Objective To review the methods of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation.Methods The strategies of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation were analyzed and summaried on the basis of an extensive review of the latest l iterature concerned. Results The research development of immunological rejection mechanism and molecular biological technique provided new approaches for overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation. Conclusion It is only a matter of time for xenotransplantation to be appl ied cl inically.
【Abstract】 Objective To review the research progress of possible mechanism of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase(IDO) in immunological regulation and function of transplantation immunity. Methods The advances in the IDO location, immunological regulatory mechanism and function of transplantation immunity were introduced based on the recent related l iterature. Results IDO played an immunoregulatory role by locally depleting tryptophan in tissue microenvironment which resulted in immunosuppression of allogeneic T-cell prol iferation. IDO cDNA was del ivered to chromosome in interesting cells by gene transfection and stimulated to express, which was associated with a prolongation in allograft survival in vivo . Conc lu sion IDO offers a new way in transplantation immunity, and this provid novel method for elevating allograft survival rate.
OBJECTIVE L-arginine is a semiessential dibasic amino acid for humans and animals. This paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of L-arginine supplementation on partial-thickness burned patients. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the cellular immune function (T cell count, ratio of CD4/CD8, natural killer cell activity and IL-2 level) and protein metabolism (transferrin, prealbium and nitrogen balance) of patients in the experimental group which daily given 15 g arginine and the control group which daily given 25 g glycine. RESULTS The natural killer cell activity and IL-2 production in the experimental group were higher than that of the control group. The suppression of transferrin and prealbium was alleviated and the nitrogen balance was improved in the experimental group. CONCLUSION It suggests that exogenous arginine supplementation is beneficial for recovery of cellular immunity function and protein anabolism in partial-thickness burned patients.
SerumIgG,IgA,IgM,C3andC4weredeterminedbyneophelmetricimmunoassay,serumandbiliaryIL2,sIL2Rlevelsweremeasuredbyatwoantibodysandwichenzymelinkedimmunosorbentassayinpatientswithsimplegallbladdercarcinoma,withbothgallbladdercarcinomaandgallstone,withsimplegallstoneandhealthyindividuals.Theresultsshowedthat:①Comparedwithcontrols,thegallbladdercarcinomapatientshadobviouslyloweredserumandbiliarylevelsofIL2andCD+4cell;andtheypresentedamarkedincreasedserum,biliarylevelsofsIL2RandCD+8cell.②TherewascorrelationbetweenthelevelsofsIL2RandCD+8,IL2andCD+4inthepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomaandtheirclinicstage.③Comparedwiththepatientswithgallbladdercarcinoma,gallstonepatientspresentedamarkeddecreasedserumandbiliarylevelofsIl2RandCD+8cell,andamarkedincreasedserumandbiliarylevelofIL2andCD+4cell.Theresultssuggestthat:①Thepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomahaveimmunedepression;②Inthepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomaandgallstone,gallstoneasainjuryfactorbrokethebalancebetweenCD+4andCD+8,thebalancebetweenIL2anditsreceptor;③TcellsubpopulationandsIL2R,IL2levelsmaybeusedasmarkerstopredictthechangesinpatientswithgallbladdercarcinoma.
Objective To study the regulative effect of angelica sinensis on cellular immune function in perioperative patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods Fourteen patients with obstructive jaundice were injected with angelica before and after operation for 14 days. The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in lymphocytes in peripheral blood were measured, respectively. Results The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R decreased significantly in patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in peripheral blood lymphocyte increased significantly before and after operations (after treatment using angelica) (P＜0.01), though there was a little decrease after operation but they were still higher than that befor using angelica.Conclusion It maybe useful to use angelica to improve the cellular immune function in patients with obstructive jaundice.
Obesity, sleep disorders, psychological stress, sedentary are modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. There is growing evidence that these risk factors may accelerate the chronic inflammatory process of atherosclerosis and lead to myocardial infarction. Studies on the role of immune cells and their related immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis have shown that the above modifiable risk factors can affect the hematopoiesis of the bone marrow system, affect the production of immune cells and phenotypes, and then affect the progress of atherosclerosis. This review will focus on the effects of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors on the progression of atherosclerosis through the role of the innate immune system.
【Abstract】Objective To explore Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and distribution in rat pancreas.Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to detect expression of TLR4-mRNA and TLR4 protein respectively. Results RT-PCR of RNA isolated from rat pancreatic tissue yielded the predicted amplicon for the TLR4. IHC/immunofluorescence revealed TLR4 protein mainly distributed in the epithelium of the pancreatic duct, vascular endothelium of the exocrine section, endocrine islet also had some signs of distribution. No TLR4 protein signal could be detected in the acinar cells. Conclusion TLR4 could be detected in rat pancreas. Its distribution is consistent with its roles in immune surveillance, mainly in tissues exposed to the external environment such as pancreatic duct as well as in immunologically important settings such as pancreatic vascular endothelium. Islet also has some signs of distribution. No TLR4 expression in acinar cells, suggesting TLR4 immunological involvement in the pathophysiology of pancreas.
Objective To assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) relevant to COPD besides chronic bronchitis and chronic pulmonary cor disease in strengthening immune published in Chinese medical journals to provide scientific basis of systematic review (SR) of regulating the immune function of COPD in Chinese herbs. Methods 54 articles with clinical controlled trials were obtained by electronic searching and handsearching, and the method for randomized allocation, blindness, multi-centres, sample sizes, diagnosis criteria, exclusion criteria, source of cases, immune markers (cellular immunity, humoral immunity, erythrocyte immunity, nonspecific immunity), the clinical outcome assessment, statistical management, course of treatment and the side effects or adverse drag reaction, follow-up were investigated and then methodologically evaluated. According to the investigation, literatures with the method for randomized allocation, correct controls, appropriate sample sizes (≥60), the nation-wide diagnosis criteria, the objective clinical outcome assessment distinct statistical method were stipulated as the high-quality ones relatively. Results Among the 54 trials, 70.4% had explicit diagnosis criteria, 18.5% with exclusion criteria, 20.4% with comparability of baseline, 37.0% with distinct statistical method. In the therapy, 63.0% were with Chinese herbs. Conclusion The selected 7 articles belong to the high quality and possibly are to be explored in Meta-analysis.
Objective To study the effect of splenectomy on the anti-tumor immunity in rats with induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods At the second and fourth month of the induced HCC, the NK cell activity, TNF-α level and total lymphcyte in blood were measured in the group of splenectomy and the control group. Results There were no different in the total lymphcyte and TNF-α in the blood in two groups, but there were significant difference in the NK cell activity between the group of splenectomy and the control group (Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion There are some change in the anti-tumor immunity after splenectomy in rats, in which NK cell activity is at low level continuously. TNF-α isn′t affected after the second month after splenectomy.
Objective To investigate the relationship between blood CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells ( Treg cells) and cell immunity in patients with sepsis and its prognostic value.Methods 27 patients with sepsis admitted during August 2007 and August 2008 in ICU were enrolled, while 40 healthy volunteers served as control. According to the clinical outcome after 28 days’ treatment, the sepsis patients were assigned to a death group( n=8) and a survival group ( n =19) . Blood Treg% and CD4 /CD8 were detected by flow cytometry and total AgNOR area/nucleus area per cell ( IS%) was measured by silver nitrate staining and image processing. Results The Treg% in the patients with sepsis was significant higher than that in the normal control [ ( 5. 61 ±1. 60) % vs. ( 0. 78 ±0. 23) % , P lt; 0. 01 ] , while the level of CD4 /CD8 and IS% were significant lower[ CD4 /CD8: ( 1. 09 ±0. 30) vs. ( 1. 71 ±0. 36) , IS% : ( 5. 19 ±1. 07) % vs. ( 6. 76 ±0. 92) % , both P lt; 0. 01] . Significant correlations were found between Treg% and CD4 /CD8( r= - 0. 484, P lt;0. 01) , and between Treg% and IS% ( r = - 0. 588, P lt;0. 01) . Compared with the survival group, Treg% was significant higher [ ( 7. 09 ±1. 17) % vs. ( 5. 00 ±1. 33) % , P lt; 0. 01] , and CD4 /CD8 and IS% were significant lower[ CD4 /CD8: ( 0. 87 ±0. 22) vs. ( 1. 18 ±0. 29) , IS% : ( 3. 97 ±0. 42) % vs. ( 5. 71 ±0. 81) % , both P lt; 0. 01] in the death group. Conlusion Blood Treg% level can reflect the cell immune state of patients with sepsis and is of clinical value to assess the prognosis.