Objective To investigate the impact of laparoscopic versus. open hepatic resection for liver cancer on clinical rehabilitation and humoral immune function in patients organism. Methods Forty-four patients of laparoscopic and open left-lateral sectionectomy from January 2010 to June 2012 were selected， including 22 patients of laparoscopy group and 22 patients of conventional laparotomy group. The levels of IgG， IgA， IgM， C3， C4， C reactive protein （CRP）， IL-2， IL-6， and TNF-α in peripheral blood of patients on the last day before operation， first day and 5th day after operation were determinated by using ELISA assay. At the same time， the operative time， intraoperative bleeding， hospitalization time， and complications after operation between two groups were compared. Results The postoperative analgesic using time， first time eating， and hospitalization time in laparoscopic group were （1.9±0.8） days， （2.2±0.5） days， and （6.3±1.3） days， respectively， they were shorter than that in conventional laparotomy group （P＜0.05）. The operative time， intraoperative bleeding， complication rate， and mortality in two groups were not significant differences（P＞0.05） . Compared with before operation， the levels of C3， C4， IgA， IgG， IgM， and IL-2 on the first day after oper-ation in two groups were obviusly reduced， the levels of CRP， IL-6， and TNF-α on the first day after operation in two groups were significantly increased. The levels of C3， C4， lgA， IgG， lgM， and IL-2 on the first day after operation in conventional laparotomy group were significantly decreased than that in laparoscopic group （P＜0.05）. On the 5th day after operation， the levels of C3， C4， lgA， IgG， lgM， and IL-2 of laparoscopy group increased， the levels of CRP， IL-6，and TNF-α were reduced，that were no difference compared with before operation. Compared with before operation，the levels of C3， C4， lgA， IgG， lgM， and IL-2 of conventional laparotomy group were still at a low level state， and the levels of CRP， IL-6， and TNF-α were still at a high level state on the 5th day after operation. Conclusions Laparoscopic resection of liver cancer after operation， the patients’ recovery are quickly， and the impact on humoral immune function of laparoscopic radical resection for liver cancer patients is significantly less than that conventional laparotomy.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and is an important cause for cancer death. Although the application of immunotherapy in recent years has greatly improved the prognosis of NSCLC, there are still huge challenges in the treatment of NSCLC. The immune microenvironment plays an important role in the process of NSCLC development, infiltration and metastasis, and they can interact and influence each other, forming a vicious circle. Notably, single-cell RNA sequencing enables high-resolution analysis of individual cells and is of great value in revealing cell types, cell evolution trajectories, molecular mechanisms of cell differentiation, and intercellular regulation within the immune microenvironment. Single-cell RNA sequencing is expected to uncover more promising immunotherapies. This article reviews the important researches and latest achievements of single-cell RNA sequencing in the immune microenvironment of NSCLC, and aims to explore the significance of applying single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the immune microenvironment of NSCLC.
Objective To review the osteoimmunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair. Methods A wide range of relevant domestic and foreign literature was reviewed, the characteristics of various inorganic biomaterials in the process of bone repair were summarized, and the osteoimmunomodulatory mechanism in the process of bone repair was discussed. Results Immune cells play a very important role in the dynamic balance of bone tissue. Inorganic biomaterials can directly regulate the immune cells in the body by changing their surface roughness, surface wettability, and other physical and chemical properties, constructing a suitable immune microenvironment, and then realizing dynamic regulation of bone repair. Conclusion Inorganic biomaterials are a class of biomaterials that are widely used in bone repair. Fully understanding the role of inorganic biomaterials in immunomodulation during bone repair will help to design novel bone immunomodulatory scaffolds for bone repair.
ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of pretreatment systemic immune inflammation index (SII) with prognosis in esophageal cancer patients.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Chinese Biology Medicine, and Wanfang databases to identify eligible studies evaluating the relation between pretreatment SII and prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer from establishment of databases to December 2018. SII was defined as the absolute neutrophil count multiplied by the absolute platelet count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival. The Stata 12.0 software was applied for the meta-analysis, and the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed.ResultsA total of six retrospective studies involving 2 376 esophageal cancer patients were included and all patients were from China or Japan. The results revealed that elevated pretreatment SII was significantly associated with poor OS in esophageal cancer [HR=1.50, 95%CI (1.15, 1.95), P=0.002]. Subgroup analyses of OS indicated that SII had a high prognostic value in patients who received surgery [HR=1.54, 95%CI (1.14, 2.08), P=0.005] and were diagnosed as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [HR=1.50, 95%CI (1.11, 2.02), P=0.007]; however, no significant relation was observed between SII and prognosis in esophageal cancer patients who were treated with radiotherapy [HR=1.318, 95%CI (0.611, 2.841), P=0.482]. Furthermore, compared with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio, SII showed a higher predictive value for the prognosis of esophageal cancer.ConclusionsPretreatment SII may serve as an independent risk factor for prognosis of Chinese and Japanese esophageal cancer patients, especially patients who were treated with surgery and with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, more prospective studies with big samples from other countries or regions are still needed to verify our findings.
ObjectiveTo compare the effect on postoperative immune function between da Vinci robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) , and to provide clinical support for more effective surgical procedures.MethodsA total of 90 patients undergoing radical resection of pulmonary carcinoma in our hospital from June to November 2019 were included. There were 49 males and 41 females with an average age of 62.67 (37-84) years. Among them, 50 patients underwent da Vinci robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (a RATS group) and 40 patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (a VATS group). The perioperative indexes as well as postoperative inflammatory factors and immune level effects between the two groups were compared.ResultsCompared with the VATS, RATS could significantly shorten the operation time and decrease intraoperative blood loss (P<0.05). RATS also effectively reduced the increase of postoperative inflammatory factor level (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in postoperative immune function between the RATS group and the VATS group (P>0.05).ConclusionRATS is superior to VATS in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in perioperative indicators and inflammatory factors.
Objective To explore the causal relationship between DNA copy number and the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, as well as to investigate the potential mediating effects of immune cells. Methods The data related to 731 immune cell types, DNA copy number and AD from the Genome-Wide Association Study database were collected. A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship between DNA copy number and AD, primarily using the inverse-variance weighted method and MR-Egger method. Additionally, a two-step mediation analysis was performed to identify potential mediating immune cells. Results A total of 134 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were included for bidirectional MR analysis. The MR methods results showed a negative causal relationship between DNA copy number and the risk of AD (P<0.05), while the reverse analysis showed no statistical significance. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these results. The mediation analysis indicated that the immune cell phenotype (HVEM on CD45RA-CD4+) partially mediated the causal relationship between DNA copy numbers and the risk of AD, with a mediation effect proportion of 4.6%. Conclusion An increase in DNA copy numbers may reduce the risk of AD, and immune cells partially mediate this causal relationship.
Objective Risk factors for real-word immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer were analyzed by systematic analysis. Methods Computerized retrieval of PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library , WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP databases was carried out. Studies were collected from the database establishment to March 2023. Three researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4.1software. Results A total of 18 studies were included with a total of 4 990 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that, interstitial pneumonia [odds ratio (OR)=9.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.66 - 18.67, P<0.01], smoking history (OR=2.39, 95%CI 1.29 - 4.45, P<0.01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR=5.54, 95%CI 2.96 - 10.36, P<0.01), chest radiotherapy (OR=2.74, 95%CI 1.80 - 4.19, P<0.01), pulmonary fibrosis (OR=7.46, 95%CI 4.25 - 13.09, P<0.01), high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (OR=2.98, 95%CI 1.71 - 5.22, P<0.01), high absolute eosinophil count (AEC) (OR=3.92, 95%CI 2.17 - 7.08, P<0.01) and pembrolizumab (OR=2.90, 95%CI 1.56 - 5.37, P<0.01) were independent risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. Conclusions Interstitial pneumonia, smoking history, COPD, Chest radiotherapy, pulmonary fibrosis, high PD-L1expression, high AEC and pembrolizumab are independent risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. Due to insufficient evidence on the risk factors of low albumin, more studies are needed to further identify it.
Objective To investigate the application effect of LEER (less pain, early move, early eat, and reassuring) mode in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent LPD in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Forty patients treated with the traditional mode during the perioperative period were classified as the traditional group, and 47 patients treated with the LEER mode were classified as the LEER group. The perioperative indicators, inflammatory stress indicators, immune indicators, nutritional indicators and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and hospitalization cost of the LEER group were lower than those of the traditional group (P<0.05). The postoperative ambulation time, anal exhaust/defecation time, drainage tube removal time, time to normal diet and hospital stay in the LEER group were shorter than those of the traditional group (P<0.05). Compared with preoperative, the WBC count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level of patients in the two groups increased after operation, but the changes of WBC count and CRP level in the LEER group were smaller than those in the traditional group (P<0.05). The IgA, IgM and IgG levels of patients in the two groups were not statistically different before and after operation (P>0.05), and the postoperative IgA, IgM and IgG of patients in the LEER group were higher than those in the traditional group (P<0.05). The change values of IgM and IgG in the LEER group were smaller than those of the traditional group (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the change value of IgA between the two groups before and after operation (P>0.05). Compared with preoperative value, postoperative prealbumin (PA) and lymphocyte (LYM) levels in the two groups were decreased (P<0.05). The postoperative PA and LYM levels in the LEER group were higher than those in the traditional group (P<0.05). but the change value of PA before and after operation in the LEER group was smaller than that in the traditional group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the change of LYM between the two groups before and after operation (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the LEER group was 8.5% (4/47), and that in the traditional group was 35.0% (14/40). The incidence of postoperative complication in the LEER group was significantly lower than that in the traditional group (P=0.002). Conclusion Applying LEER mode in LPD can promote postoperative recovery of the patients, reduce postoperative stress response, improve nutritional status and protect immunity in the patients.
ObjectiveTo review the present situation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and discuss the advance of combined immunotherapy.MethodsThe relevant literatures on researches of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced HCC were retrieved to make an review.ResultsImmunotherapy intervention had been becoming a novel and promising therapeutic approach for HCC, which could suppress the progression of aggressive tumor and could inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis shown in some pre-clinical trials. Other studies had found that the combined strategy of specific immunotherapy and conventional therapies could significantly improve the clinical outcomes of HCC patients.ConclusionCombined immunotherapy can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of HCC and benefit more patients with advanced HCC.
ObjectiveTo summarize the biomarkers related to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodReviewed and summarized the literatures on the basic and clinical application of biomarkers related to programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors and their combination with targeted therapy.ResultsThe combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy had brought great hope for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC, but there were still some patients who could not benefit from it. Recent studies had shown that expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissue, tumor mutational burden, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, peripheral immune cells, circulating tumor DNA, gut microbiome, and so on, could predict the efficacy of immunotherapy or targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy for HCC.ConclusionsThere is no specific biomarker to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy and its combination regimen for HCC. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these biomarkers and to establish a multi-factor predictive model or immune score to screen patients who may benefit, which is of great significance for precise immunotherapy of HCC.