Abstract The fracture of the prosthetic stem after prosthetic replacement of femoral head is not rare. In this study, the photoeastic instrument was used to study the stress distribution on the prosthetic stem following its insertion and to analyse the factors influencing the fracture of the stem. Through the examination of 9 places in 8 cases, it was found that:(1) The removal of femoral calcar and the inframedullary filling of the bone cement directly influenced the stress distribution. (2) The valgus or varus condition of the prosthesis would lead to stress concentration on the stem. (3) Once lossening of the prosthesis occured it would change the preliminary installingstress distribution in the upper femur which would lead to fatigue fracture. Ths experimental data and clinical observation would provide scientific basis forthe prevention of fracture of prosthetic stem following prosthetic replacement of femoral head.
Objective To compare the outcomes and safety of 23G and 20G vitrectomy for treatment of infectious endophthalmitis. Methods This was a retrospective case study. Sixtyseven eyes of 67 eyes suffering from infectious endophthalmitis with a history of trauma or intraocular operation history were enrolled in this study. They were diagnosed by the examinations of best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressures, slit lamp microscope, indirect ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasound and CT. There were 49 males (49 eyes) and 18 females (18 eyes). The patients aged from 18 to 72 years with a mean age of (43plusmn;13) years. There were 60 patients (60 eyes) with a history of trauma, 7 patients (7 eyes) with intraocular operation history. The patients were enrolled into 20G vitrectomy group (35 patients, 35 eyes) before December, 2009 and 23G vitrectomy group (32 patients, 32 eyes) after January, 2010 when 23G vitrectomy system was imported in this hospital. Vitreous purulence was taken in all patients at the beginning of the surgery for bacteria and fungal culture and drug sensitivity test. A standard vitrectomy with artificial posterior vitreous detachment followed by internal limiting membrane peeling, and (or) intraocular laser photocoagulation, cryocoagulation, fluidair exchange with intraocular silicone oil or gas tamponade were performed in all cases. Broadspectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids were used systematically for one week after surgery, but glucocorticoids were not used for fungal infections. The followup was ranged from two to nine months with a mean of (7plusmn;1) months. The surgical time, inflammation situation, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, retinal reattachment rate, iatrogenic retinal hole rate, bulbar conjunctiva scar formation rate, reoperation rate and eye retention situation before and after surgery were comparatively analyzed. Results The mean surgical times were (126plusmn;12) and (89plusmn;12) minutes in 20G and 23G group, which was significantly different (t=3.125, P＜0.05). The major surgery complications were ora serrata dialysis and other iatrogenic retinal breaks, and were occurred in 34 eyes, including 30 eyes (85.71%) in 20G group and 4 eyes (12.50%) in 23G group (chi;2=35.85,P＜0.05). These 4 eyes in 23G group received foreign body removal surgery previously. The inflammation was controlled in 65 eyes (97.01%) including 34 eyes (97.14%) and 31 eyes (96.88%) in 20G and 23G group respectively, which was not significantly different (chi;2=0.004,P＞0.05). At last follow-up, There was no statistical difference of visual acuity between the two groups (t=3.12, P＞0.05). Fourteen eyes underwent silicone oil tamponade including 13 eyes (37.14%) and 1 eye (3.13%) in 20G and 23G group respectively, which was significantly different (chi;2=11.703, P＜0.05). Nine eyes underwent reoperation (13.43%), including 8 eyes (22.86%) and 1 eye (3.13%) in 20G and 23G group respectively, which was significantly different (chi;2=5.597,P＜0.05). The 8 re-operated eyes in 20G group included 1 eye of recurrent endophthalmitis and 7 eyes with retinal detachment, the 1 re-operated eye in 23G group was of recurrent endophthalmitis. There was significantly different (chi;2=7.147,P＜0.05) for the rate of retinal detachment between the 2 groups. There were 40 eyes with bulbar conjunctiva scar including 35 eyes (100.00%) and five eyes (15.63%) in 20G and 23G group. Conclusion 23G vitrectomy is an effective treatment for infectious endophthalmitis with shorter surgery time, lower reoperation rate, lower retinal reattachment rate and fewer bulbar conjunctiva scar.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of single-incision video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) versus conventional multiple ports VATS for lung cancer. MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2016), EMbase, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data from inception to April 2016, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing single-incision VATS and conventional multiple ports VATS for lung cancer. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 9 cohort studies involving 1 318 patients were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with the conventional multiple ports VATS group, the single-incision VATS group had shorter chest drainage time (MD=-0.70, 95%CI -1.38 to -0.02, P=0.04), shorter hospital stay (MD=-0.52, 95%CI -0.91 to -0.14, P=0.007), less amount of intraoperative bleeding (MD=-18.49, 95%CI -33.61 to -3.37, P=0.02), lower VAS score at 1 and 3 days after surgery (MD=-0.32, 95%CI -0.51 to -0.14, P=0.000 7; MD=-0.48, 95%CI -0.58 to -0.38, P < 0.000 01). Meanwhile, there were no statistical differences between both groups in operation time (MD=-3.40, 95%CI -13.65 to 6.85, P=0.52), the postoperative complications (OR=0.91, 95%CI 0.65 to 1.27, P=0.56), the number of lymph node dissection (MD=-0.79, 95%CI -2.35 to 0.77, P=0.32), the total cost (MD=0.47, 95%CI -0.39 to 1.32, P=0.28), the intraoperative conversion rate (OR=0.92, 95%CI 0.44 to 1.93, P=0.82) and VAS score at 7 days after surgery (MD=-1.18, 95%CI -2.42 to 0.07, P=0.06). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows, single-incision VATS is superior in the surgical trauma to conventional multiple ports VATS in the treatment of lung cancer, However, due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the correlation between mTOR protein expression and different clinical pathological features as well as the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cervical cancer. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2015), PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data from inception to April 2015 to collect case-control studies investigating the correlation between mTOR protein expression and different clinical pathological features as well as the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cervical cancer. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsA total of 8 case-control studies involving 591 patients were included. Among these cases, 365 cases were in the cervical cancer group, 135 cases were in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group, and 91 cases were in the normal cervix tissue group. The results of meta-analysis showed that:(1) Compared with the normal cervix tissue group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the cervical cancer group (OR=24.14, 95%CI 4.47 to 130.35, P=0.000 2) and the CIN group (OR=4.71, 95%CI 2.15 to 10.33, P=0.000 1); Compared with the CIN group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the cervical cancer group (OR=5.12, 95%CI 2.96 to 8.86, P<0.000 01). (2) Compared with the non-lymphnode-metastasis group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the lymph node metastasis group (OR=3.29, 95%CI 1.61 to 6.69, P=0.001); Compared with the FIGO I group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the FIGO Ⅱ group (OR=3.00, 95%CI 1.49 to 6.04, P=0.002); Compared with the radiotherapy and chemotherapy responsive group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the non-response group (OR=15.64, 95%CI 3.17 to 77.15, P=0.000 7). In addition, there was no significant difference between the medium/high differentiation group and low differentiation group (OR=1.70, 95%CI 0.75 to 3.81, P=0.20). ConclusionmTOR protein expression is associated with cervical cancer, and mTOR protein overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis, higher FIGO and non-response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion needs to be further verified by more high quality studies.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial use on preventing infections after arthroscopy.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect clinical studies on the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial use on preventing infections after arthroscopy from January 1990 to September 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 15.0 software.ResultsA total of 8 retrospective cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial involving 60 136 subjects were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that: there was no difference in the post-operational infection rate among patients with and without antimicrobial prophylaxis for arthroscopies (OR=0.51, 95%CI 0.25 to 1.04, P=0.06). For knee arthroscopies, the post-operational infection rate had no difference between patients with and without antimicrobial prophylaxis (OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.23, P=0.48). However, for shoulder arthroscopies, the post-operational infection rate in the antimicrobial prophylaxis group was significantly lower than that in the group without the antimicrobial prophylaxis(OR=0.18, 95%CI 0.08 to 0.37, P<0.000 01).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that there is no association between preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis and a decreased infection rate for knee arthroscopies. Antimicrobial prophylaxis appears to lead to fewer infections after shoulder arthroscopies. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
Objective To compare the outcomes of 23G and 20G vitrectomy in treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods This was a prospective randomized study. One hundred twenty six patients (142 eyes) suffering from PDR with symptoms requiring vitrectomy were randomly divided into 20G vitrectomy group (66 patients, 74 eyes) and 23G vitrectomy group (60patients,68eyes). Visual acuity, intraocular pressures,indirect ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasound, tear film break up time (BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ T), astigmatic power and the astigmatic axial at 6 mm area of anterior and posterior corneal surface were observed and measured before surgery. The follow-up period was 15.0 and 12.5 months separately in 20G and 23G groups. Intraoperative complications, operation time, postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, postoperative complications, reoperation, and postoperative ocular conditions including changes of astigmatic power and the astigmatic axial measurements were analyzed. Results At last follow-up, there was 49 eyes (66.2%) and 47 eyes (69.1%) with visual acuity ge;0.05 in 20G and 23G groups. Comparing visual acuity ge;0.05, there was no statistical difference between the groups (chi;2=0.14, P＞0.05). The eyes suffering from iatrogenic injuries were 18 (24.3%) and seven (10.3%). There was obvious difference in iatrogenic injury between the two groups (chi;2=4.81, P＜0.05). The mean surgical times were (69.0plusmn;8.2) and (51.0plusmn;6.3) minutes in 20G and 23G group, which was significantly different (t=3.65, P＜0.05). The postoperative third day, hypotony was detected in three (4.1%) and 11 eyes (14.7%) in 20G and 23G group, which was a significantly different (chi;2=5.85, P＜0.05). Postoperatively high intraocular pressures were not significantly different between the two groups (chi;2=2.54,P＞0.05). There were 24 (32.4%) and 14 eyes (20.6%) in 20G and 23G group. There were significant differences in BUT, SⅠT, astigmatic power and the astigmatic axial measurements compared with those preoperatively at the first month after operation (t=3.35, 4.12, -3.12, -3.22; P＜0.05), but no significant differences in them at the third and sixth month after operation (third month: t=0.45, 0.98, -2.12, -1.02; P＞0.05, and the sixth month: t=0.95, 1.48, -1.02, -2.11; P＞0.05). In 23G group, there were no significant differences in BUT, SⅠT, astigmatic power and the astigmatic axial measurements compared with those preoperatively at the first, third and sixth month after operation (first month: t=1.21, 1.46, -2.32, -1.61; P＞0.05, third month: t=1.45, 2.21, -2.19, -1.89; P＞0.05, and sixth month: t=1.92, 1.25, -1.76, -2.35; P＞0.05). Conclusion 23G vitrectomy is a safe and effective treatment for PDR with shorter surgery time, fewer surgical complications and postoperative ocular surface changes.
Objective To discuss the safety，feasibility，and advantages of two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC）．Methods The clinical data of 114 patients underwent LC from June 2008 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed，of which 46 underwent two-port LC （two-port LC group，n=46） and 68 underwent three-port LC （three-port LC group，n=68）. The operation time，intraoperative blood loss，postoperative feeding time，postoperative pain，postoperative hospital stay，and hospitalization expenses were compared between two groups. Results All the operations were successful，no postoperative complications occurred in both groups．The operation time in the two-port LC group was longer than that in the three-port LC group （P＜0.05）. The intraoperative blood loss，postoperative feeding time，postoperative pain，and postoperative hospital stay had no significant differences in two groups （P＞0.05）. The hospitalization expenses in the two-port group was less than that in the three-port group（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Two-port LC is a safe and feasible operation in the simple gallstone patients. It is cautious in those patients with acute cholecystitis because of the restricted vision and operation．
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) and open hepatectomy (OH) on the hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched online to collect the cohort studies of LHvs.OH on hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis from inception to November 31st, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 15 cohort studies involving 1 720 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with OH, LH had less blood loss (MD=–226.94, 95%CI –339.87 to –114.01, P<0.000 1), lower transfusion rate (OR=0.48, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.83,P=0.009), less occurrence of complications (OR=0.32, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.45, P<0.000 01), shorter postoperative hospital stay (MD=–3.66, 95%CI –5.19 to –2.14,P<0.000 01), lower mortality rate (OR=0.47, 95%CI 0.24 to 0.92,P=0.03), wider surgical margin (OR=0.78, 95%CI 0.20 to 1.36, P=0.009), higher 1, 3 and 5-year survival rate (OR=2.47, 95%CI 1.35 to 4.51, P=0.003; OR=1.62, 95%CI 1.11 to 2.36, P=0.01; OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.19 to 2.10, P=0.002, respectively) and 1-year disease free survival rate (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.20 to 2.39, P=0.003). There were no significant differences in operation time (MD=28.64, 95%CI –7.53 to 64.82, P=0.12), tumor size (MD=–0.37, 95%CI –0.75 to 0.02, P=0.06), 3-year disease free survival rate (OR=1.14, 95%CI 0.86 to 1.51, P=0.36) and 5-year disease free survival rate (OR=0.99, 95%CI 0.77 to 1.28, P=0.97) between the two groups.ConclusionsThe perioperation and short-term postoperative outcomes of LH are significant in HCC patients with cirrhosis, and which have good long-term prognosis. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) versus laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) for patients with gastric cancer. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI were searched to collect cohort studies about TLTG vs. LATG for gastric cancer from inception to February 28th 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of six cohort studies were included, of which 407 cases were in the TLTG group, and 315 cases were in the LATG group. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with LATG group, patients in TLTG group had shorter operation time (MD=–8.97, 95%CI –16.21 to –1.73, P=0.02), and initial postoperative feeding time (MD=–0.30, 95%CI –0.57 to –0.03, P=0.03). However, the anastomic time, bleeding volume, the number of dissected lymph nodes, proximal resection margin, initial flatus time, postoperative hospital stay, overall postoperative complications, anastomotic fistula, and anastomotic stenosis were similar between two groups (all P values>0.05)． Conclusions Compared with LATG, TLTG has shorter operation and recovery time for patients with gastric cancer. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.