The authom analysed the predisposing factors for macular pucker(MP) after retinal dotachment surgery.Thirteen clinlcal risk factors correlated with the development of MP were identified, As the incidence related to various factors was compared with reported in the literature,the most significant 3 risk factors of MP were: the obvious hemorrhage accumulated in maeular area, the macular hole treated with diathernly,and the patient lay on one's back for approximately 2 weeks during postoperative retard absorption of subretinal fluid in the eyes with preoperative PVR,This suggested that the direct or indirect damage of maeular area was the major cause of development of MP. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1993,9:8-10）
Eighteen cases of loss or obliteration of eye sockets from trauma or tumour were repaired with various methods: skin graft, postauricle flap with tempopostauricular blood vessel, forehead flap with temporal blood vessel and temporal flap with subcutaneous pedicle. Following 1 to 5 years follwup, the results were good and the improvement on outlooking was remarkable. The skin grafting was a simple and applicable method but it needed a longer time of blepharorrhaphy. The flap transfer was more complicated but suitable for the obliteration of the eye socket accompanied with depression deformity, but it usually would result in a secondary cicatricical malformation at the region around the eye. Thus, it was important to select a best operative method according to the specific condition.
Objective To observe the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), its tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and contents of nitric oxide (NO) in the ocular tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with endotoxin induced uveitis（EIU）. Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into experimental (81 rats) and control group (9 rats). The model of EIU was induced in rats in experimental group by injecting with lipoplysaccharide (LPS) 200 μl into the hind feet pads, while the rats in the control group were not injected. Nine rats were executed 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and 7 days, respectively, after injecting with LPS; the NO content and concentration of protein in the aqueous humor in blood plasma, aqueous humor, and uveal tissues were detected. The expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and iNOS in the ocular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the average absorbance (A) value was evaluated by computer medical image analysis system. Results iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expressed in the epithelial cells of iris and ciliary body and exudated inflammatory cells of rats. The concentration of protein in the aqueous humor, the contents of NO in blood plasma, aqueous humor, and uveal tissues, and A value of MMP-9 had obvious relativity with the inflammatory extent, while no positive correlation was found between the inflammatory extent and the A value of iNOS and TIMP-1. Expression of iNOS was found 6 hours after injection, reached the peak after 12 hours, and then dropped gradually. The expression of TIMP-1 could be seen 24 hours after injection, and reached its peak after 72 hours. Conclusion The content of NO and expressions of iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 changes from the beginning and during the development of EIU, which suggests that NO, iNOS, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are involved in the pathologic process of EIU. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005, 21: 371-374)
PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of the retinal ganglion cell on the origin of the scotopic threshold response(STR)of the cat and human electroretinogram. METHODS:An optic atrophy model was established in cats with retinal photocoagulation around the optic disc. The STR and flash visual evoked potentials(FVEP)were recorded from 18 cases(24 eyes)of normal human,6 cases of the optic atrophy patients,6 cases of normal cats and 4 cases of retinal photocoagulating cats in 4, 8 and 16 weeks after retinal photocoagulation. In addition,ganglion cells were observated in 8 and 16 weeks after retinal photocoagulation using light and electron microscopes. RESULTS :The pathologic changes after retinal photocoagulation verify secondary atrophy of ganglion cells. STR was normal and FVEP was not recorded in cats of retinal photocoagulation and patients with optic atrophy. CONCLUSION :Retinal ganglion cell loss does not abolish the cat and human STR.There is no effect of ganglion cell on the origin of STR. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 215-218 ）
Objective To assess the change of the motion perception of cones in patients with AMD. Methods Motion perceptions of B、G and R cones of 20 eyes with dry type AMD were isolated by blue,green and red random dots stimulus displayed on the yellow,purple and blue-green background respectively,and keeping equiluminance between stimulus and background. Results The detecting displacement threshold and identifying threshold of motion perception from B,G and R cones were all damaged in eyes with dry type AMD compared with the normal group. Conclusion The abnormal changes of motion perception may reveal preclinical damage of visual function damage in dry type AMD. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 219-221)
PURPOSE：To search for the treatment of recurrent detachment of retina with severe proliferative vitreretinopathy(PVR) by vitreoretinal surgery. METHODS:Fourty-seven cases of recurrent detachment of retina with severe PVR treated by vitrectomy between September 1987 and Noverber 1994 were systematically reviewed. RESULTS:On discharge from the hospital,the retina was totally reattached in 30(63.8%)of the 47 cases,partially reattached in 9 cases (19.1%)and still detached in 8 cases(17.1%). CONCLUSIONS:In addition to using the surgical procedures similar to the conventional vitreoretinal surgery,the histopathological change induced by the previous operation in sick eyes should be paid attention to. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1996,12: 10-12）
PURPOSE:To investigate the cause and treatment of iatrogenic retinal breaks(lRB)in microvitreoretinal surgery. METHODS:The causes and treatments of 40 iatrogenie retinal breaks of 24 cases in micro-vitreoretinal surgery from July1994 to March 1996 in our department were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:40 IRB were found in 24 eyes,among them there were 16 eyes of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),5 eyes of taumatic PVR and 3 eyes of tractional retinal detachment, The treatments of IRB included scleral cryotherapy ,silicone band buckling,endodiathermy,intraocular tamponade and postoperative argon laser. The IRB of inferior retina and posterior Io scleral buckling acounded for 70% and 92% respectively. The total retinal and macular attachment were 17 eyes and the visual acuity of 19 eyes improved to 0.02 or better during the mean follow up periods of 5 months. CONCLUSION:The IRB is a severe complication in micro-vitrecretinal surgery and has to be obliterated either intraoperatively or postoperatively. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 19-21 ）
Purpose To explore the role of scanning laser tomography in the assessment of macular hole surgery. Methods Fifteen eyes of 14 patients with macular holes underwent scanning of their affected macular area using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT). The significance of topographic changes postoperatively were determined in eleven eyes which received vitrectomy surgery. The scan field was set at 15°of the retina and the depth was set to 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm. All the measurements were taken for 3 times and the average value of the 3 measurements was used. Results The average hole area was (0.499±0.34) mm 2 and the maximal depth of the hole was (0.284±0.11) mm. Topographic difference analysis of the eleven eyes showed a significant reduction in the height of the retina after vitrectomy. The maximal depth of the hole was (0.063±0.04) mm postoperatively. Conclusion Scanning laser tomography provides an objective evaluation of the anatomic outcome of the macular hole surgery. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 125-127)
Objective To investigate the effect of batroxobin on the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in diabetic rats. Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish diabetic models by intraperitoneal injecting with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), and were divided into 3 groups: diabetic group (n=20), batroxobin (40 mg/kg) group (n=20) and batroxobin (20 mg/kg) group (n=20). Twenty-five else rats were in control group. All of the rats were executed 7 days later. The function of BRB was observed by Evans blue method. Results concentration of VEGF protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbert assay (ELISA). The results of each group were compared. Results The content of BRB leaked into retina was obvious lower in the control group than which in the other 3 diabetic groups（Plt;0.01）. There was no significant difference of the content of Evans blue between the two groups with different dosage of batroxobin (P＞0.05). The content of Evans blue was lower in the 2 diabetic groups with different dosage of batroxobin than which in the control group (Plt;0.05). The content of VEGF in retina was obviously lower in control group and 2 diabetic groups with different dosage of batroxobin than which in the diabetic group (Plt;0.01), and obviously lower in batroxobin (40 mg/kg) diabetic group than which in the control group (P＝0.01). The content of VEGF in control group and batroxobin (20 mg/kg) diabetic group (P＝0.06) didnprime;t differ much, which occurred similarly in batroxobin diabetic groups with different dosage (P＝0.78). Conclusions Batroxobin may alleviate the damage of function of BRB in diabetic rats and reduce the expression of VEGF, which suggests that batroxobin can protect the function of BRB to a certain extent. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 16-19)