门静脉高压症是慢性肝病的主要合并症之一，它所导致的食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血死亡率可达30%～50%，是肝硬变患者的主要死亡原因。1概述自1945年Whipple等人倡导门体分流手术治疗门静脉高压症以来，各国学者作出了不懈努力，探求对这种顽症的治疗手段。最近20～30年在治疗方法上出现了许多革新，如内窥镜下曲张静脉硬化剂注射、曲张静脉套扎、门体静脉选择性分流（远端脾肾分流）等。应用β受体阻滞剂心得安来预防或治疗门静脉高压症引起的上消化道出血取得了肯定的疗效。小口径人工血管门静脉下腔静脉搭桥分流减少了门体分流手术后脑病的发生率，而复发出血率几乎可与传统门腔分流术相比。经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPSS）治疗急性上消化道出血的疗效十分肯定，尤其适用于手术风险大、肝功能差者。肝脏移植作为治疗终末期不可逆性肝病的成熟手段，近年来也越来越多地应用于肝硬变门静脉高压症的治疗，与其它各种治疗手段相比，肝移植可算是对门静脉高压症治疗的一种革命性的变化，一个成功的肝移植一劳永逸地解决了门静脉高压症产生的根源，使门静脉高压症得到根治。
ObjectiveTo investigate impact of splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization on liver hemodynamics and liver function for liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension. MethodsThe internal diameter, maximum velocity, minimum velocity, mean velocity, and flow volume of portal vein and hepatic artery of 42 cases of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension were measured by Doppler ultrasonic instrument on day 1 before operation and on day 7 after operation. The free portal pressures at different phases (after open abdomen, after splenic artery ligation, after splenectomy, and after devasculanrization) were read from the disposable pressure sensor. Twenty-four healthy people through physical examination were selected as control. Results① The free portal pressure of liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension was decreased from (29.12±1.40) mm Hg after open abdomen to (22.71±1.21) mm Hg after splenic artery ligation, and further decreased to (21.32±1.12) mm Hg after splenectomy, but increased to (22.42±1.15) mm Hg after devasculanrization, the difference was statisticly different (all P < 0.01). ② Compared with the healthy people, for the liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, the internal diameter, maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and flow volume of portal vein were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01), which of hepatic artery were significantly reduced (all P < 0.01) on day 1 before operation; On day 7 after operation, the internal diameter of portal vein was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), the maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and mean velocity of portal vein were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01), but the internal diameter of hepatic artery was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), the maximum velocity, minimum velocity, mean velocity, and flow volume of hepatic artery were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01). For the liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, compared with the values on day 1 before operation, the internal diameter and the flow volume of portal vein were significantly reduced (all P < 0.01) on day 7 after operation; the internal diameter, maximum velocity, minimum velocity, mean velocity, and flow volume of hepatic artery were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01) on day 7 after operation. ③ The Child-Pugh classification of liver function between before and after surgery had no significant difference (χ2=1.050, P > 0.05). ④ No death and no hepatic encephalopathy occurred, no thrombosis of splenic vein or portal vein was observed on day 7 after surgery. Conclusionsplenectomy plus pericardial devascularization could decrease portal vein pressure and reduce blood flow of portal vein, while increase blood flow of hepatic artery, it doesn't affect liver function.
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to study the effect of splenopneumopexy for patients with portal hypertension in children. METHODS From March 1993 to April 1998, splenopneumopexy was performed on six children with portal hypertension. Doppler ultrasound and radionuclide were used to demonstrate the portopulmonary shunt after operation. RESULTS The bleeding from the esophageal varices was controlled and the esophageal varices were eliminated gradually. The symptoms pertaining to hypertension were disappeared. The patency of the shunt was maintained without the formation of thrombosis. No pulmonary complication was observed. CONCLUSION The results indicated that splenopneumopexy was a safe and effective procedure for patients with portal hypertension in children.
42 Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random, liver cirrhosis (LC), portal vein stricture (PVS) and sham operation (SO) group. The changes of barrier capability of gastric mucosa in portal hypertensive rats were observed. The results demonstrated: the splanchnic blood flow of the portal hypertensive rats increased, as compared with the normal control group (Ｐ＜0.001), but actually gastric mucosa was under the condition of ischemia. Mucosa of gastric wall glycoprotein and PGE2 of gastric mucosa decreased, as compared with the normal control (Ｐ＜0.01); and more seriously decreased in cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats, there was no significant difference about amount of the basal acid secretion (BAS) among the three groups, but the amount of H＋ backdiffusion (H＋BD) was obviously increased, as compared with the normal control group (Ｐ＜0.001). The amount of H＋BD of cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats was the highest among this three groups. The results suggest that the barrier capability of gastric mucosa with portal hypertension is lower than that of the normal control group and much lower with cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats. The portal hypertensive gastropathy is associated with the lower capability of defense of gastric mucosa. The condition of liver function contributes to the change of barrier capability of gastric mucosa.
ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical efficacy of the modified Sugiura procedure with cardia transection in treatment of recurrent portal hypertension with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. MethodsFrom January 2007 to January 2015, there were 28 cases of recurrent portal hypertension with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were treated by the modified Sugiura procedure with cardia transection in The Second People's Hospital of Yichang and The Zigui County People's Hospital, collecting the clinical data of them and then summarizing the therapeutic effect. ResultsAll cases underwent surgery successfully with no operative death. The operative time was 120-300 minutes with an average of 160 minutes. About surgical blood loss was 100-500 mL, with an average of 210 mL. Two cases suffered from postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding, 6 cases suffered from postoperative gastric dysfunction, and no one suffered from anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, and portal vein thrombosis. Three cases died in reason of liver failure and hepatic coma. There were 24 cases were followed up for 6-60 months, with the median of 33 months. No recurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding happened during the follow-up period. Sixteen cases underwent gastroscopy in 6 months after surgery, according to the results, the clinical effect was fine. For grade of varicose veinsm, there were 14 cases of grade GⅠ and 2 cases of grade GⅡ. For shape of varicose veins, there were 11 cases of grade F1 and 5 cases of grade F2. ConclusionThe modified Sugiura procedure with cardia transection is a safe and thorough operation for recurrent portal hypertension with bleeding.
目的 探讨门静脉高压症断流术后上消化道再出血的原因及防治措施。方法 对近8年解放军第302医院肝胆外科收治的因门静脉高压症行脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术后发生上消化道再出血的15例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 15例术后消化道再次出血患者中，因急性胃黏膜病变出血9例，残留食管胃底曲张静脉再次破裂大出血5例，围手术期门静脉、脾静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓形成并呕血1例。围手术期再出血并死亡2例，通过保守或手术治疗治愈13例。结论 断流术是治疗门静脉高压症引起上消化道大出血的良好术式，术后再出血是断流术后常见并发症之一，完善的手术操作、适时祛聚抗凝减少门静脉系统血栓形成可减少断流术后再出血的发生或减轻其症状
Objective To explore predictive value of radiological indexes for hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension. Methods The clinical data and radiological data of patients with portal hypertension accompanied with hepatitis B from June 2008 to June 2014 in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, portal vein thrombosis, or portal hypertension due to other causes, such as autoimmune hepatitis, pancreatitis, or hematological diseases were excluded. Results Ninety-eight patients were studied and subsequently divided into a hemorrhage group (n=57) and a non-hemorrhage group (n=41). There were no statistical differences in the clinical indexes such as the age, prothrombin time, serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum sodium, white blood cell count, and blood platelet count (P>0.05). However, the differences were statistically significant in the serum total bilirubin, hemoglobin, and liver function with theP values of 0.023, 0.000, and 0.039, respectively. For the radiological indexes, the hemorrhage was correlated with the diameter of posterior gastric vein (P=0.028 3) or grading of esophageal varices (P=0.022 1). Logistic procedure was used to construct the model with stepwise selection and finally the diameter of inferior mesenteric vein, diameter of posterior gastric vein, grading of esophageal varices, and diameter of short gastric vein were enrolled into this model. These indexes were scored, the risk of bleeding increased with increasing the points. Then the model was validated with 26 patients with portal hypertension from July 2014 to December 2014, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.884 9 by this radiological model. Conclusions A radiological scoring model is constructed including diameter of inferior mesenteric vein, grading of esophageal varices, diameter of posterior gastric vein, and diameter of short gastric vein, which might predict risk of hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension. However, further protective study of large sample is needed to validate this model.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the operative technique and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) combined with esophagogastric devascularization in treatment of portal hypertension induced by liver cirrhosis. MethodsTwelve cases with esophageal and gastric varices induced by portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis were treated by the LS combined with esophagogastric devascularization in our department from March 2009 to August 2010, which clinical data were analyzed and summarized retrospectively. ResultsThe splenic artery was ligated before the treatment of splenic pedicle in 12 cases, LS combined with pericardial devascularization was successfully performed in 10 cases, 7 cases of which were treated by the level two transection method of splenic pedicle, and 2 cases were converted to open surgery due to intraoperative bleeding. In 10 cases, the operative time was 180-300 min (average 210 min), and intraoperative blood loss was 200-1 000 ml (average 480 ml). The postoperative hospital stay was 8-15 d (average 9 d)， the postoperative complications included plural effusion （lt;300 ml） in 2 cases， mild ascites （lt;300 ml） in 2 cases, and mild pancreatic leakage in 1 case， but all were cured eventually， and no mortality occurred. Followup was conducted in 12 patients for 4 to 20 months (average 7 months), and no rebleeding occurred. ConclusionsLS combined with pericardial devascularization is relatively safe and effective methods in treatment of portal hypertension induced by liver cirrhosis. The keys to success include ligation of splenic artery, and the use of harmonic scalpel combined with ligasure to treat splenic pedicle.