ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the regulation of malignant biological behavior of gallbladder cancer so as to provide references for its related research.MethodThe relevant literatures about studies of lncRNA in gallbladder cancer in recent years were reviewed.ResultsThe recent studies had shown that 19 lncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer had played the important roles in regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, “sponge” miRNAs, chemoresistance, and tumor metastasis. Among them, most lncRNAs tended to have carcinogenic properties, only a few had anticarcinogenic effect. Although the research suggested the mechanism and role of lncRNA to promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of gallbladder cancer, the current research on its mechanism was still limited. In addition, some lncRNAs were found to be specifically expressed in the serum of patients with gallbladder cancer, so which were expected to become biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis.ConclusionslncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer have carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic effect, or chemoresistance. They play potential roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and (or) treatment of tumors, but molecular mechanisms of their effects are still limited.
ObjectiveTo explore the values of CA19-9, CA242, CEA, and CA125 single or combined detection on clinical diagnosis and prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer. MethodsSerum tumor markers CA199, CA242, CEA, and CA125 of 63 patients with pancreatic cancer, 33 patients with cancer of bile duct, and 27 patients with benign pancreatic disease were detected, and those patients were followed up after operation. ResultsThe levels of CA19-9, CA242, CEA, and CA125 in patients with pancreatic cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign pancreatic disease and cancer of bile duct (Plt;0.05). The sensitivity of CA19-9 alone was the highest in the four tumor markers for the patients with pancreatic cancer 〔79.4% (50/63)〕, but the specificity (61.9%) was lower than that of CA242 (83.3%) and CEA (80.0%). The specificity of combined detection of CA199+CA242+CEA was the highest 〔93.3% (56/60)〕. The level of CA19-9 in carcinoma of body/tail of pancreas was significantly higher than that of carcinoma of pancreas head or whole pancreas (Plt;0.05). The serum levels of CA19-9 and CA242 in patients with stage Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ/Ⅲ (Plt;0.05). Fifteen patients were lost to follow up, 48 patients were followed up 2－12 months with an average 6 months. The levels of CA242 and CA199 in patients with pancreatic cancer on 0.5 month and 3 months after operation were lower than those before operation (Plt;0.05). ConclusionsSingle detection of CA19-9 can improve the diagnostic sensitivity, and combined detection of tumor markers CA199+CA242+CEA can improve the diagnostic specificity. CA19-9 or CA242 is a valuable marker for evaluating treatment effects and estimating prognosis.
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with small cell lung cancer. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and other databases (1966 to March 2007) to collect studies which evaluated the diagnostic value of NSE in patients with small cell lung cancer. The heterogeneity of included studies was tested by the Cochrane Collaboration’s software RevMan 4.2. The Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve and meta-analyses were performed by MetaDisc. Results Fifteen studies involving 4221 patients (672 SCLC and 3549 NSCLC patients, all diagnosed by the gold standard) were included. Meta-analyses showed that the heterogeneity among studies was high (P=0.000 2, I2=66.1%), the pooled sensitivity was 0.67 (95%CI 0.64 to 0.71) and the pooled specificity was 0.91 (95%CI 0.90 to 0.92). Subgroup analyses indicated that 4 of the studies which used the reagent supplied by The Academy of Military Medical Sciences (P=0.33, I2=13.4%, AUC= 0.9672, SE=0.0393) and another 4 which used the reagent supplied by Roche (P=0.23, I2=29.9%, AUC=0.8311, SE=0.0836) had no heterogeneity. Conclusion NSE could be regarded as one of the reference tests in patients with small cell lung cancer, but more high quality trials are required.
Objective To explore the application of nutritional and inflammatory markers in the prognosis assessment of resectable pancreatic cancer, and to provide new ideas for the prognosis assessment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Method The recent studies on nutritional and inflammatory markers for prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer at home and abroad were reviewed. Results Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy was the preferred treatment for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Poor nutritional status and severe systemic inflammatory response were closely related to postoperative tumor recurrence and other poor prognosis. Nutritional and inflammatory markers played an important role in evaluating the prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Nutritional and inflammatory markers, as simple and economical prognostic indicators, have broad clinical application prospects in the prognostic assessment of resectable pancreatic cancer.
ObjectiveTo determine the predictive value of preoperative systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) regarding the development of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after abdominal surgery.MethodsThisretrospective study involved 433 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Logistic regression risk model was used to evaluate the prognostic value of SII. We drew the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculated the area under the ROC curve to compared the predictive ability of SII, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte-to- lymphocyte ratio (MLR).ResultsThe independent risk factors of PPCs were preoperative respiratory diseases, preoperative history of chronic liver disease, maintenance of intravenous or inhalation anesthesia, and intraoperative infusion of more colloid (P<0.05). However, SII, PLR, NLR, and MLR did not predict the occurrence of PPCs, and they also did not predict ≥3 grade of PPCs (AUC<0.60, P>0.05).ConclusionsPreoperative SII is not a prognostic biomarker of PPCs occurrence in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Other biomarkers, such as PLR, NLR, and MLR, also have no predictive value for the PPCs in these patients.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in early diagnosis of endometrial cancer. MethodsDatabases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2013), PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data were electronically searched for relevant studies on HE4 versus the golden standard (pathological examination) in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer from inception to April 2013. Meanwhile, relevant journals were also manually searched. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated the included studies using the QUADAS items. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 and Meta-DiSc 1.0. ResultsFinally, a total of 16 studies involving 2 299 women (1 088 endometrial cancer patients diagnosed according to the golden standard, of which, 504 with benign uterine disease and 707 with normal cervical) were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, as for HE4 in early diagnosis of endometrial cancer (SEN=57%, 95%CI 0.54 to 0.60; SPE=92%, 95%CI 0.91 to 0.94; +LR=6.92, 95%CI 5.00 to 9.58;-LR=0.46, 95%CI 0.39 to 0.55; DOR=18.38, 95%CI 12.21 to 27.69; AUC=0.881 7). ConclusionThe current study indicates that serum HE4 is more sensitive and low specific when applied in patients with endometrial cancer, which is worth of being used in clinic. Due to the limitation of low quality of the included studies, more high quality trials are required to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To assess value and limitations of non-invasive methods in assessing liver fibrosis．Methods By summarized current situation and advancement of serum fibrotic markers, ultrasound, CT and MRI in assessing liver fibrosis, we investigated their value and limitations. Results In addition to diagnosis, non-invasive methods of assessing liver fibrosis assess severity of liver fibrosis. For liver fibrosis, however, non-invasive methods can not monitor effectively reaction to therapy and progression. Conclusion Non-invasive methods play important roles in diagnosis and assessing severity of liver fibrosis, and reduce the need of liver biopsy.
With the exacerbation of aging population in China, the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing rapidly. AD is a chronic but irreversible neurodegenerative disease, which cannot be cured radically at present. In recent years, in order to intervene in the course of AD in advance, many researchers have explored how to detect AD as early as possible, which may be helpful for effective treatment of AD. Imaging genomics is a kind of diagnosis method developed in recent years, which combines the medical imaging and high-throughput genetic omics together. It studies changes in cognitive function in patients with AD by extracting effective information from high-throughput medical imaging data and genomic data, providing effective guidance for early detection and treatment of AD patients. In this paper, the association analysis of magnetic resonance image (MRI) with genetic variation are summarized, as well as the research progress on AD with this method. According to complexity, the objects in the association analysis are classified as candidate brain phenotype, candidate genetic variation, genome-wide genetic variation and whole brain voxel. Then we briefly describe the specific methods corresponding to phenotypic of the brain and genetic variation respectively. Finally, some unsolved problems such as phenotype selection and limited polymorphism of candidate genes are put forward.
Objective To summarize the domestic and abroad articles related to the research on the relation between microRNA （miRNA） and pancreatic cancer，and explore the important effects of miRNA expression patterns in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods “microRNA and pancreatic cancer” were searched as key words by PubMed and CNKI series full-text database retrieval systems from 2000 to 2012. Totally 60 English papers and 15 Chinese papers were obtained. Choice criteria：the basic research of miRNA and pancreatic cancer，the clinical research of miRNA and pancreatic cancer， and the prospect of miRNA in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. According to the choice criteria，31 papers were finally analyzed. Results The miRNA expression spectrum and specific miRNA expression such as miR-21，miR-34，miR-217，miR-196a，miR-10a，miR-155，miR-221，miR-222，miR-181a，miR-181b，miR-181d， and the family members of miR-200 and let-7 might be used as tumor markers to differentiate pancreatic cancer from normal pancreas，chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic endocrine tumors，and might be used as prognostic factor to predict the outcome. Conclusions miRNA expression spectrum are not only related to diagnosis of pancreatic cancer， but also have provided a new research direction and method for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer．
ObjectiveTo explore the predictive value of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) for postoperative early outcomes in infants with aortic coarctation (CoA).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 344 children with CoA admitted to our hospital from September 2014 to October 2017, including 206 males (59.9%) and 138 females (40.1%), with an average age of 0.2-60.0 (7.1±10.6) months. The levels of NT-proBNP, clinical characteristics, imaging data and early follow-up results were collected and analyzed.ResultsCompared with the normal NT-proBNP group, there were statistical differences in age, the proportion of RACHS-1≥3, the proportion of preoperative pneumonia and dysplastic aortic arch, preoperative cardiac function, left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular dilatation, hospital stay, ICU duration, ventilator duration, duration of vasoactive drugs use, delayed chest closure, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), postoperative cardiac insufficiency in the abnormal NT-proBNP group (P<0.05). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, NT-proBNP level (>3 000 pg/mL) was an independent risk factor for prolonged ICU duration [OR=3.17, 95%CI (1.61, 6.23)], prolonged ventilator duration [OR=5.84, 95%CI (2.86, 11.95)], prolonged use of vasoactive drugs [OR=2.22, 95%CI (1.22, 4.02)], postoperative cardiac insufficiency [OR=3.10, 95%CI (1.64, 5.85)]; NT-proBNP level (> 5 000 pg/mL) was an independent risk factor for delayed chest closure [OR=3.55, 95%CI (1.48, 8.50)].ConclusionNT-proBNP level in children with CoA can be affected by many factors, including age, complexity of congenital heart disease, preoperative cardiac insufficiency, et al. The level of NT-proBNP has predictive value for postoperative early outcomes.