Objective To study the relationships between expressions of somatostatin receptor subtypes（SSTR1-SSTR5） and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Methods The expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5, VEGF, and CD34 in the paraffin sections of colorectal cancer tissues from 127 cases were detected by the standard streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) technique. CD34 was used as a marker to account microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal cancer tissues. The relationships between the expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5 and VEGF expression, or MVD were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 was 64.6% （82/127）, 36.2% （46/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, and 38.6% （49/127） in colorectal cancer tissues, meanwhile, the positive expression rate of VEGF was 63.8% （81/127） and MVD was (34.67±16.62)/HP in colorectal cancer tissues. The positive expression rate of VEGF (47.8%， 22/46) and MVD 〔(29.00±15.32)/HP〕 in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 positive expression were significantly lower than those in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 negative expression 〔72.8%， 59/81； (37.90±16.56)/HP〕, Plt;0.05. There were no relationships between SSTR1, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 expression and VEGF expression or MVD （Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion The positive expression of SSTR2 is related with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer tissues.
Whether anatomical segmentectomy can replace lobectomy in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer remains controversial. A large number of studies have been conducted for decades to explore whether pulmonary segmentectomy can treat early-stage lung cancer, which is actually to explore the indications of intentional segmentectomy. With the development of scientific researches, it is found that many characteristics affect the malignancy of lung cancer, and the different grades of each characteristic affect the prognosis of patients. It is worth exploring whether different surgical approaches can be used for early-stage lung cancer with different characteristics and different grades. This article reviews the literature and studies to discuss the advances in indications of segmentectomy for early-stage lung in terms of tumor size, consolidation-to-tumor ratio, pathological classification and tumor location, respectively. The objective of this review is to help thoracic surgeons to objectively and scientifically select the surgical method according to the clinical characteristics of early-stage lung cancer.
Objective To explore the correlation between homocysteine （Hcy） level and the risk of breast cancer，and try to find a new method to reduce the risk factors and benefit for treatment of breast cancer. Methods From January2010 to December 2012， 245 cases of breast cancer （breast cancer group）， 109 cases of benign breast tumor （benign breast tumor group）， and 78 cases of healthy women （healthy control group） in the Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital， who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria， were analyzed retrospectively. The difference of Hcy level was compared among three groups. Meanwhile the relation between Hcy level and patients’s age， blood glucose， serum creatinine， estrogen receptor （ER）， progesterone receptor （PR）， Ki-67 （%）， tumor diameter， or axillary lymph node status was analyzed.Results ① The Hcy level was significantly different among the breast cancer group， benign breast tumor group， and healthy control group （P＜0.001）. The Hcy level of the breast cancer group was significantly higher than those of the benignbreast tumor group （P＜0.001） or healthy control group （P＜0.001）， but the Hcy level was not significantly different bet-ween the benign breast tumor group and healthy control group （P=0.082） . ② The Hcy levels of different types of the breastcancer （type of Luminal A， Luminal B， Her-2， and triple negative） were significantly higher than those of the benign breast tumor group （except for Her-2 type， P＜0.05） or healthy control group （P＜0.05）. ③Plasma Hcy level of the patients with benign and malignant breast tumor was positively correlated with age （r=0.197， P=0.004） or serum creatinine level （r=0.381， P＜0.001）， but not correlated with blood glucose （r=0.023， P=0.668）. ④Plasma Hcy level of the patients with malignant breast tumor was positively correlated with age （r=0.267， P=0.007） or serum creatinine level （r=0.341， P＜0.001）， but not correlated with blood glucose （r=-0.005， P=0.935）， tumor diameter （r=-0.049， P=0.443）， axillary lymph node status （r=-0.006， P=0.921）， or Ki-67 （%） （rs=-0.029， P=0.650）. Conclusions Plasma Hcy level of breast cancer patient is abnormally elevated， and it may have some relation with the occurrence of breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress of diagnosis and treatment in male breast cancer. MethodsThe literatures about the research progress of diagnosis and treatment in male breast cancer were reviewed. ResultsThe diagnosis of male breast cancer relied mainly on clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations, the main treatment of male breast cancer was modified radical operation, combining with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy. ConclusionsThe treatment of male breast cancer is mainly reference the treatment of female breast cancer, which is lack of a clear standard of treatment. Indepth study on the molecular genetic level will provide more accurate care decisions for the treatment of male breast cancer.
Objective To explore the correlation between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm. Methods The clinicopathologic data of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma≤3 cm in diameter were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and age, gender, smoking history, pathological subtype, tumor location, tumor diameter, pleural invasion, vascular invasion and other factors was analyzed. The risk factors of lymph node metastasis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Finally 1 718 patients were collected, including 697 males and 1 021 females with an average age of 58.89±9.85 years. The total lymph node metastasis rate was 12.9%, among whom 452 patients of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) did not have lymph node metastasis, and the lymph node metastasis rate of invasive lung adenocarcinoma was 17.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor diameter, micropapillary subtype, solid subtype, micropapillary component, solid component, vascular invasion and pleural invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of invasive lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm (P<0.05). While age, lepidic subtype and lepidic component were independent protective factors for lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion Clinicopathological features can help predict lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the application value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in preoperative surgical diagnosis of new classification criteria for lung adenocarcinoma, which is helpful to develop a deep learning model of artificial intelligence in the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of 173 patients with ground-glass lung nodules with a diameter of ≤2 cm, who were admitted from October 2018 to June 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 55 were males and 118 were females with a median age of 61 (28-82) years. Pulmonary nodules in different parts of the same patient were treated as independent events, and a total of 181 subjects were included. According to the new classification criteria of pathological types, they were divided into pre-invasive lesions (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and and adenocarcinoma in situ), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma. The relationship between 3D reconstruction parameters and different pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma, and their diagnostic values were analyzed by multiplanar reconstruction and volume reconstruction techniques.ResultsIn different pathological types of lung adenocarcinoma, the diameter of lung nodules (P<0.001), average CT value (P<0.001), consolidation/tumor ratio (CTR, P<0.001), type of nodules (P<0.001), nodular morphology (P<0.001), pleural indenlation sign (P<0.001), air bronchogram sign (P=0.010), vascular access inside the nodule (P=0.005), TNM staging (P<0.001) were significantly different, while nodule growth sites were not (P=0.054). At the same time, it was also found that with the increased invasiveness of different pathological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma, the proportion of dominant signs of each group gradually increased. Meanwhile, nodule diameter and the average CT value or CTR were independent risk factors for malignant degree of lung adenocarcinoma.ConclusionImaging signs of lung adenocarcinoma in 3D reconstruction, including nodule diameter, the average CT value, CTR, shape, type, vascular access conditions, air bronchogram sign, pleural indenlation sign, play an important role in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma subtype and can provide guidance for personalized therapy to patients in clinics.
ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax and histological subtypes of ≤2 cm early peripheral lung adenocarcinoma (cN0).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of consecutive patients who received baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT and underwent anatomic lung resection for ≤2 cm early peripheral lung adenocarcinoma from 2011 to 2014 in our institute.ResultsA total of 195 patients were enrolled in this study, including 86 males and 109 females, with an average age of 59.96±9.19 years. Twenty-two patients were pathologically confirmed with lymph node metastasis. One hundred and fifty-seven patients were in the subtype group 1, which included lepidic, acinar, and papillary predominant tumors. Thirty-eight patients were in the subtype group 2, which included solid and micropapillary predominant tumors. The 5-year survival rate was 79.0% and 58.0% in the subtype group 1 and subtype group 2, respectively (P=0.006). The median SUVmax was 2.00 (0.30-13.10) and 4.15 (1.20-17.90) in the subtype group 1 and subtype group 2, respectively (P=0.000). Logistic regression suggested that baseline SUVmax≥2.5 was an independent risk factor for the subtype group 2 (OR=6.635, 95%CI 2.510-17.545, P=0.000). The receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that the continuous SUVmax had an moderate predictive value for subtypes (area under the curve was 0.792, 95%CI 0.717-0.866).ConclusionBaseline 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax has certain predictive value for histological subtypes of ≤2 cm early peripheral lung adenocarcinoma.
ObjectiveTo analyze the relative factors of lymph-nodes metastasis (LM) in patients with cervical cancer. MethodsThe clinico-pathological data of 136 patients with stageⅠ A-Ⅱ A of cervical cancer who underwent surgical therapy from January 2005 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between clinico-pathological parameters and LM was analyzed by univariable χ2 analysis and multivariable logistic analysis. ResultsThe total LM rate (LMR) was 14.0% (19/136). The rate of LM in obturator was the highest (63.2%), and then the rate between the external and internal iliac was 42.1%. The rate of deep inguinal lymph nodes and para-aortic lymph node was 0.0%. There was correlation between the clinic staging, depth of stromal invasion, histologic subtype, parametrial invasion, vaginal invasion and LM in univariable analysis (P<0.05). While in multivariable analysis, the correlation with LM was only existed between the clinic staging, histologic subtype, depth of stromal invasion and LM. ConclusionClinic staging, histologic subtype, depth of stromal invasion are high risk factors of LM.
ObjectiveTo explore feasibility of mRNA vaccines as a novel strategy for individualized precision treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC). MethodThe recent domestic and international literature on vaccine research in PC was reviewed. ResultsThe heterogeneity between and within the pancreatic tumors had limited the efficacy of traditional vaccines based on cells, exosomes, proteins, peptides, or DNA for PC. The mRNA vaccine was considered as a promising alternative therapy due to its precise targeting, low toxicity, and ability to induce long-lasting immune memory. Breakthroughs in the tumor antigen recognition, immune subtype differentiation, and mRNA vaccine construction, the development strategy of PC mRNA vaccine would further facilitate the development of personalized precision medicine. The existing mRNA vaccines usually need to be combined with other immunotherapy methods to improve efficacy, while the development of preventive vaccines is still exploraing. ConclusionsmRNA vaccines, as an innovative and promising platform, offer a new hope for the development of PC vaccines. However, the heterogeneity of PC has resulted in poor efficacy with traditional vaccines. Although the limitations of traditional vaccines and the heterogeneity of PC itself, the more challenges of vaccine research of PC is facing, the advantages of mRNA vaccine still make it possible to treat PC. In the face of the challenge of complex characteristics of PC, more research is needed to support the transformation and application of mRNA vaccine in clinical therapy.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between histological subtypes of invasive lung adenocarcinoma and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, and to provide a reference for clinical prediction of EGFR gene mutation status.MethodsFrom October 2017 to May 2019, 102 patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma were collected, including 58 males and 44 females aged 62 (31-84) years. Invasive lung adenocarcinoma was classified into different histological subtypes. Scorpion probe amplification block mutation system (ARMS) real-time PCR was used to detect the mutation of EGFR gene in adenocarcinoma specimens, and the relationship between invasive lung adenocarcinoma subtypes and EGFR mutation status was analyzed.ResultsIn 102 patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR gene mutations were detected in 68 patients, and the mutation rate was 66.7% (68/102). The mutation sites were mainly concentrated in the exons 19 and 21; the mutation rate was higher in female patients (34/44, 77.3%) and non-smokers (34/58, 58.6%). EGFR mutation was mostly caused by acinar-like invasive lung adenocarcinoma, and was rare in solid-type lung adenocarcinoma. The EGFR gene mutation rates in different subtypes of adenocarcinoma were statistically different (P<0.05).ConclusionThe EGFR mutation status is related to gender, smoking status and histological subtype of invasive lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutation rates are higher in female, non-smoking and acinar-like invasive lung adenocarcinoma patients, and are lower in patients with solid type lung adenocarcinoma.