloves were equal to 10 cfu/mL2 or lower. NoStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichiacoli or other pathogens were detected on the glove surface. However, after the gloves were continuously used for 15 times, the gloves of two nurses could not meet the research criteria again because of significant sweating. Conclusions In the process of continuous blood sampling, it is effective to use alcohol-based hand disinfectants to disinfect the surface of medical gloves, which can promote hand hygiene compliance to a certain extent. However, there is a certain limit on the times of usage for medical gloves.
Objective To study the disinfection effect of hand disinfectants containing alcohol after heating, and the comfortable feeling of using warm disinfectants among the medical staff in operation rooms. Methods Between November 2016 and January 2017, we analyzed the disinfection effect of two alcohol-containing hand disinfectants after heating in operation rooms through on-the-spot disinfection and inspection. Questionnaire was used to investigate the comfortable feeling of using warm hand disinfectants. Results After standing for 7 days at a temperature of 37℃, the major content of the two disinfectants decreased by less than 10%. Three minutes of disinfection by using the two kinds of disinfectants had an average natural-bacteria killing logarithm higher than 1.00, and they both had a qualified disinfection effect. Moreover, 96.7% of the medical personnel believed that warm disinfection products were more comfortable. Conclusion After heating, the two kinds of alcohol-containing hand disinfectants are effective in hand disinfection and more comfortable to use, which can improve hand hygiene compliance in surgical staff.
Objective To review the mechanism of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in the treatment of chronic skin ulcer, providing a new idea for ulcer therapy. Methods The literature about CAP in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers in recent years was extensively screened and reviewed. The treatment principle, active ingredients, and mechanism were summarized. Results CAP is partial ionized gas discharged by plasma generator in high frequency under high voltage. It contains electrons, positive and negative ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and ultraviolet rays. In vitro and animal experiments show that the active ingredients contained in CAP can inactive microorganisms, against biofilm, regulate immune-mediated inflammatory, promoting blood flow, stimulate tissue regeneration and epithelial formation in the course of wounds healing. Conclusion CAP play a role in different stages of chronic skin ulcer healing, with good effectiveness and safety, and broad clinical application prospects. But more studies are needed to explore the indications and dosages of CAP therapy.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of disinfection measures in the isolation ward of ICU in severe patients infected with the Omilkerong variant of the new coronavirus, and to optimize the infection control measures. MethodsReferring to the patient's epidemiological and nucleic acid sample data, nucleic acid sampling was performed on the isolated ward environment by surface sampling method, and the nucleic acid Ct value of virus was detected by parallel fluorescence PCR method. The aerosol was collected by a wet-wall cyclone sampler, and the nucleic acid Ct value of the virus was detected by parallel fluorescence PCR. ResultsBefore daily disinfection, SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were found on the surface of the patient's ward and air sampling after the tracheoscopic tracheostomy. No positive samples of SARS-CoV-2 were found on the surface of articles and air in the patient's ward after daily disinfection. ConclusionThe daily disinfection measures of the hospital can achieve the effect of SARS-CoV-2 disinfection, which suggests that the surface of the articles in the ward after invasive operations such as tracheostomy and tracheoscopy, especially within 2 meters of the tracheostomy and the tracheostomy, is the key part of disinfection, which needs to be paid attention to.